• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to determine the suitable point of sale and consumption of different quality grade (QG) Hanwoo short loin during aging period, based on physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological quality. Short loins obtained from the carcasses of 13 Hanwoo steers and 2 bulls with 5 different QGs (1++, 1+, 1, 2, and 3) were analyzed over 28 d. QG and aging time had significant effect on water holding capacity, color, shear force, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content, and sensory traits. Higher QG groups generally exhibited a lower shear force, nucleotide content, and water holding capacity, and higher $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values. Acceptable tenderness (shear force <5.4 kg) in QG 1++, 1+, 1, and 2 was achieved on days 7, 14, 16, and 18, respectively, and QG 3 showed a shear force of 6.8 kg, even after 28 d. Regardless of QG, TVBN content below threshold levels (20-30 mg%) was observed throughout the 28 d aging period, while total plate counts above 7 Log CFU/g were seen at 21 d. In conclusion, it is recommended that Hanwoo beef with QG 1++, 1+, and intermediate QG (1 and 2) should be sold or consumed between 7 and 21, 14 and 21, 16 and 21 d, respectively. Beef with QG 3 should be sold or consumed within 21 d, based on microbial growth, even though it has not achieved desirable tenderness. For this reason, an additional tenderizing process is recommended before this beef is ready for consumption.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2019

최근 3D 프린팅 기술은 산업적인 응용분야의 확대를 위해 다양한 복합소재의 적용이 연구되고 있다. 기존 3D 프린팅 기술은 대부분 플라스틱 소재 위주로 개발되어 왔으며, 세라믹 소재의 경우 물리적, 화학적으로 우수한 물성을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 상대적으로 3D 프린팅 적용을 위한 연구개발이 초기 단계에 머무르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 DLP(digital light processing) 3D프린팅 공정에 적용을 위해 다양한 입도의 실리카를 기반으로 광경화성 복합소재를 합성하였다. 다양한 적층 방식의 3D 프린팅 기술 중에서 DLP 3D 프린팅 방식은 광경화성 수지에 빛을 조사하여 3차원 기물을 제조하는 기술로 정밀도가 우수하고 다양한 소재 적용성이 높다. 합성된 실리카 복합소재의 충진율에 따른 유변학적 거동분석을 통하여 DLP 3D 프린팅 적용가능성을 확인하였고, 원활하게 적층조형이 잘 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. 3D 프린팅된 시편의 인쇄 정확도는 디자인과 약 3 % 미만의 차이를 나타내었고, 실리카 입자의 충진율이 80 wt%일 때 34.3 MPa의 강도를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2015

Cocoa pod is among the by-products of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations. The aim of this study was to apply a number of treatments in order to improve nutritional quality of cocoa pod for feeding of ruminants. Cocoa pod was subjected to different treatments, i.e. C (cocoa pod without any treatment or control), CAm (cocoa pod+1.5% urea), CMo (cocoa pod+3% molasses), CRu (cocoa pod+3% rumen content) and CPh (cocoa pod+3% molasses+Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum). Analysis of proximate and Van Soest's fiber fraction were performed on the respective treatments. The pods were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility evaluation by incubation in rumen fluid-buffer medium, employing a randomized complete block design (n = 3 replicates). Further, an in vivo evaluation of the pods (35% inclusion level in total mixed ration) was conducted by feeding to young Holstein steers (average body weight of $145{\pm}3.6kg$) with a $5{\times}5$ latin square design arrangement (n = 5 replicates). Each experimental period lasted for 30 d; the first 20 d was for feed adaptation, the next 3 d was for sampling of rumen liquid, and the last 7 d was for measurements of digestibility and N balance. Results revealed that lignin content was reduced significantly when cocoa pod was treated with urea, molasses, rumen content or P. chrysosporium (p<0.01) with the following order of effectiveness: CPh>CAm>CRu>CMo. Among all treatments, CAm and CPh treatments significantly improved the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05) of cocoa pod. Average daily gain of steers receiving CAm or CPh treatment was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.01) with an increase of 105% and 92%, respectively. Such higher daily gain was concomitant with higher N retention and proportion of N retention to N intake in CAm and CPh treatments than those of control (p<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that treatment with either urea or P. chrysosporium is effective in improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.340-345
• /
• 2017

