• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1978

This study was carried out in order to know the effect of T. T. C. reaction on antibiotics, cleanser, disinfectants, pH, acidity and station of culture a bacterial Streptococcus thermophilus was used to 2.3.5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction test for the detection of residual antibiotics in milk were tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The T. T. C. reaction was most sensitive in the group of penicillin as 0.02~0.05 IU and also it was less sensitive in Streptomycin and various broad antibiotics except Vibramycin, Synthomycin and Teramycin but it was least sensitive in Streptomycin group. 2. For ther T. T. C. reaction test on cleanser, the positive reaction was appeared above 0.7% of Hi-Ti and 0.1% of NaOH solution respectively. 3. For the T. T. C. test reaction on disinfectants, the positive reaction was occured on 200~500 ppm solution of sodium-hypochlorite and chloride-lime, 0.15~0.35% solution of phenol, cresol and Iode-K. 4. The optimum temperature was $35{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ and proper culturing time was 12 to 18 hours for propagation culturing. 5. The suspect positive reaction was tested above pH 5.0 and the positive reaction was appeared above 0.21% of acidity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 1997

Purpose : To evaluate the role of curative radiotherapy and salvage surgery in Patients with T1 T2 glottic canter. Materials and Method : Between June 1989 and December 1994, 23 patients with early glottic cancer, 18 with T1N0M0 and 5 with T2N0M0, were treated with radiotherapy at Gyeongsang National University Hospital All Patients were male. Median follow-up period was 46 months, and $100\%$ were observed for at least 3 years. Results : Actuarial survival rates at 5 years were $84.3\%$ for 23 patients. The 5-year actuarial survival rates were $94.4\%$ for T1 and $53.3\%$ for 72(P=0.05) The 5-rear local control rates was $70.0\%$ for T1 and $60.0\%$ for T2 (P=0.44). Of 8 Patients with treatment failure, 6 patients $(75.0\%)$ were salvaged with surgery. After surgical salvage, the 5-year local control rates were $87.2\%$ for T1 and $80.0\%$ for T2(p=0.55). Conclusion : In early stage (Stage I and II) glottic cancer, curative radiotherapy can be a treatment of choice and surgery reserved for salvage of radiotherapy failure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.103-118
• /
• 1989

In order to investigate the uptake of the systemic insecticide, carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-N-methyl(arbamate) residues, fresh and aged, by rice plants, they were grown for 42 days in soils containing freshly treated (T-1), 3-month-aged (T-2), and 6-month-aged residues (T-3). The amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from $^{14}C-carbofuran$ during the 3-and 6-month aging in soil (temp. $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ ; moisture, 50% of the maximum water-holding capacity) were 8.9 and 26.7% of the original radioactivity applied, respectively. Mineralization of $^{14}C-carbofuran$ in soil to $^{14}CO_2$ during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3). The methanol extract of the 3-and 6-month-aged soils revealed that 3-keto carbofuran phenol (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-benzofuranol) was the major metabolite, where as 3-hydroxy carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-benzofuranyl-N-methylcarbamate) turned out to be the major metabolite in the shoots by the enzymatic cleavage of the possible conjugate present in the methanol extract. Volatilization of $^{14}C-carbofuran$ in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively. The $^{14}C-radioactivity$ which was absorbed from the soils by rice plants during 42 days of the growing period and persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively. The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively. The small translocation of $^{14}C-radioactivity$ in T-3 upwards suggests that major metabolite 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in roots and the low recovery in T-1 indicates the loss of carbofuran from the shoots.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze the factors that could affect the health-promoting behaviors of North Korean adolescent refugees residing in South Korea. Methods: Questions about their sociodemographic variables, subjective health status, healthy living habits, and health-promoting behaviors were asked. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in religion (t=2.30, p<0.05), having family members in South Korea (t=2.02, p<0.05), and subjective health status (t=4.96, p<0.01). Scores on health-responsible behaviors were higher with higher age (t=2.90, p<0.01) and for subjects without family or friends (t=2.43, p<0.05). Higher physical-activity behaviors were observed in males (t=3.32, p<0.01), in those with better subjective health status (t=3.46, p<0.05) and lower body mas index (t=3.48, p<0.05), and in smokers (t=3.17, p<0.01). Nutritional behaviors were higher in those who followed a religion (t=2.17, p<0.05). Spiritual growth behaviors were higher in those who followed a religion (t=4.21, p<0.001), had no family in South Korea (t=2.04, p<0.05), and had higher subjective health status (t=5.74, p<0.01). Scores on interpersonal relationships and stress-management behaviors were higher for those with higher subjective health status. A multiple regression analysis showed greater effects on health-promoting behaviors when subjective health status was better. Older people and non-smokers exhibited more health-responsible behaviors, while more physical-activity behaviors and spiritual growth activities were observed when subjective health status was better. Interpersonal relationship behaviors had positive effects on those with good subjective heath status and on non-smokers. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, an alternative was suggested for promoting health in North Korean adolescent refugees.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.66-96
• /
• 2004

