• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2020

Material extrusion (ME)-type 3D printing is the most popular among the 3D printing processes. In this study, the cross-section morphologies of ME-type 3D printing manufactured specimens were observed with respect to the thermal properties of the material. The cross-section morphology of a specimen is related to the deposition strength, and the outside profile of the cross-section is related to the surface roughness. The filaments used in this study, with different thermal conductivities, were the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), the high impact polystyrene (HIPS), the glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and the polylactic acid (PLA). The cross-sections and the surfaces of the 3D manufactured specimens were examined. In ME-type 3D printing, the filaments are extruded through a nozzle and they form a layer. These layers rapidly solidify and as a result, they become a product. The thermal conductivity of the material influences the cooling and solidification of the layers, and subsequently the cross-section morphology and the surface roughness.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2017

The environmental dependence of the morphology of dwarf galaxies in isolated satellite systems is analyzed to understand the origin of the dwarf galaxy morphology using the visually classified morphological types of 5836 local galaxies with $z{\leq}0.01$. We consider six sub-types of dwarf galaxies, dS0, dE, $dE_{bc}$, dSph, $dE_{blue}$, and dI, of which the first four sub-types are considered as early-type and the last two as late-type. The environmental parameters we consider are the projected distance from the host galaxy ($r_p$), local and global background densities, and the host morphology. The spatial distributions of dwarf satellites of early-type galaxies are much different from those of dwarf satellites of late-type galaxies, suggesting the host morphology combined with $r_p$ plays a decisive role on the morphology of the dwarf satellite galaxies. The local and global background densities play no significant role on the morphology of dwarfs in the satellite systems hosted by early-type galaxies. However, in the satellite system hosted by late-type galaxies, the global background densities of dE and dSph satellites are significantly different from those of $dE_{bc}$, $dE_{blue}$, and dI satellites. The blue-cored dwarf satellites ($dE_{bc}$) of early-type galaxies are likely to be located at $r_p$ > 0.3 Mpc to keep their cold gas from the ram pressure stripping by the hot corona of early-type galaxies. The spatial distribution of $dE_{bc}$ satellites of early-type galaxies and their global background densities suggest that their cold gas is intergalactic material accreted before they fall into the satellite systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.591-592
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• 2013

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.702-705
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• 2003

Directed graph and Lindenmayer system (L-system) are two major encoding methods of representation to develop creatures in an application field of artificial life. It is difficult to structurally define real morphology using the L-systems which are a grammatical rewriting system because they represent genotype as loops, procedure calls, variables, and parameters. This paper defines a class of representations called structured directed graph and interactive genetic algorithm for automatically creating 3D flower morphology. The experimental results show that natural flower morphology can be created by the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

In this paper, we describe a fast 3D video segmentation method using mathematical morphology. The proposed 3D video segmentation algorithm is composed of intra-frame segmentation step and inter-frame segmentation step. In the intra-frame segmentation step, the first frame is segmented using the fast hierarchical segmentation method. Then, in the inter-frame segmentation step, the next frames are segmented using markers that are extracted from the difference of previous segmentation result and simplified present image. Experimental results show that the proposed method has more fast structure and is suitable for video segmentation.

• Nanomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.310-322
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• 2021

Fine control of morphology and exposed crystal facets of porous γ-Al₂O₃ is of significant importance in many application areas such as functional nanomaterials and heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, a morphology controlled in situ synthesis of Al@Al₂O₃ core-shell architecture consisting of an Al metal core and a porous γ-Al₂O₃ shell is explored based on interfacial hydrothermal reactions of an Al metal substrate in aqueous solutions of inorganic anions. It was found that the morphology and structure of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nano-crystallites grown at the Al-metal/solution interface exhibit significant dependence on temperature, type of inorganic anions (Cl^-, NO₃^-, and SO₄^2-), and acid-base environment of the synthesis solution. Different extents of the electrostatic interactions between the protonated hydroxyl groups on (010) and (001) facets of γ-AlOOH and the inorganic anions (Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-) appear to result in the preferential growth of γ-AlOOH toward specific crystallographic directions due to the selective capping of the facets by adsorption of the anions. It is hypothesized that the unique Al@Al₂O₃ core-shell architecture with controlled morphology and exposed crystal-facets of the γ-Al₂O₃ shell can provide significant intrinsic catalytic properties with enhanced heat and mass transport to heterogeneous catalysts for applications in many thermochemical reaction processes. The direct fabrication of γ-Al₂O₃ nano-crystallites from Al metal substrate with in-situ modulation of their morphologies and structures into 1D, 2D, and 3D nano-architectures explored in this work is unique and can offer significant opportunities over the conventional methods.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

This study investigated the morphological differences of P. ostreatus grown in the artificial environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, ventilation, and watering. Oyster mushroom, which was cultivated on artificial environmental condition, was shown to have different morphology of fruitbodies. The optimum $CO_2$ concentration for good morphology of P.ostreatus was 0.3%. But most fruitbody showed the morphologically low qualities in more than 0.5% of $CO_2$ concentration. In the humidity in excess of 80% at $13{\sim}16^{\circ}C$, the best morphology of P. ostreatus was investigated. The growth of fruitbodies of P. ostreatus in the ventilation system was good at the wind velocity ranging from $0.2{\sim}0.5$ fpms and expouring type. In other conditions, P. ostreatus generally showed the morphology closing to malformation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2017

The morphological characteristics of granules developing in anaerobic-anoxic (An-Ax) and anaerobic-aerobic (An-Ox) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were examined. The granules developed in the both SBRs after 200 days of laboratory operation. The average diameters of the granules were $2.2{\pm}1.7mm$ in the An-Ax SBR and $0.4{\pm}0.3mm$ in the An-Ox SBR. To determine the possible factors affecting morphology of granules a comparative analysis of various operating conditions from reference data indicated that the availability and type of electron acceptors is a key factor determining the granulation process and granular morphology.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2017

Purpose: This review focuses on the major 3-D image reconstruction techniques and their applications in plant and animal morphological analysis. Methods & Results: This paper begins with an overview of major 3-D image reconstruction techniques and their basic principles. Subsequently, their applications in plant and animal morphological analysis are reviewed. A discussion on the limitations and future research direction of 3-D imaging techniques for accurate, fast measurements and modeling of plant and animal morphological analysis follows. Conclusions: Owing to the increasing demand for plant and animal morphological analysis, the application of 3-D imaging techniques will increase in popularity among researchers and the agricultural industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.481-493
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• 2022

This study investigated process conditions for 3D printing through manufacturing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) samples under different infill conditions. Samples were prepared using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer and TPU filament. 12 infill patterns were set (2D: grid, lines, zigzag; 3D: triangles, cubic, cubic subdivision, octet, quarter cubic; 3DF: concentric, cross 3D, cross, honeycomb), with 3 infill densities (20%, 50%, 80%). Morphology, actual time/weight and compressive properties were analyzed. In morphology: it was found that, as infill density increased, the increase rate of the number of units rose for 2D and fell for 3DF. Printing time varied with the number of nozzle movements. In the 3DF case, the number of nozzle movements increased rapidly with infill density. Sample weight increased similarly. However, where the increase rate of the number of units was low, sample weight was also low. In compressive properties: compressive stress increased with infill density and stress was high for the patterns with layers of the same shape.