• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2006

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) in articular chondrocytes regulates dedifferentiation and inflammatory responses by modulating MAP kinases. In this study, we investigated whether the Src kinase in chondrocytes regulates NO-induced dedifferentiation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Methods: Primary chondrocytes were treated with various concentrations of SNP for 24 h. The COX-2 and type II collagen expression levels were determined by immunoblot analysis, and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ was determined by using a $PGE_2$ assay kit. Expression and distribution of p-Caveolin and COX-2 in rabbit articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants were determined by immunohistochemical staining and immunocytochemical staining, respectively. Results: SNP treatment stimulated Src kinase activation in a dose-dependent manner in articular chondrocytes. The Src kinase inhibitors PP2 [4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine], a significantly blocked SNP-induced p38 kinase and caveolin-1 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, to determine whether Src kinase activation is associated with dedifferentiation and/or COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production. As expected, PP2 potentiated SNP-stimulated dedifferentiation, but completely blocked both COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production. And also, levels of p-Caveolin and COX-2 protein expression were increased in SNP-treated primary chondrocytes and osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritic cartilage, suggesting that p-Caveolin may playa role in the inflammatory responses of arthritic cartilage. Conclusion: Our previously studies indicated that NO caused dedifferentiation and COX-2 expression is regulated by p38 kinase through caveolin-1 (1). Therefore, our results collectively suggest that Src kinase regulates NO-induced dedifferentiation and COX-2 expression in chondrocytes via p38 kinase in association with caveolin-1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

This study is intended to analyze current status of costume in the cultural industry and explore feasibility of integrating costume as important cultural contents in the digital era. Among the websites for contents as the cultural archetypes, some have strong foundations while others don't. First, as for various archetypal characters restored based on the Korean history, most of their clothes focus on shapes and colors but lack details. They should be produced in 3D to provide back views or textile patterns to users. To ease understanding of the history of costume, user-friendly services such as launch of a pop-up window when users click on specific contents in question should be available for detailed information. At least there should be a link to other related sites where users can conveniently find more details. Second, some sites have too much data under one subject, increasing complexity and undermining orderliness. As a result, it takes long time to identify the site map. In this case, it is required to rearrange the contents with Quick View by subject and related links for in-depth study. Third, each subject is important to develop the archetypes for a variety of purposes. Creation of design derived from them or their commercialization can be an example but these activities should not restrict imagination of users or degrade the value of the archetypes. Last, it is needed to adopt validation system to detect the needs for a regular update (renewal) and to fix errors. We found many servers whose operation is not stable in general. When these technical issues are addressed for stable operation, users will rely on the sites to utilize them for their purpose of developing the cultural archetypes. In conclusion, advancement of www.culturecontent.com is essential. Based on efficient management and operation of the system, the quality of contents would be increased and multi-faceted advertising campaigns focusing on needs should be launched, to promote application of the contents. This is the recommendation for the future of the cultural archetype industry in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.4 s.38
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

In this paper, airborne LiDAR data were evaluated in horizontal and vertical accuracy. By using zigzag scanning type of LiDAR, GCPs are not tested directly. So points around GCPs were used in this evaluation. Building corner points were made from LiDAR's building planar and compared with ground surveyed GCPs, in horizontal accuracy test. Its accuracy shows 19cm average and 21cm RMSE and 15 points were within 20cm among 16 points. In vertical accuracy test, 41 GCPs were used and it shows 11cm average and 14cm RMSE and 75% of GCPs were within 15cm. This could be a criterion in topographic map modification and basic geographic DB and 3D data construction using airborne LiDAR data.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1029-1035
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• 2013

This paper proposes a real time lane detection algorithm using LRF (Laser Range Finder) for autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. There are many technologies for safety of the vehicles such as airbags, ABS, EPS etc. The real time lane detection is a fundamental requirement for an automobile system that utilizes outside information of automobiles. Representative methods of lane recognition are vision-based and LRF-based systems. By the vision-based system, recognition of environment for three dimensional space becomes excellent only in good conditions for capturing images. However there are so many unexpected barriers such as bad illumination, occlusions, and vibrations that the vision cannot be used for satisfying the fundamental requirement. In this paper, we introduce a three dimensional lane detection algorithm using LRF, which is very robust against the illumination. For the three dimensional lane detections, the laser reflection difference between the asphalt and lane according to the color and distance has been utilized with the extraction of feature points. Also a stable tracking algorithm is introduced empirically in this research. The performance of the proposed algorithm of lane detection and tracking has been verified through the real experiments.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a real-time two-dimensional bar code detection system even at long range using a vision technique. We first perform short-range detection, and then long-range detection if the short-range detection is not successful. First, edge map generation, image binarization, and connect component labeling (CCL) are performed in order to select a region of interest (ROI). After interpolating the selected ROI using bilinear interpolation, a location symbol pattern is detected as the same as for short-range detection. Finally, the symbol pattern is arranged by applying inverse perspective transformation to localize bar codes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully detects bar codes at two or three times longer distance than existing ones even at indoor environment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.565-570
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• 2006

