• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1 s.55
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2006

In this study, we performed anti-oxidation, whitening, cell recovery and anti-inflammation effects with Alisma orientale to evaluate the cosmeceutical properties. Alisma orientate extract (30, 70, 100 % MeOH) exhibited a significant tree radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in a dose dependent manner (over 0.5% concentration). In cell proliferation assay using human fibroblast, it didn't show any proliferation effect but showed safety from cytotoxicity under 0.05% concentration. For whitening assay, we evaluated the melanin synthesis rate using B16 melanocyte and it showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 40% under 0.05% concentration). After major screening assay, we separate 3 fractions from Alisma orientate extract by MPLC and performed cell recovery assay, melanin synthesis inhibition assay and anti-inflammatory assay. The third fraction showed a cell recovery effect over 30% against radical damage and remarkable repression in melanin synthesis and COX-2 synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.556-559
• /
• 2009

"Hongso" was originated from a cross between "Yoko" and "Hongro" in NIHHS, RDA, in 1989. "Hongso" was preliminarily selected in 2002 for its high fruit quality. After regional adaptability test at five sites from 2003 to 2006 as "Wonkyo Ga-30" it was finally selected in 2006. Optimum harvest time is early September which is similar to that of "Hongro". Fruit shape is globose conical and skin color is light red. Mean fruit weight is 295g and soluble solids content is 14.1oBrix. Fruits acidity is 0.34%, which is higher than that of "Hongro"(0.23%). It has a good taste for harmony of sugar and acidity. Storability is 3 weeks in room temperature. It is apt to russet on fruit skin. It is susceptible to Bitter rot. "Hongso" has a good cross compatibility with major cultivars such as "Fuji", "Hongro" and "Tsugaru". Tree habit is semi-spreading and tree vigor is weak. "Hongso" is high-density cultivation type cultivar, because it has a precocity, spur-type.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2005

Molecular profIles of PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were compared between morphologically distinguishable species of Trichoderma isolated from substrates of oyster mushroom in Korea, T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, and two unidentified species, Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2. PCR­RFLP analysis divided the Trichoderma spp. into six RFLP groups, A, B, C, D, E, and F. The RFLP groups were generally agreed with described morphological species, except that the RFLP group A containing the two unidentified species. A neighbor-joining tree based on ITS sequences well supported RFLP groups observed by RFLP analysis of ITS regions of rDNA. Additionally, the two unidentified species, Trichoderma sp. 1 and 2, which could not be distinguished by PCR­RFLP analysis, were separated in sequence analysis of ITS regions of rDNA.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.750-754
• /
• 2014

Quantitative risk analysis has been performed for a pervaporation process for production of high test peroxide. Potential main accidents are explosion and fire caused by a decomposition reaction. As the target process has a laboratory scale, the consequence is considered to belong to Category 3. An event tree has been developed as a model for occurrence of a decomposition reaction in the target process. The probability functions of the accident causes have been established based on the frequency data of similar events. Using the constructed model, the failure rate has been calculated. The result indicates that additional safety devices are required in order to achieve an acceptable risk level, i.e. an accident frequency less than $10^{-4}/yr$. Therefore, a layer of protection analysis has been applied. As a result, it is suggested to introduce inherently safer design to avoid catalytic reaction, a safety instrumented function to prevent overheating, and a relief system that prevents explosion even if a decomposition reaction occurs. The proposed method is expected to contribute to developing safety management systems for various chemical processes including concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.16D no.4
• /
• pp.487-496
• /
• 2009

This paper addresses an indexing scheme capable of efficiently processing range queries in a large-scale trajectory database. After discussing the drawbacks of previous indexing schemes, we propose a new scheme that divides the temporal dimension into multiple time intervals and then, by this interval, builds an index for the line segments. Additionally, a supplementary index is built for the line segments within each time interval. This scheme can make a dramatic improvement in the performance of insert and search operations using a main memory index, particularly for the time interval consisting of the segments taken by those objects which are currently moving or have just completed their movements, as contrast to the previous schemes that store the index totally on the disk. Each time interval index is built as follows: First, the extent of the spatial dimension is divided onto multiple spatial cells to which the line segments are assigned evenly. We use a 2D-tree to maintain information on those cells. Then, for each cell, an additional 3D $R^*$-tree is created on the spatio-temporal space (x, y, t). Such a multi-level indexing strategy can cure the shortcomings of the legacy schemes. Performance results obtained from intensive experiments show that our scheme enhances the performance of retrieve operations by 3$\sim$10 times, with much less storage space.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 1999

The dyeing experiments were done by using tannin pigments and herbs for natural fabrics such as ramie, hemp and silk. The anti-bacterial ability and color fastness were examined for dyed fabrics. Dye materials containing tannin pigment such as oak tree leaf showed rich dyeing on ramie, hemp, and silk fabrics when the pH of dye solution is lower as well as the dyeing temperature is higher. In crimson dyeing, the colour of fabric showed red-purple when the crimson pigment was extracted at 40$^{\circ}C$, while yellow-red when extracted above 70$^{\circ}C$. The colour fastness of dye materials containing tannin pigment was excellent showing 3~4 grade or above, while most of those derived from chinese medicine showed poor colour fastness of below 3 grade. The anti-bacterial ability of dye materials derived from chinese medicine was high, since the sappan wood fabric showed low bacteria reduction rate.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.198-204
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: Caused by cultural environment, the fruit skin stain results in serious damages to pear fruit. Particularly susceptible to this damage, 'Niitaka' pear accounts for 82% of pear cultivation in Korea and many farmers growing the pear trees have suffered economic losses due to fruit skin stain. This study investigated the effect of different treatments of 'Niitaka' pear during growing period on the occurrence of fruit skin stain. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments in the field included gibberellin (GA) paste, spraying with amino acid tree fertilizer, functional bagging, and coating of the inner paper bag with agents. The relationships between tree vigor, mineral nutrition concentration and fruit skin stain occurrence were also investigated. The fruit skin stain symptoms occurred from young fruit (May 25) until harvest. There was no exposed fruit flesh. The occurrence of fruit skin stain was significantly reduced in normal tree (shoot length 110 cm), as well as using GA paste treatment, and bagging in calcium and lime sulfur coated bags. However, spraying with amino acid tree fertilizer made no difference in comparison to control. In addition, bags in which the inner paper was coated with lime sulfur and soybean oil resulted in chemical injury to the fruit skin caused by bagging. The K concentration of shoot wood and fruit skin were higher than those of the control. Also, there were lower T-N, K concentration of leaf. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that occurrence of fruit skin stain in 'Niitaka' pear fruits during the growing period can be reduced by GA paste and bagging in calcium and lime sulfur coated bags. The symptoms of chemical injury to the fruit skin caused by bagging in lime sulfur and soybean oil coated inner paper were different compared to skin stain occurring in fruit during the growing period.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.250-252
• /
• 2015

