• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2013

Recently, various nanoparticles have been used for filler in polymer matrices. The particles of nano size are whether high or not cross-link density in polymer affects the thermal and mechanical properties of one. The properties change as a result of chemical reactions between the nanoparticles and the surface of the polymer. There are two models for nanocomposites: "repulsive interaction" and "attractive interaction" between the nanoparticles and matrix. In this study, the variation in the curing mechanism was examined when nano-size $TiO_2$ was dispersed into an epoxy (Bisphenol A, YD-128) with different curing agents. The results of this study showed that the exothermic temperature and Tg in the case of the nanoparticles used (Jeffamine) (D-180) at room temperature were reduced by an increase in the $TiO_2$ contents because of the "repulsive interaction" between the nanoparticles and the matrix. The tensile strengths were increased by increasing amounts of $TiO_2$ until 3 wt% because of a dispersion strengthening effect caused by the nanoparticles, because of the repulsive interaction. However, such tensile properties decreased at 5 wt% of $TiO_2$, because the $TiO_2$ was agglomerated in the epoxy. In contrast, in the case of the nanoparticles that used NMA and BDMA, the exothermic temperature and Tg tended to rise with increasing amounts of $TiO_2$ as a result of the "attractive interaction." This was because the same amounts of $TiO_2$ were well dispersed in the epoxy. The tensile strength decreased with an increase in the $TiO_2$ contents. In the general attractive interaction model, however, the cross-link density was higher, and tensile strength tended to increase. Therefore, for the nanoparticles that used NMA, it was difficult to conclude that the result was caused by the "attractive model."

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

결합 기반 페리다이나믹 모델은 간단한 재료 모델을 통해 취성 재료의 다양한 동적 파괴 특성을 확인할 수 있었지만, 다양한 재료 구성 모델을 표현하는데 많은 한계점이 나타났다. 특히, 절점 간 결합이 서로 독립적으로 작용하여 포아송 비가 고정되고 전단 변형이 표현되는 않는 문제점이 있다. 상태 기반 페리다이나믹 모델은 보다 일반화되고 엄밀한 재료 모델링이 가능하며, 모든 결합의 변형 정보를 통해 각 절점의 거동이 계산되기 때문에 결합 기반 모델에서 표현하지 못한 전단 변형까지도 표현 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 상태 기반 페리다이나믹 모델을 통해 재료 모델을 구성하고, 소성 흐름 법칙으로부터 재료의 완전 소성 거동을 표현할 수 있도록 간단한 재료 모델을 구성한다. 평판 수치 예제를 통해 구성된 완전 소성 재료 모델을 검증하고 응력 변형 곡선을 확인한다. 또한 비국부 접촉 모델링을 통해 서로 다른 두 물체가 충돌하는 현상을 모사하여, 화강암반 모델의 고속 충돌 파괴 해석을 수행하고 결과분석 및 실험현상과 비교한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Objectives: The effects of particulate matter and ozone on health are being reported in a number of studies. These effects are likely to be stronger on the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ and ozone on the acute health status of the elderly population. Methods: In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, the NHIS-Senior Cohort data was used. In this study of people 60 years or older in Seoul, the number of outpatient visits and ER visits between 2002 and 2013 were calculated. Each disorder and the lag effect were analyzed separately. Particulate matter and ozone were analyzed using both the single exposure model and the adjusted multi-exposure model. Results: In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with each increase of $10{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0081 times, vascular disease 1.0065 times, chronic pulmonary disease 1.0086 times, and diabetes 1.0055 times. In the multi-exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0066 times. There was a one-day lag effect and 1.0066 times increase between PM2.5 and ER visits in the multi-exposure model and 1.0057 times when adjusted for ozone (p value <0.10). There was a one-day lag effect in all multi-exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and when the particulate matter was adjusted, there was a one-day delay and 1.0143 times increase in ER visits. Conclusions: In our study, an increase in the number of outpatient and ER visits in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also produce a socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger populations and other air pollutants.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 얕은 기반암 심도 및 지진 위험도가 상대적으로 낮은 지역에서 부지의 고유주기와 입력지진파의 평균주기의 영향에 따른 전단강도 보정의 필요성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 일반적으로 널리 사용되는 Modified Kondner-Zelasko(MKZ) 모델과 함께 미소변형률뿐만 아니라 대변형률 영역에서의 응력-변형률 거동을 모사할 수 있는 General Quadratic/Hyperbolic(GQ/H) 모델을 사용하였다. 6개 부지의 다운홀 시험 자료와 평균주기가 다른 3개의 입력지진파를 사용하여 1차원 부지응답해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 입력지진파의 평균주기뿐만 아니라 부지의 고유주기에 따라 전단강도 보정 적용 유무에 따른 해석 결과의 차이가 발생했다. 부지의 고유주기의 영향을 파악하기 위해 유효최대지반가속도, 최대전단변형률 및 증폭계수와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 부지의 고유주기가 길고 연약한 지반일수록 그 차이가 더욱 커지는 것을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Background Predicting the need for post-traumatic reconstruction of lower extremity injuries remains a challenge. Due to the larger volume of cases in adults than in children, the majority of the medical literature has focused on adult lower extremity reconstruction. This study evaluates predictive risk factors associated with the need for free flap reconstruction in pediatric patients following lower extremity trauma. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective chart analysis over a 5-year period (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017) was performed, including all pediatric patients (<18 years old) diagnosed with one or more lower extremity wounds. Patient demographics, trauma information, and operative information were reviewed. The statistical analysis consisted of univariate and multivariate regression models to identify predictor variables associated with free flap reconstruction. Results In total, 1,821 patients were identified who fit our search criteria, of whom 41 patients (2.25%) required free flap reconstruction, 65 patients (3.57%) required local flap reconstruction, and 19 patients (1.04%) required skin graft reconstruction. We determined that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.134; P =0.002), all-terrain vehicle accidents (OR, 6.698; P<0.001), and trauma team activation (OR, 2.443; P=0.034) were associated with the need for free flap reconstruction following lower extremity trauma in our pediatric population. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a higher likelihood of free flap reconstruction in older pediatric patients, those involved in all-terrain vehicle accidents, and cases involving activation of the trauma team. This information can be implemented to help develop an early risk calculator that defines the need for complex lower extremity reconstruction in the pediatric population.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2022

