• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 1995

The Purposes of this study were to examine plasma homovanillic acid(pHVA) levels and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(pHIAA) levels in schizophrenics during haloperidol treatment, and to assess the association of pHVA and pHIM levels with their psychopathology and treatment responses. Fourteen patients entered the study and pHVA, pHIAA levels were measured at baseline, first week, second week and fourth week during treatment. Also, plasma haloperidol levels were measured at first week, second week and fourth week. Psychopathology was evaluated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week and 4th week. 1) There were significant differences on the duration of illness and total BPRS scores at baseline between higher pHVA group(baseline pHVA level >7.72ng/mL) and lower pHVA group(baseline pHVA level <7.72ng/mL). 2) There was no significant difference on the duration of illness between higher pHIM group(baseline pHIAA level >3.18ng/mL). and lower pHIAA group(baseline pHIAA level <3.18ng/mL). 3) The Means of pHVA levels at 1 st week and 2nd week after treatment decreased significantly in the higher pHVA group and did not change in the lower pHVA group. 4) In the higher pHIAA group, the mean of pHIAA levels at 4th week after treatment decreased significantly, but did not change in the lower pHIAA group. 5) Between the higher pHIVA group and lower pHVA group, the response rates(percentile improvement) after treatment were not different from each other, but there was significant difference on the response rate between the lower pHIAA group and higher pHIM group at 2nd week. 6) There was significant correlation between total BPRS scores and pHVA levels in the higher pHVA group during treatment. The results suggest that repeated measurement of pHVA levels and pHIAA levels following antipsychotic treatment have prognostic significance for response. Also, shcizophrenics whose have relatively nigh levels of pHVA, or relatively low levels of pHIAA before treatment will show a favorable early responses to antipsychotics.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 1999

Objective: This study was performed to compare the clinical response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) according to the size of baseline ovarian cyst. Method: From February 1992 to March 1999, a retrospective analysis was done of 272 cases who underwent COH using mid-luteal phase long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) for IVF-ET. These cases were divided into four group; group 1 (n=63) had cysts with mean diameters between 20.0 and 29.0 mm on their baseline ultrasound on cycle day 3, group 2 (n=57, $30.0{\sim}49.0mm$), group 3 (n=68, >50.0 mm) and control group (n=84). Cases were excluded according to the following criteria; pure male factor infertility, the presence of only one ovary, high CA-125 level and previous endometriosis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter and control group in any of the parameters. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst>50.0 mm in mean diameter needed more amount of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), showed significantly lower estradiol ($E_2$) level, the number of follicle >15.0 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, and pregnancy rate compared with control group. Conclusion: This study suggests that cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter do not adversely impact on IVF-ET outcome. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst >50.0 mm in diameter had adverse effects on various parameters. Therefore, to improve the outcome of IVF-ET in these cases, ovarian cyst aspiration prior to initiating COH may be required.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2013

Objectives : We assessed the availability of Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) for the evaluation of the pharmacological effect in autistic disorder. Methods : A retrospective review of the medical records of 27 children with autistic disorder, who visited the department of child and adolescent psychiatry of Kyungpook National University Hospital, from October 2011 to February 2013, was conducted. After treatment with risperidone, changes in the severity and improvement of symptoms were measured using ABC at the baseline, 2nd visit and 3rd visit, respectively. Results : The mean daily dose of risperidone increased from $0.66{\pm}0.27mg$ (baseline, initial dose) to $1.02{\pm}0.50mg$, 2nd visit, and $1.19{\pm}0.50mg$, 3rd visit. According to ABC, irritability, lethargy, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech subscale scores decreased significantly from the baseline to 2nd visit. Irritability and Hyperactivity subscale scores decreased significantly from the 2nd to 3rd visit. All subscales and total scores of ABC decreased significantly from the baseline to 3rd visit. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that ABC can be used as an efficient tool to measure the symptoms of autistic disorder and to evaluate the medication effect on continuous treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1998

In year 1996, the National Geography Institute(NGI) carried out a National Fundamental Network survey. A total of 220 baselines between 31 stations were occupied that the baseline length is 40 km-120 km(mean 67.4 km). A minimally constrained network adjustment with three dimensional baseline vectors, was carried out holding geocentric ITRF94 coordinates of the station SUWON which are determined by eccentric observations from the VLBI station. This paper shows KTRF94 coordinates of fundamental stations which accuracies are estimated 1 cm in horizontal and 3 cm in vertical. Also, the coordinates are compared to WGS84 and/or KGS95.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2010

Objectives: Prehypertension is associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension compared with normotension. Yet, factors predicting the development of hypertension among prehypertensive people are ill-understood. This prospective cohort study was performed to examine if serum gamma-glutamyltrasferase (GGT) within a normal range can predict the future risk of hypertension among prehypertensive adults. Methods: Study subjects were 293 prehypertensive persons >30-years-of-age who participated in a community-based health survey in 2003 and who were followed up in 2008. Sex-specific quartiles of baseline serum GGT were used to examine association with 5-year hypertension incidence. Results: Baseline serum GGT within normal range predicted the risk of developing hypertension for 5 years only in prehypertensive women. Adjusted relative risks were 1.0, 3.7, 3.6, and 6.0 according to quartiles of baseline serum GGT (P for trend <0.01). This pattern was similarly observed in non-drinkers. However, serum GGT was not associated with incident hypertension in men. Different from serum GGT, baseline serum alanine aminotransferase, another well-known liver enzyme, did not predict the risk of incident hypertension in both genders. Conclusions: Even though baseline serum GGT within normal range strongly predicted the future risk of hypertension, it was observed only in women, Although underlying mechanisms of this association are currently unclear, serum GGT can be used to select a high risk group of hypertension in prehypertensive women.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.437-447
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• 2010