The tejocote (Crataegus spp.) is a tree considered to be native to Mexico. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of tejocote rust in the State of Puebla. Tejocote fruits were sampled in 2012 and 2013. The fungus was studied morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecularly using phylogenetic analysis of 18S and 28S rDNA genes. The fungus was identified as Gymnosporangium clavipes on tejocote fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck affecting Crataegus mexicana var. Chapeado and C. gracilior in Puebla Mexico.

• Forest Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2018

The seeds of Elaeocarpus serratus, a tropical underutilized fruit tree are characterized by hard seed coat and consequent poor water uptake and low germination. To improve the regeneration through seeds, various parameters such as viability of seeds, water uptake, and effect of seed mass on germination and pretreatments were performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). Tetrazolium (TZ) test was conducted using fresh, mature seeds revealed $50{\pm}2.56%$ mean viability. Seeds of different weight classes showed similar pattern of water uptake and the saturation level was achieved at 60 hrs of soaking. Seeds belong to weight class 2.6-3.5g were germinated ($12.5{\pm}1.26%$) with $175{\pm}1.75days$ (d) of mean time taken for germination (MTG). Germination capacity of seeds varied significantly among different populations and Varkala population gave $12.5{\pm}1.1%$ germination with $174.6{\pm}2.5d$ MTG. Among various seed treatments, mechanical scarification was superior in germination and significant reduction in MTG ($p{\leq}0.05$). The mechanical scarification by complete removal of seed coat resulted in $49.2{\pm}1.52%$ germination within a short period of time ($9.52{\pm}0.89d$ MTG). However, the complete removal of seed coat without damaging to embryo is a difficult task. An alternate treatment (Mechanical scarification II) by making cracks on nut faces vertically followed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hrs gave $48.4{\pm}1.73%$ germination with significantly reduced MTG ($12.14{\pm}0.56d$) over unsoaked, untreated control ($6.5{\pm}1.84%$ germination and $197.18{\pm}1.79d$ MTG; $p{\leq}0.05$). This treatment (Mechanical scarification II) is therefore recommended for E. serratus seeds as it can adopt easily and can achieve 7 fold increases in germination over control. The recorded germination through mechanical scarification is in tune with realized viability percentage of the seeds.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.75-99
• /
• 2014

A small dinoflagellate, Ansanella granifera gen. et sp. nov., was isolated from estuarine and marine waters, and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the identity of the sequences (3,663-bp product) of the small subunit (SSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2), and D1-D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA were determined. This newly isolated, thin-walled dinoflagellate has a type E eyespot and a single elongated apical vesicle, and it is closely related to species belonging to the family Suessiaceae. A. granifera has 10-14 horizontal rows of amphiesmal vesicles, comparable to Biecheleria spp. and Biecheleriopsis adriatica, but greater in number than in other species of the family Suessiaceae. Unlike Biecheleria spp. and B. adriatica, A. granifera has grana-like thylakoids. Further, A. granifera lacks a nuclear fibrous connective, which is present in B. adriatica. B. adriatica and A. granifera also show a morphological difference in the shape of the margin of the cingulum. In A. granifera, the cingular margin formed a zigzag line, and in B. adriatica a straight line, especially on the dorsal side of the cell. The episome is conical with a round apex, whereas the hyposome is trapezoidal. Cells growing photosynthetically are $10.0-15.0{\mu}m$ long and $8.5-12.4{\mu}m$ wide. The cingulum is descending, the two ends displaced about its own width. Cells of A. granifera contain 5-8 peripheral chloroplasts, stalked pyrenoids, and a pusule system, but lack nuclear envelope chambers, a nuclear fibrous connective, lamellar body, rhizocysts, and a peduncle. The main accessory pigment is peridinin. The SSU, ITS regions, and D1-D3 LSU rDNA sequences differ by 1.2-7.4%, >8.8%, and >2.5%, respectively, from those of the other known genera in the order Suessiales. Moreover, the SSU rDNA sequence differed by 1-2% from that of the three most closely related species, Polarella glacialis, Pelagodinium bei, and Protodinium simplex. In addition, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequence differed by 16-19% from that of the three most closely related species, Gymnodinium corii, Pr. simplex, and Pel. bei, and the LSU rDNA sequence differed by 3-4% from that of the three most closely related species, Protodinium sp. CCMP419, B. adriatica, and Gymnodinium sp. CCMP425. A. granifera had a 51-base pair fragment in domain D2 of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA, which is absent in the genus Biecheleria. In the phylogenetic tree based on the SSU and LSU sequences, A. granifera is located in the large clade of the family Suessiaceae, but it forms an independent clade.