당근 잎에는 뿌리와 마찬가지로 다양한 영양성분이 함유되어 있어 앞으로 당근 잎의 필요성이 더욱 증대될 것이다. 본 연구는 수경재배로 온실에서의 당근 잎의 연중 재배 가능성과 생육에 적합한 배양액의 조성 및 농도를 구명하고자 고온기와 저온기로 나누어 수행되었다. 배양액은 식물체내 다량원소의 적정 함량기준으로 개발한 당근 전용배양액($NO_3-N:16.0$, $NH_4-N:1.0$, P:1.0, K:11.0, Ca:2.0, Mg:1.0, $SO_4-S:1.0mM{\cdot}L^{-1}$)을 사용하였다. 배양액은 고온기(2015년 7월 29일부터 9월 8일)에는 개발된 당근 전용 배양액 농도 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 그리고 $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 처리하였으며, 대조구로 일본원예시험장 배양액농도 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 처리하여 생육을 비교하였다. 저온기(2015년 12월 31일부터 2016년 2월 29일)에는 개발 배양액 1.0, 2.0, 그리고 $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 처리하여 생육을 비교하였다. 생육조사 항목은 지하부의 생체중과 건물중, 지상부의 생체중과 건물중 및 엽수, 엽면적을 조사하였다. 고온기 재배 기간 동안, 엽면적과 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 배양액 농도 1.0과 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 좋았다. 지하부의 당도는 배양액 농도 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 높았으며, 엽록소 함량은 배양액 농도 $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 높았다. 저온기 재배 기간 동안, 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 배양액 농도 1.0과 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 지상부에서 당도와 엽록소 함량은 배양액 농도에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 결과적으로 생육과 품질적인 면에서 볼 때 고온기와 저온기 재배에서는 배양액 농도 1.0과 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 좋으나, 비료 투입적인 경영측면에서 배양액 농도 $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$에서 재배하는 것이 좋은 방법이라 판단되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1458-1465
• /
• 2010

A lot of dredging and reclaming projects are recently under way in Korea for the efficient use of limiting land space. Saemanguem area is special case of reclaiming by dredged soil. In case of a confined disposal of dredged soils by a pump dredger, generally coarse grained soils are separated from fines with dropping at the near part of the pump dredger. This kind of seperation of fine contents could be a factor of liquefaction by earthquake. In Korea, recently, earthquakes with magnitude of 3.0 or higher are distinctively increasing in 1990. In this study, cyclic shear characterics of Saemanguem Dredged sand depending on fine content were analyzed. A series of undrained cyclic triaxial test with cyclic stress ratio ($\sigma_d/{2\sigma_{{\upsilon}c}}'$) were performed on both isotropic consolidated specimen and sand with fine contents of 0%, 5%, 15%, 30%, 40% under the effective vertical stress of 100kPa and 50% and 60%, 70% of relative density for fine content of 0%, respectively. In the test results, cyclic shear strength increased by increasing of cyclic stress ratio($\sigma_d/{2\sigma_{{\upsilon}c}}'$) with increasing the relative density at the same number of cyclic under the effective confining pressure of 100kPa. It is almost highest the double amplitude(DA) 1%, 3%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% at fine content of 15% between Cyclic stress ratio($\sigma_d/{2\sigma_{{\upsilon}c}}'$) value at cyclic number five and fine content. Number of cyclic is 30 under the effective vertical stress of 100kPa, 70% of relative density for fine content of 15%. when the cyclic stress ratio at each relative density was compared at cyclic number five, the double amplitude(DA) 1%, 3%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and the pore-pressure ratio (${\Delta}u/{\sigma'}_c$) 0.95 value were compared; under the relative density of 70% and the effective confining pressure of 100kPa. The pore-pressure ratio (${\Delta}u/{\sigma'}_c$) 0.95 value showed a similar trend to the double amplitude (DA) 5% line.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내산 고려엉겅퀴를 건강기능식품 소재로 활용시 기초자료 제공하고자 주요 산지별 pectolinarin 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH라디칼 소거능 및 ORAC 지수 등을 분석하였다. 산지별 고려엉겅퀴의 pectolinarin 함량은 $3.95{\pm}0.05{\sim}7.29{\pm}0.07mg/g$로 강원도 D농장(GW-D)에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 산지별로 $40.42{\pm}0.91{\sim}76.70{\pm}2.24mg\;PNE/g$ 수준으로 전라남도 A농장(JN-A) 추출물에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고 강원도 A농장(GW-A) 추출물에서($40.42{\pm}0.91mg\;PNE/g$)로 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우, 산지별로 31.25% ~ 81.93%의 활성을 보였고, ORAC 지수는 산지별로 $179.62{\sim}514.49{\mu}M\;TE/g$로 강원도 D농장(GW-D)과 강원도 E농장(GW-E)에서 각각 514.49, $501.73{\mu}M\;TE/g$ 으로 가장 높은 ORAC 수치를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 고려엉겅퀴 추출물은 pectolinarin과 유용성분을 함유하고 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 ORAC 활성 등의 항산화활성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.1090-1094
• /
• 2007

