• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.300-300
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 언어과제 수행 시 일반 공기 중의 산소 농도 (21%) 환경에 비해 외부에서 고 농도 (30%)의 산소 공급이 혈중 산소 포화도(SPO$_2$), 심박동율(Heart Rate), 정답률(Accuracy), 반응속도(Reaction Time)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 한다. 30%와 21%의 산소를 8L/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 산소 공급 장치를 이용하였고, 10명의 대학생(오른손잡이, 평균나이 23.4세)을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 난이도가 비슷한 두 가지 언어과제를 28문제씩 피험자에게 풀게하여 정답률과 반응속도를 계산하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.111-114
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• 2003

산소는 인간의 신체 및 정신 활동에 필수적인 물질이며, 특히 뇌 기능에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 일반 공기 중의 산소 농도(21%) 환경에 비해 외부에서 고 농도(30%)의 산소 공급이 인지 능력 중 특히 공간 지각 능력에 어떠한 변화를 유발하는지 관찰하고자 한다. 8명의 남자 대학생(평균 23.5세)을 본 연구의 실험 참여자로 선정하였다. 21%와 30% 산소 농도를 각각 8L/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 장치를 개발하여, 마스크를 통하여 실험 참여자에게 전달하였다. 공간 지각 능력 측정으로 위해 각각 20문항을 포함하는 두 개의 문제지를 제작하였고, 과제 수행 결과로부터 정답률과 평균 반응 시간을 산출하였다. 평균 정답률은 21%와 30% 산소 농도에서 각각 50.63 $\pm$ 8.63과 62.50 $\pm$ 9.64 이었고, 두 농도간의 통계적 유의차가 발생하였다. 평균 반응 시간의 21%와 30% 산소 농도에서 각각 6.60 $\pm$ 0.77〔sec〕이었고, 두 농도간의 통계적 유의차가 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과로부터 외부에서의 고농도의 산소 공급이 공간 지각 능력 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1111-1115
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 일반 공기 중의 산소 농도(21％) 환경에 비해 외부에서 고 농도(30％)의 산소 공급이 인지 능력 중 특히 언어 능력에 어떠한 변화를 유발하는지 관찰하고자 한다. 9명의 오른 손잡이 남자 대학생을 본 연구의 실험 참여자로 선정하였다. 21％와 30％ 산소 농도를 각각 8L/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 장치를 개발하여, 마스크를 통하여 실험 참여자에게 전달하면서 언어 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 동시에 3T MRI를 이용하여 뇌기능 영상을 획득하였다. 언어 능력 측정을 위해 28 문항을 포함하는 두 개의 문제지를 제작하였고, 과제 수행 결과로부터 정답률을 산출하였다. 21％에 비해 30％ 산소 농도에서 평균 정답률은 유의미한 증가를 하였고, 뇌 활성화 양도 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 외부에서의 고농도의 산소 공급이 언어 능력 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출할 수 있다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the inhalation of 30% oxygen on heart rate and oxygen saturation ($SPO_2$) during cycle isokinetic exercise, in comparison with the inhalation of 21% oxygen. This study used oxygen supply equipment that can supply each of 21% and 30% oxygen constantly at a rate of 8 liter/min. Ten healthy male college students ($25.2{\pm}2.2$ years) participated in the experiment twice, one for 21% oxygen and the other for 30% oxygen. Each experiment was composed of three sections (a total of 18 minutes), which were composure (2 minutes), cycle isokinetic exercise at a speed of $20{\pm}1km/h$ (10 minutes) and recovery (6 minutes). 21% or 30% oxygen was supplied only during the sections of isokinetic exercise and restoration. Heart rate during isokinetic exercise and recovery was lower with the inhalation of 30% oxygen than with that of 20% oxygen but no difference was observed in $SPO_2$. $SPO_2$ was not different possibly because the same work load was applied to the group of 21% oxygen and that of 30% oxygen. Heart rate was reduced with the inhalation of 30% oxygen possibly because a larger quantity of oxygen was supplied at the same work load.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to observe activation of limbic system during performing visuospatial tasks by 21% and 30% oxygen administration. Eight right handed male college students were selected as the subjects for this study. A visuospatial task was presented while brain images were scanned by a 3T fMRI system. The experiment consisted of two runs: one was a visuospatial task under normal air(21% oxygen) condition and the other under hyperoxic air(30% oxygen) condition. The neural activations were observed at the limbic system which is seperated 8 regions such as cingulate gyrus, thalamus, limbic lobe, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampa gyrus, amygdala, and mammiilary body. By two oxygen levels, activation areas of limbic system are almost identical. Increased neural activations were observed in the cingulate gyrus and thalamus with 30% oxygen administration compared to 21% oxygen. During 30% oxygen administration, improvement of visuospatial task performance has a relation to increase of neural activation of subcortical structures such as thalamus and cingulate gyrus as well as cerebral cortex.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1999