Objective : Osteoporosis result from age-related decline in the number of osteoblast progenitors in the bone marrow. Probiotics have beneficial effects on the host, when administered in appropriate amounts. This study investigated the effects of probiotics expressing specific genes, especially the effects of genetically modified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-expressing Lactobacillus plantarum CJNU 3003 (LP) on ovariectomized rats. Methods : Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (250-300 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into four groups : the sham (control), the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis group (OVX), the OVX and LP (OVX/LP), OVX and genetically modified BMP-2-expressing LP (OVX/LP with BMP) groups. The three groups underwent bilateral OVX and two of these groups were administered two different types of LP via oral gavage daily. At 16 weeks post-OVX, blood was collected from the heart and the bilateral tibiae were extracted and were scanned by ex-vivo micro-computed tomography and stained with hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain for pathological assessment. The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), rat C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), BMP-2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL) were measured. Results : The 3D-micro-computed tomography images showed that the trabecular structure in the OVX/LP with BMP group was maintained compared with OVX and OVX/LP groups. No significant differences were detected in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, a tendency toward increased BMD, trabecular bone volume, Tb.Th, and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation was found in rats in the OVX/LP with BMP groups when compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups (p>0.05). The H&E and Masson's trichrome stained sections showed a thicker trabecular bone in the OVX/LP with BMP group compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups. There was no difference in serum levels of OC, CTX and RANKL control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). In contrast, significant differences were found in OC and CTX-1 levels between the OVX and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion : Our results showed that the expression of genetically modified BMP-2 showed inhibition effect for bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.426-434
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• 2022

Aim: This study investigates the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. It also examines whether GsRb1 can regulate these effects through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with GsRb1 (20 mM and 40 mM) for 1 h, followed by METH treatment (2 mM) for 24 h. Rats were treated with METH (2 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days for 10 days to allow CPP to be examined. GsRb1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before METH or saline. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of NR2B, ERK, P-ERK, CREB, P-CREB, and BDNF in the SH-SY5Y cells and the rats' hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: METH dose-dependently reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with 40 µM of GsRb1 increased cell viability and reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. GsRb1 also attenuated the expression of METH CPP in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Further, GsRb1 dose-dependently reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB, and BDNF in the PFC, hippocampus, and NAc of rats. Conclusion: GsRb1 regulated METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and METH-induced CPP through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF regulatory pathway. GsRb1 could be a therapeutic target for treating METH-induced neurotoxicity or METH addiction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4447-4464
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• 2023

This paper focuses on the development of a new computational model of the CNESTEN's TRIGA Mark II research reactor using the 3D continuous energy Monte-Carlo code TRIPOLI-4 (T4). This new model was developed to assess neutronic simulations and determine quantities of interest such as kinetic parameters of the reactor, control rods worth, power peaking factors and neutron flux distributions. This model is also a key tool used to accurately design new experiments in the TRIGA reactor, to analyze these experiments and to carry out sensitivity and uncertainty studies. The geometry and materials data, as part of the MCNP reference model, were used to build the T4 model. In this regard, the differences between the two models are mainly due to mathematical approaches of both codes. Indeed, the study presented in this article is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the development and the validation of the T4 model. The results obtained with the T4 model were compared to the existing MCNP reference model and to the experimental results from the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR). Different core configurations were investigated via simulations to test the computational model reliability in predicting the physical parameters of the reactor. As a fairly good agreement among the results was deduced, it seems reasonable to assume that the T4 model can accurately reproduce the MCNP calculated values. The second part of this study is devoted to the sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) studies that were carried out to quantify the nuclear data uncertainty in the multiplication factor k_eff. For that purpose, the T4 model was used to calculate the sensitivity profiles of the k_eff to the nuclear data. The integrated-sensitivities were compared to the results obtained from the previous works that were carried out with MCNP and SCALE-6.2 simulation tools and differences of less than 5% were obtained for most of these quantities except for the C-graphite sensitivities. Moreover, the nuclear data uncertainties in the k_eff were derived using the COMAC-V2.1 covariance matrices library and the calculated sensitivities. The results have shown that the total nuclear data uncertainty in the k_eff is around 585 pcm using the COMAC-V2.1. This study also demonstrates that the contribution of zirconium isotopes to the nuclear data uncertainty in the k_eff is not negligible and should be taken into account when performing S/U analysis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1992