Obejectives : To investigate the clinical effect of electroacupuncture and bee venom acupuncture for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) symptoms. Methods : Among 39 outpatients who were treated at a BPH clinic, 8 were finally selected for analysis by charts-review, retrospectively. They were treated by electroacupuncture and bee venom acupuncture more than 3 times. We estimated the effectiveness of the treatments by using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and checking their nocturia frequency. On the basis of these variables, we analyzed the statistical significations of symptom improvements. Results : Among 8 patients, the IPSS and nocturia frequency showed significant improvement after the final treatment compared with baseline (P = .0078, P = .0078). The IPSS significantly decreased even after the 1st treatment and also after the 2nd treatment compared with the baseline (P = .0078, P = .0078). The IPSS at post final-treatment, post 1st- and post 2nd treatment also showed significant improvement compared with IPSS at baseline in 6 severe symptomatic patients(P = .031, P = .031, P = .031). Nocturia frequency decreased after the 1st treatment compared with baseline and showed significant improvement between baseline and post 2nd treatment (P = .0078). Conclusions : In a retrospective and cross-sectional study investigating the clinical effects of electroacupuncture and bee venom acupuncture on BPH, these treatments proved to have significant therapeutic effects, particularly for various symptoms involving frequent nocturia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1999

This study was performed to determine the significance of a baseline ovarian cyst on the response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and the outcome of IVF-ET. One hundred one patients who underwent IVF-ET were enrolled in this study. The outcome of 31 patients, who had an ovarian cyst of >10mm detected at ultrasound examination performed on day 3, was compared with that of 70 patients who underwent a similar protocol and did not have an ovarian cyst. E2 level on the day of hCG administration, the number of follicles, the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of embryo transferred and the pregnancy rate were evaulated. The E2 level on the day of hCG adminstration and the number of mature oocytes retrieved were lower in the group with a baseline cyst. The pregnancy rate also was significantly lower in the group with a cyst (21% versus 38%). Therefore a baseline ovarian cyst on cycle day 3 was associated with a poorer outcome after IVF-ET.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

To study oceanic and meteorological problems related to climate change, Korea has been operating several ocean research stations (ORSs). In 2011, the Gageocho ORS was attacked by Typhoon Muifa, and its structural members and several observation devices were severely damaged. After this event, the Gageocho ORS was rehabilitated with 5 m height to account for 100-yr extreme wave height, and the vibration measurement system was equipped to monitor the structural vibrational characteristics including natural frequencies and modal damping ratios. In this study, a mass reallocation method is presented for structural model updating of the Gageocho ORS based on the experimentally identified natural frequencies. A preliminary finite element (FE) model was constructed based on design drawings, and several of the candidate baseline FE models were manually built, taking into account the different structural conditions such as corroded thickness. Among these candidate baseline FE models, the most reasonable baseline FE model was selected by comparing the differences between the identified and calculated natural frequencies; the most suitable baseline FE model was updated based on the identified modal properties, and by using the pattern search method, which is one of direct search optimization methods. The mass reallocation method is newly proposed as a means to determine the equivalent mass quantities along the height and in a floor. It was found that the natural frequencies calculated based on the updated FE model was very close to the identified natural frequencies. In conclusion, it is expected that these results, which were obtained by updating a baseline FE model, can be useful for establishing the reference database for jacket-type offshore structures, and assessing the structural integrity of the Gageocho ORS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a mouthwash containing potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) as its main component, along with sodium fluoride (NaF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The primary endpoint was the relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) against the cold stimuli. The effects on other DH tests and periodontal inflammation were also evaluated. Methods: We used a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design. A total of 82 patients with DH (40 in the test group, 42 placebo controls) were analyzed using visual analog scales (VASs) for a cold test, a tactile test, a compressive air test, and self-reported pain during daily activities, as well as clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), gingival recession, and probing depth, which were collected at baseline and after four and six weeks of mouthwash use. Results: VAS scores for cold sensations, tactile sensations, the compressive air test, and self-reported pain significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks in both groups (P<0.01), and no significant differences between the groups were found. In male patients (10 in the test group and 7 in the control group), both groups showed significant reductions in VAS scores for the cold test over the six weeks, and greater reductions were found in the test group than in the control group between four and six weeks (P=0.01) and between baseline and six weeks (P<0.01). In addition, the mSBI in the test group significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks (P<0.01), and the changes at four and six weeks from baseline were significantly greater in the test group compared to the control group (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A mouthwash containing a mixture of $KNO_3$, NaF, and CPC reduced DH and gingival inflammation, however, the efficacy was comparable to the control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.