This study was conducted to test actual oxygen consumption rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at a commercial scale high density culture tank in the recirculating culture system, with a special emphasis on the oxygen consumption rate of this species with different daily feeding frequencies. Nile tilapia, an average of 400 g and a total wright of 390 kg, were stocked in a circular concrete tank of 2.9 m in diameter and 0.8 m in depth, in a recirculating culture system. The fish were fed commercial diet 1, 2, 5, and 9 times per day between 09:00 h and 19:00 h. feed was evenly supplied where the fish were fed more than once a day. Dissolved oxygen of influent and effluent water was monitored every 50 seconds by a computer with electrodes for 24 hours. The standard metabolic rate of tilapia was $39.31{\pm}4.4mg\;O_2/kg$ fish/hr in the present study. The maximum oxygen consumption was reached between 30 to 50 minutes after feeding. The maximum oxygen consumption levels of 1, 2, 5, and 9 feeding times per day were 161.2, 123.4, 111.1 and 111.1 mg $O_2/kg$ fish/hr, respectively. While the mean oxygen consumption levels of 1, 2, 5, and 9 feeding times per day were $79.9{\pm}21.5,\;81.3{\pm}14.8,\;84.2{\pm}9,9$ and $98,9{\pm}11.0mg\;O_2/kg$ fish/hr, respectively. These results show that oxygen consumption rates are not much different between the feeding frequencies. These results could be used to design to provide desirable oxygen supply system in the recirculating high-density tilapia culture system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2003

The present study attempted to observe what changes the supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen cause to people's ability of visuospatial cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). This study sampled eight male university students (the average age : 23.5) as subjects for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study It also developed equipment that supplies 21% and 30% oxygen) at a constant rate of 8L/min. Two questionnaires containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition, and accuracy was calculated from the result of task performance. The experiment paradigm consisted of the run conducting tasks at 30%'s concentration of oxygen and another run at 21%'s concentration of oxygen. Each run was composed of four blocks and each block included eight control tasks and five visuospatial taks. 3T MRI was used and fMRI was obtained through the single-shot EPI method. The activation in the occipital-associated area, bilateral superior parietal lobes, bilateral inferior parietal lobes. bilateral precuneus, bilateral postcentral gyri, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral medial frontal gyri, bilateral superior frontal gyri, bilateral cingulate gyri was significantly increased at the 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. Furthermore, the result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. From the result of this study, it is concluded that the supply of highly concentrated oxygen has a positive effect on the ability of visuospatial cognition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.298-298
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• 2004

본 연구는 외부에서 고 농도 (30％)의 산소 공급이 공간 인지 능력에 어떠한 변화를 유발하는지 뇌기능 영상의 시계열 신호 분석을 통해 관찰하고자 한다. 8명의 오른손잡이 남자 대학생 (평균 23.5세)이 피험자로 참여하였다. 21％와 30％ 산소 농도를 각각 BL/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 장치를 개발하였다. 공간 인지 능력 측정을 위해 20 문항을 포함하는 두 개의 문제지를 제작하였고, 과제 수행 결과로부터 정답률을 산출하였다. 3T MRI 기기를 사용하였고, single-shot EPI 방법으로 뇌기능 영상을 획득하였다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

In this study, changes in verbal cognitive performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate due to 30％ concentration oxygen supply were observed. Five male (24.6±0.9) and five female (22.2±1.9) college students were asked to perform 28 verbal cognitive tasks of the same difficulty during two types of oxygen (concentration 21％, 30％) administration. The experimental sequence consisted of Rest1 (1 min.), Control (1 min.), Task (4 min.), and Rest2 (4 min.) and the physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the stages. The experimental result showed that the performance increased significantly at 30％'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21％'s, which shows oxygen supply has positive influence on verbal cognitive performance. When 30％ concentration oxygen is supplied, the oxygen saturation in the blood significantly increased comparing to 21％. The heart rate showed no significant difference. Significant correlations were found between changes in oxygen saturation and cognitive performance. It is suggested that 30％ oxygen can stimulate brain activation by increasing actual blood oxygen concentration in the process of cognitive performance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.753-757
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• 1999

The growth of rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis was evaluated at different culture conditions. Rotifer was fed on condensed freshwater Chlorella. The productivity of rotifer in the high density culture system was compared to that of rotifer in the batch culture system, in which rotifer was fed on baker's yeast. The growth rate of rotifer increased as temperature increased in the culture system supplied with air or oxygen gas. The maximum density of rotifer in the culture systems supplied with air was in range of 16,300$\~$17,000 ind./ml at $24^{\circ}C$. In the culture systems supplied with oxygen gas, it ranged 26,300$\~$30,500 ind/ml at $28^{\circ}C$. When the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture system supplied with air reached to below 1 ppm or when the concentration of undissolved ammonia in the culture system supplied with oxygen gas reached 16.6$\~$22.6 ppm, the growth of rotifer decreased. When oxygen gas was supplied and pH was adjusted to 7, the maximum density of rotifer reached to 43,000 ind/ml at $32^{\circ}C$. The production costs for 10 billion rotifer in the high density culture and batch culture were 693,000 and 961,000 won, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the productivity of rotifer in the high density culture was higher than that in a batch culture.