본 연구는 치안생물군집에서 영양단계간 물질의 유동량을 파악하기 위하여 경상남도 삼천포시 신수도 연안에 서식하는 노래미의 일간섭식량을 추정하는 방법과 섭식량을 추정한 것이다. 추정식은 위만복도의 일주변화를 나타내는 수리모델로부터 유도하였다. 일간섭식량은 어류의 섭식률 또는 위배출률에 의해서 구할 수 있었으나 섭식률보다는 위배출률을 사용하여 추정하는 것이 더욱 이상적이었다. 위배출률에 의한 어체 1미당 일간섭식량을 연령군별로 보면, 0세군은 1.9856g/day였고, 1세군과 2세군은 각각 3.4725g/day와 4.4418g/day였으며, 3세군과 4세군은 각각 5.8168g/day와 7.2113g/day였다. 이 일간섭식량을 어체중량에 대한 백분율로서 나타내면, 0세군은 $9.35\%$, 1세군은 $6.65\%$, 2세군은 $5.76\%$, 3세군은 $4.72\%$, 4세군은 $5.31\%$였다. 따라서, 본 어종의 일간섭식량은 어체의 체중이 증가할수록 증가하였지만, 단위체중당 일간섭식량은 체중이 증가할 수록 감소하였다. 위배출률에 의한 연간섭식량을 보면, 생후 0.25세부터 1.0세까지는 529.98g, 생후 1.0세부터 2.0세까지는 1,269.28g, 생후 2.0세부터 3.0세까지는 1,622.76g, 생후 3.0세부터 4.0세까지는 2,125.57g 생후 4.0세부터 4.5세까지는 1,316.09g이었다. 한편, 노래미 1미가 생후 0.25세부터 4.5세까지 성장하는 동안에 섭식하는 먹이 생물의 량은 6,863.68g이었다. 위배출률에 의한 일간섭식량$(D_r)$과 어체의 평균전장(L) 또는 평균체중(W) 간의 관계식은 다음과 같다. $$Dr=0.036L^{1.702}$$, $$Dr=0.254W^{0.664}$$.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.329-352
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• 2005

자외선 영역에서 최대 세기를 보이는 라이먼 알파(121.6nm)선은 태양 채층과 전이영역의 방출선으로 지구 고층 대기 변화의 주요 원인이 되기 때문에, 태양연구에서 가장 중요한 파장대의 하나이다. 그렇지만, 이전의 라이먼 알파선의 관측은 콜로라도 대학 등 미국의 여러 대학들에서 탐사 로켓에 의해 수행된 단속적인 관측들뿐이었고, 여러 위성에 의한 관측들도 시간 분해능이 아주 떨어지는 장기 관측들뿐이었다. 그러므로 인공위성에 탑재되어 충분한 시간 분해능과 연속적인 관측이 충족될 수 있는 라이먼 알파선 태양망원경의 개발은 세계적으로도 중요한 과학적 의미를 갖고 있으며, 인공위성의 운영에 막대한 영향을 미치는 지구 고층 대기에 대한 태양 자외선 복사의 영향을 연구하기 위한 실용적인 목적도 갖고 있다. 이러한 배경에 의해 본 연구는 과학기술위성2호 탑재용 자외선 태양카메라(LIST: $Lyman-{\alpha}$ Imaging Solar Telescope)를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 system 규격결정이 이루어졌으며 광학계, 기계구조 및 전자회로의 예비 설계가 완성되었다. 또한 system requirements에 맞춰 광학계, 기계구조 및 전자회로의 예비 구조 설계가 완료되었으며 기계 구조해석 및 열해석, test plan 결정 및 verification test matrix 작성도 완료되었다. 부분별로는 상세설계가 완료되어 제작에 착수하였으며 본 탑재체의 데이터에 맞는 데이터 획득 시스템을 결정하기위한 기반 조사가 완료되었다. 과학적 운영을 위해서는 태양의 진공 자외선 복사의 연구 방향과 연구 현황 등 데이터를 수집하고, 수집된 자료로 태양에 대해 지속적인 연구가 이루어졌다 자외선 태양카메라 연구개발은 산업적인 파급효과가 큰 광학계의 설계와 비구면 광학계의 제작기술, 첨단 측광기의 기본을 이루는 CCD의 제어기술, 탑재체의 통제 제어 기술이 요구된다. 확보된 우주 탑재체 개발 기술과 결과물들은 본 사업에 적용되었던 시스템 관리 기법과 함께 향후 유사한 우주기술 사업에 이용될 수 있으며 과학적 시스템과 성과물들도 현재 정부가 지원하여 구축하고 있는 우주환경 감시 시스템에 이용될 수 있다.