The viviparous germination (VG) with lodging caused the yield reduction and quality deterioration in rice. We carried out the evaluation of VG tolerance (on the 40th day after heading) and mapping QTLs associated with VG tolerance using the recombinant inbred lines (M/G RILs) from a cross between Milyang 23 (japonica/indica) and Gihobyeo (japonica). The VG rates of Milyang 23 and Gihobyeo were 0.0 and 7.0%, respectively. The averaged VG rate of 162 M/G RILs was 7.7%, and their range was from 0.0 to 50.9%. Of the 162 RILs, 144 lines were tolerant less than 10%, and 18 lines were susceptible more than 10%. Using the M/G RIL Map, three QTLs associated with the viviparous trait were detected on chromosome 2 (qVG 2-1 and qVG 2-2) and 8 (qVG 8). qVG 2-1 was linked to RM 32D and RZ 166, and had LOD score of 2.97. qVG 2-2 was tightly linked to E13M59.119-Pl and E13M59.M003-P2, and showed higher LOD score of 3.41. qVG 8 was linked to RM33 and TCT116, and had LOD score of 2.67. The total phenotypic variance explained by the three QTLs was about 24.4% of the total variance in the population. The detection of new QTLs associated with VG tolerance will provide important informations for the seed dormancy, low temperature germination, or comparative genetics.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

This paper is about a serious game controlled by EEG and motion capture. We developed our game for 2 users competitive and its method is as follows. One player uses a controlling interface using EEG signals based on the premise that the player's facial movements are a depiction of the player's emotion and intensity throughout the game play. The other player uses a controlling interface using kinect's motion capture technology which captures the player's vertical and lateral movements as well as state of running. The game shows the first player's EEG as a real-time graphic along the map on the game screen. The player will then be able to pace himself based on these visualization graphics of his brain activities. This results in higher concentration for the player throughout the game for a better score in the game. In addition, the second player will be able to improve his physical abilities since the game action is based on real movements from the player.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2004

There is a growing concern about the possible increase in inter-annual variation of minimum temperature during the winter season in Korea. This view is strengthened by frequently reported freezing injury to dormant fruit trees, while warmer winters have prevailed recently. The January minimum temperature record at fourteen weather stations was analyzed for 1951-2000. The results showed no evidence of increasing standard deviation at 3 locations between 1951-1980 and 1971-2000, while the remaining 11 stations showed a trend of decreasing standard deviation for the two periods. An empirical model explaining the spatial variation of the standard deviation was derived by regression analysis of 56 stations' data for 1971-2000. Daily minimum temperature and the site elevation may account for 68% of the observed variations. We applied this model to restore the average standard deviation of the January minimum temperature for 1971-2000, and the result was used to produce gridded minimum temperature data for the recurrence interval of 10 and 30 years at 250m resolution. A digital form of the plant hardiness zone map may be developed from this product for site-specific selection of adapted plant species.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.426-428
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• 2003

Optical and microwave remote sensing data have been widely used in land cover and land use classification. Thanks to the spectral absorption characteristics of ground object in visible and near infrared region, optical data enables to extract different land cover types according to their material composition like water body, vegetation cover or bare land. On the other hand, microwave sensor receives backscatter radiance which contains information on surface roughness, object density and their 3-D structure that are very important complementary information to interpret land use and land cover. Separate use of these data have brought many successful results in practice. However, the accuracy of the land use / land cover established by this methodology still has some problems. One of the way to improve accuracy of the land use / land cover classification is just combination of both optical and microwave data in analysis. In this paper for the research, the author used LANDSAT TM scene 127/45 acquired on October 21, 1992, JERS-1 SAR scene 119/265 acquired on October 27, 1992 and aerial photographs taken on October 21, 1992. The study area has been selected in Hanoi City and surrounding area, Vietnam. This is a flat agricultural area with various land use types as water rice, secondary crops like maize, cassava, vegetables cultivation as cucumber, tomato etc. mixed with human settlement and some manufacture facilities as brick and ceramic factories. The use of only optical or microwave data could result in misclassification among some land use features as settlement and vegetables cultivation using frame stages. By combination of multitemporal JERS-1 SAR and TM data these errors have been eliminated so that accuracy of the final land use / land cover map has been improved. The paper describes a methodology for data combination and presents results achieved by the proposed approach.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.661-670
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• 2019

In this study, we constructed a model of an area where the production and production amount of wild vegetables which are designated as short term income forest products for the whole country are self-sufficient for the representative Eastern Braken fern(Pteridium aquilinum)and Edible aster(Aster scaber). The difference between the existing cultivation site and the model result was examined, and the distribution of the cultivable area was simulated according to the near future climate change by the 2050s. The degree of agreement between the cultivated area and the actual native area was very low at 14.5% for Eastern Braken fern and 12.9% for Edible aster. Using the Maxent model, which has already been proven by many research examples, the cultivation maps through the model can guarantee statistical accuracy by considering many variables. To analyze future location changes, the RCP 4.5 scenario and the RCP 8.5 scenario were applie Edible aster d to predict potential future cultivable areas and compare them to the present. There was no decrease in the cultivable area due to climate change nationwide. However, in the RCP 8.5 scenario for Eastern Braken fern and the RCP 4.5 scenario for Edible aster, declining areas such as Gangwon-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do showed prominence according to the scenarios. The result of this study suggests that various models can be used for the production of short-term forest productivity maps and it will be used as a climate change impact assessment data for competitive forest products considering the influence of future climate change.