Melittin (ME), a linear 26-residue non-cell-selective antimicrobial peptide, displays strong lytic activity against bacterial and human red blood cells. To design ME analogue with improved cell selectivity, we synthesized a melittin diastereomer (ME-D) with D-amino acid in the leucine zipper sequence (Leu-6, Lue-13 and Ile-20). Compared to ME, ME-D exhibited the same or 2-fold higher antibacterial activity but 8-fold less hemolytic activity. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that ME-D has much less $\alpha$-helical content in $\alpha$-helical content in the presence of zwitterionic EYPC/cholesterol (10 : 1, w/w) liposomes compared to negatively charged EYPE/EYPG (7 : 3, w/w) liposomes. The blue shift of the fluorescence emission maximum of ME-D in zwitterionic EYPC/cholesterol (10 : 1, w/w) liposomes was much smaller than in negatively charged EYPE/EYPG (7 : 3, w/w) liposomes. These results suggested that the improvement in therapeutic index/cell selectivity of ME-D is correlated with its less permeability to zwitterionic membranes.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.1085-1094
• /
• 2016

In this work, we present interactive automultiscopic content with mobile surface haptics for multimodal interaction. Our system consists of a 40-view automultiscopic display and a tablet supporting surface haptics in an immersive room. Animated graphics are projected onto the walls of the room. The 40-view automultiscopic display is placed at the center of the front wall. The haptic tablet is installed at the mobile station to enable the user to interact with the tablet. The 40-view real-time rendering and multiplexing technology is applied by establishing virtual cameras in the convergence layout. Surface haptics rendering is synchronized with three-dimensional (3D) objects on the display for real-time haptic interaction. We conduct an experiment to evaluate user experiences of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the system's multimodal interaction provides positive user experiences of immersion, control, user interface intuitiveness, and 3D effects.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 전남지역 시군에서 생산, 유통되고 있는 브랜드쌀의 품질평가를 실시하여 연차간 변이와 유통쌀의 품질에 미치는 요인을 분석하고자 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전남의 연중 브랜드쌀 품질 변이는 도요윤기치 3.1%, 백도 2.1%, 단백질함량 1.6%, 수분함량 1.0%, 완전미율 0.4% 순으로 컸고 4월 이후부터 품질특성이 저하되었다. 2. 연차별 브랜드쌀 품질 변이는 단백질함량(5.6%), 도요윤기치(5.2%)가 컸고 백도(2.7%), 완전미율(1.8%)은 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 식미치와 단백질함량은 최저기온, 일조시간, 강수량, 일교차와 높은 상관을 보였고 완전미율은 일교차와 부의 상관을, 분상질립율은 강수량과 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. 4. 단백질함량, 수분함량, 백도, 완전미율 등 밥맛과 상관이 높은 항목을 이용한 식미추정회귀식 산정 결과 y = - 6.71a + 2.27b + 1.29c + 0.51d - 15.34 ($R^2$=0.51*)이었으며 이 때 y는 관능식미, a는 단백질함량(%), b는 수분함량(%), c는 백도, d는 완전미율(%)이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of citron peel powder(OJ 0/0, 0.60/0, 0.9 %) on proximate composition, minerals, vitamin A, C content and fatty acid composition of emulsion-type sausages. The moisture content of sausage containing 0.3% citron peel powder were significantly(P< 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The crude fat content of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly( P< 0.05) lower compared to those for control. The crude ash content of sausage containing 0.9% citron peel powder were significantly(P< 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The minerals, vitamin A and C content of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly(P < 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The palmitic acid(CI6: 0) and linoleic acid(CI8: 2) content of sausage containing citron peel powder were higher compared to those for control, but the palmitoleic acid(CI6: I) content of sausage containing 0.9% citron peel powder were lower. The total saturated fatty acid content of sausage containing 0.3% citron peel powder were significantly(P < 0.05) lower compared to those for control.