• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of seafood dining consumer behavior by demographic characteristics (age, gender). This research surveyed 251 people in Busan, Korea. t-test, one-way ANOVA, and MDS were used to identify the difference of consumer behavior by demographics. The result of the research revealed the difference between demographic characteristics and seafood dining consumption. 20's showed to accept the trendy dining culture represented by salmon, sushi and shrimp, and 30's also have similar tendency. 40's have higher spending tendency to seafood dining like tuna restaurants. 50's and 60's showed conservative consumption propensity represented by grilled fish, braised fish and raw fish restaurants. In gender analysis, male have higher frequency than female about grilled eel. In the future, the seafood dining market would be reorganized with the expansion of sushi, salmon and shrimp dishes, which can be classified as a new dining market. In this research, we suggested fisheries supply and production strategies according to age and gender.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1974

A study was performed to investigate the degree of similarities and differences in components of craniofacial complex between Korean twins and normal children by lateral cephalometric analysis. Dimensions of S-N, S-Ba, N-Ba, Go-Me, Ar-Go and Ar-Me were against linear measurement and angles of N-S-Ba and gonial against measurement in twins and control groups. The lateral cephalograms of twin were composed of 88 twins aged from 7 to 12:44 males aged 10.65 and 44 females aged 9.55, while those of 50 normalities were composed of 25 males and 25 females aged 10.9 respectively. In order to analyze growth proportion and sexual differences, twins were divided into 3 groups according to two year age intervals and the author compared male with female in 3 groups. For the purpose of observing similarities and differences in twins and normalities by sex, total twins were compared with normalities. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There was no difference in craniofacial complex between plotted angular normalities. 2. In general, the measurements of male were larger than both twins and normalities, but there were no statistical sexual differences in both groups. 3. The growth proportion of mandible by aging was larger than that of face twins and those of female significances of in twins. 4. The growth pattern of gonial angle showed slightly reducing tendency in twins by aging. 5. There was little difference in the growth proportion of both male and female.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 2017

A 21-year-old male visited our emergency room. He could not remember the mechanism of injury. He was found beside a motorcycle. Initial vital sign was stable. Observation and conservative treatment were planned at the intensive care unit (ICU). On the third day at ICU, he complained sudden flank pain. It was colicky and hard to control. Without the pain, he had no specific symptom, sign, or laboratory findings. On computed tomography, renal pelvis was filled with hematoma which induced hydronephrosis. Double-J catheter and percutaneous nephrostomy was implemented by an intervention radiologist. Hematome in the renal pelvis was aspirated during the procedure. Symptom of the patient was subsided after the procedure. He was discharged without specific complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.465-474
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, nutritional status, and serum copper and zinc concentrations of adolescent athletes. 50 high school adolescent athletes (29 male, 21 female) took part in physical education high school and 47 high school adolescent non-athletes (21 male, 26 female) in general high school. Questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, 24-hour dietary recalls and blood analysis were conducted. In the males, the mean height, weight and body fat percents of athletes and non-athletes were 174.0/172.9 cm, 67.4/68.3 kg, and 8.9/20.0% (p<0.001) respectively. In the females, the mean height, weight and body fat percents of athletes and non-athletes were 163.7/159.3 cm (p<0.01), 58.7/55.7 kg (p<0.05), and 18.6/30.1 % (p<0.001) respectively. In both male and female athletes, intakes of animal fat were significantly higher and intakes of vitamin C were significantly lower than those of non-athletes. There was no significantly difference in zinc and copper intakes between athlete and non-athlete groups. The average serum zinc level of male athletes was significantly lower than that of male non-athlete. The average serum copper levels of male and female athletes were significantly lower than those of male and female non-athletes. Based on these results, exercise may effect on zinc and copper utilization of adolescent. Further studies on zinc and copper nutrition of adolescent athletes were needed to understand more mineral nutrition and exercise.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 1997

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids in middle-aged korean male and female workers. One hundred sixty eight(male ;105, female ;63) for adult aged 30-59yr(average age male ;36.5yr, female ;44.5yr) were selected as subjects during 2 months, from April to May, 1996. Nutrients intake status was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows: 1. Nutrients intake status ; male was superior to female. Vitamin A intakes of 40-49yr group were inferior to other group but amounts of intake were above Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances), Intakes of calcium and vitamin C of 30-39yr and over 50yr group in female were below Korean RDA. In overweights group of male and underweight group of female, most nutrients intake were increased than other groups. 2. Antropometric assessments ; female was higher than male in BMI (body mass index). All subjects increasingly with age were increased in BMI. 3. Blood components were above normal range in triglyceride in both sexes and all subjects increasingly with age were increased In level of serum lipids and blood pressure, especially in male's forty and in female's fifty were higher than other groups In serum lipids and blood pressure. In overweights group, serum lipids and blood pressure had a significantly($\alpha$=0.05) increasing tendency in both sexes. 4. Serum lipids and connected factors; atherogenic index correlated positively with triglyceride, total-chol(total cholesterol), LDL-chol(low density-lipoprotein cholesterol) and negatively with HDL-chol(high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol) significantly(P＜0.001). Systolic blood pressure correlated positively with total-chol and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with total-chol, LDL-chol significantly(P＜0.05). 5. Serum lipids and nutrients intake status: energy correlated positively(P＜0.05) with BMI, dietary fiber correlated positively with LDL-chol(P＜0.05), calcium correlated positively with triglyceride, atherogenic index and dietary fiber correlated negatively with BMI in male significantly(P＜0.05). Triglyceride correlated positively with vitamin C and phosphorus correlated negatively with BMI in female significantly(P＜0.05). Above results, in male's forty and in female's fifty were liable to variation in terms of serum lipids and blood pressure. As increasing triglyceride, total-chol, LDL-chol and decreasing HDL-chol Increased atherogenic index that suggest increasing risk of atherosclerosis. But, this point will be considered more subdivided study.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

Objective : To find risk factor and symptoms for transferred newborn from postpartum care center Method : We performed a follow-up study using medical record. Subjects comprised 188 neonates(include 4 twins) and 184 women in childbed who were hospitalized in oriental postpartum care center from January, 1, 2002 to December, 31, 2002. Result: Transferred newborn was total 24, N.V.D. 17, C.S. 7, male and female were 12 separately. The symptom of transfer was fever(16), diarrhea(4), jaundice(3), convulsion(1) Transferred number and rate was male 12(10.7%), female 12(15.8%). In delivery method, total normal vaginal delivery(N.V.D.) was 136 and transferred 17(12.5%), total cesarean section(C.S.) was 52 and transferred 7(13.5%). Transferred rank was N.V.D. female(17.9%). C.S. male(15.6%), C.S. female(10%), N.V.D.(8.6%). Of the 188 neonates. immature infants were 2 and transferred 1(50%), term infants were 184, transferred 23(12.5%), post-term infants were 2 and transferred none(0%). In age of women in childbed, transferred ratio was 15.4%(over 35), 15.2%(25-29), 10.5%(30-34). In fever,. C.S. infants were more transferred than N.V.D. and male infant had a tendency to transfer in later period of hospitalization and female in early period. It seems that transfer was related to abortion. In diarrhea, all was N.V.D. and their diagnosis was rotavirus. The average age of women in childbed was yonger(28.5). In jaundice, all was 1st, and average birth weight was lighter(3153g). The average age of women in childbed was older(30). In convulsion, birth weight was lighter(3153g), and age of women in childbed was older(30). Conclusion : There's any relation with sex and delivery method, birth weight and mother's age in transfer. But we cannot find any statistically significance. Further prospective studies are needed to find risk factors in transfer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

This study is to investigate the effects of the physical activity and intake of improved food levels on male body compositions. Forty men were assigned to a percentage of body fat (PBF) group (20 men with physical exercise and food) and CONTROL group (20 men with exercise, food intake is free) for this six-month study. An aerobic capacity test to measure maximum oxygen consumption ($VO_2$ max) was performed to precisely determine the exercise intensities during the experimental conditions. After exercise and food control, the body weight of 20s with exercise and food (A) and only exercise (B) decreased about 2.3 kg and 0.4 kg after 6 months, respectively. If the p-values were 0.697(between baseline and 3 months), 0.535(between 3 months and 6 months), and 0.617(between baseline and 6 months), respectively, then 20s men had evidence of that a significant main effect does not exist amongst the observations of the outcome or within-weights. Their skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of both groups increased slightly through exercise. Although the decrease in total body weight of 30s was correlated with the increase in SMM, there was not shown significant. While total body water decreased in 20s, 40s, and 50s except 30s men, all other values did not shown significant differences. The physical activity and intake of improved food levels were contributed with lost a lot of weight, decrease of SMM and body fat.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors according to male consumer's age group. The research method was survey and subjects were 656 male consumers. The results were as follows. First, three factors (appearance importance awareness, appearance internalization, and slimness importance awareness) were emerged on sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. Young age group showed higher level of appearance importance awareness and internalization than middle age group. Second, there were many differences on clothing purchasing behaviors by age variable. Young age group more importantly considered psycho-social purchasing motives, aesthetic selection criteria, and the internet as information source and purchasing place than middle age group. Whereas middle age group more importantly considered practical purchasing motives, practical selection criteria, and store display & salesman as information sources, and fashion outlet as purchasing place than young age group. Third, there were also many differences on cosmetics purchasing behaviors by age variable. Young age group used more and various cosmetics, and they more importantly considered skin improvement as purchasing motive, skin suitability and price as selection criteria, the internet as information source and purchasing place than middle age group. On the other hand, middle age group generally used fundamental cosmetics, and they more importantly considered skin protection as purchasing motive, quality as selection criterion, TV and store display & salesman as information sources, and discount store and cosmetics speciality store as purchasing places than young age group.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-33
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• 2022

This study analyzes the difference in the awareness of Korean Unification among age groups based on survey data. It is verified by statistical model analyses that the ratio of agreement for Korean Unification increases with the age growth, but after the highest peak at the age group of 44 ~ 53 years, the ratio of agreement gradually decreases. The statistical model shows that the age group of 44 ~ 53 years old has 2.5 times higher odds of agreement than the age group of 24 ~ 33 years old and the odds of female to male is 0.56. Meanwhile, the ratio of increase in the agreement, aligned with the increasing age groups, shows 4.3 times higher for males than females. The difference in the ratio of agreement in the overall age groups is estimated to be contributed the most by the significant difference in the ratio of agreement for Korean Unification between the young male generation (in their 20s and 30s) and the middle-aged male generation (in their 40s and 50s).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.276-295
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• 2001

In this paper, Korean's dining-out behaviors were compared and investigated according to gender and age. The change and the problem of dietary pattern in Korea were understood and we intend to provide the basic information for guidelines of Korean's dietary habits. The subjects are composed of 46.5% male and 53.5% female. According to age, groups aged $10{\sim}19$ are 26.3%, 20's are 24.6%, 30's are 16.8%, 40's are 18.7%, and 50 and over age group is 13.6%. All of the age groups ate out for celebration of a special day or for social purposes. When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a restaurant was the taste of food. All age groups liked Korean-style restaurants the most. All age group eat a house meal at breakfast. At lunch, age groups 40 and below go to a restaurant in school or company and 50 and over age group eats house meal. In general, all age groups ate a house meal at dinner. At breakfast, all the age groups do not eat out. For lunch, they eat out four or five times a week. For dinner, the most of age groups except the 20's eat out two or three times a month and for the 20's age group, two or three times a week. The reason for selecting a Korean-style restaurant is that the food is 'well matched with one's appetite'. According to the above results, the dietary habits of 30 and over age groups are relatively good. On the other hand, in 10's and 20's age groups, they have an irregular meal and the ratio of skipping a meal is high. And they frequently use fast-food restaurants. In the future, the unbalance of nutrition in these age groups is expected. Therefore, the correct nutritional facts should be educated so that these age groups have a healthy dietary habit.