This study was intended to describe the hypertensive patient's lifestyle and quality of life by creating a hypothetic model on the lifestyle and quality of life and by examining a causeand effect relationship, and to contribute to countermeasures for practicing their lifestyle and improving the quality of life through creating a predictable model. Exogenous variable($\xi$) of hypothetic model in this study composed of a family support, hypertension knowledge, perceived benefit and toughness. Endogenous variable($\eta$) composed of self-esteem, perceived health state, depression, lifestyle and quality of life. There were 6 measured variables for exogenous variable(x). There were 9 measured variables(y) for endogenous variable. Also, there was error variable ($\delta,\;\epsilon$) of an individual. The survey was conducted for 207 hypertensive parents who received an out-patient service for 3 weeks from September 15, 2003 to October 3, 2003 after diagnosing as hypertension from 2 general hospitals in Daegu. As the conformance of hypothetic model in this study, there were $x^2$= 155.81, standard $x^2$ ($x^2$/df)=2.32, GFI=0.003, NFI=0.971, CFI=0.982, and RMSEA=0.080. Generally, the hypothetic model and actual data were well coincided. The higher the hypertension knowledge was(t=6.030), the higher the perceived benefit was(t=9.429), the higher the toughness was(t=2.783), and the higher the perceived health state was(t=2.282), the higher the lifestyle was. However, the degree of depression (t=-0.038), family support(t=1.161), and self-esteem(t=0.518) was not affected. The higher the family support was(t=10.476), the higher the self-esteem was(t=7.244), the higher the perceived health state was(t=6.996), the lower the degree of depression was(t=-2.044), and the higher the practice degree of lifestyle was(t=3.315), the higher the quality of life was. However, the toughness(t=1.672) didn't have a significant influence on the quality of life. It was modified to increase the model conformance and gain a conscious model As the result of model revision, for the model conformance, there were $x^2$= 118.43, standard $x^2$=1.69, GFI=0.923, NFI=0.976, CFI=0.982, and RMSEA=0.078. As the revised model showed the better conformance than hypothetic model, it seemed to be more suitable model. In the revised model, the perceived benefit(t=9.440) affected the lifestyle in the revised model. Then, the lifestyle was influenced by hypertension knowledge(t=6.139), toughness (t=2.757), family support(t=2.078), perceived health state(t=1.962) in the order. As a factor which affected the quality of life, there were the family support(t=l0.46l), self-esteem(t=7.368), perceived health state(t=6.989), lifestyle(t=3.316), toughness(t=2.584), and depression(t=-1.968) in the order. It showed the significant effect.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.467-481
• /
• 2017

This study sought to determine the changes in weather conditions in urban streets, along with conditions of traffic and roads in urban areas. The variations in weather conditions depending on traffic differed according to distance. First, the temperature difference measured by traffic results is as follows: T1 point $1.03^{\circ}C$, T2 point $1.04^{\circ}C$, T3 point $0.9^{\circ}C$, T4 point $1.01^{\circ}C$, and T5 point $0.31^{\circ}C$. The average difference between the measured temperatures by the point of measurement was $0.86^{\circ}C$. The changes in wind velocity according to traffic volume results of the measurements is T1 point 1.32 m/s, T2 point 0.80 m/s, T3 point 0.29 m/s, T4 point 0.04 m/s, and T5 point 0.09 m/s. The difference between the average wind speeds was 0.51 m/s and traffic jams caused substantial differences in distance. The relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional to temperature. The measurements results ares T1 point 2.29%, T2 point 2.67%, T3 point 2.47%, T4 point 2.16%, and T5 point 0.91% The difference between the average relative humidity was 7.3%. In case of independent sampling T test according to traffic volume, changes in wind velocity and temperature were directly proportional to the level of statistical significance(p<0.01). On the other hand, relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional; however, there was no statistical significance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.1266-1272
• /
• 2019

A bacterial strain, labeled $UR11^T$, was isolated from green alga Ulva pertusa collected from Jeju Island, Korea. $UR11^T$ was identified as a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and aerobic bacterial strain with yellow colonies on R2A plates. The strain $UR11^T$ grew over at a temperature range of $10^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ (optimally at $25^{\circ}C$), a pH range of 6.0-11 (optimally at pH 7.0) and a Nacl range of 0.5-5% Nacl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain $UR11^T$ was a member of the genus Flavobacterium. Strain $UR11^T$ shared close similarity with F. jejuensis $EC11^T$ (98.0%) F. jumunjinense $HME7102^T$ (96.1%), F. haoranii $LQY-7^T$ (95.3%), F. dongtanense $LW30^T$ (95.1%), and F. ahnfeltiae 10Alg $130^T$(94.9%). The major fatty acids (>5%) were $iso-C_{15:0}$ (33.9%), $iso-C_{15:1}$ G (12.4%), $iso-C_{17:0}$ 3-OH (9.0%), $isoC_{16:0}$ (7.0%) and $iso-C_{15:0}$ 3-OH (6.3%). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unknown aminolipids, two unknown aminopolarlipids and two unknown lipids. DNA-DNA hybridization value was 58% at strain $UR11^T$ with F. jejuensis $EC11^T$. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain $UR11^T$ represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium jocheonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Flavobacterium jocheonensis is $UR11^T$ (=KCTC $52377^T$ =JCM $31512^T$).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.851-859
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of addition of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf and root extracts on the quality and sensory characteristics of ground pork meat. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: 5% ice water added (T0), 5% lotus leaf extract added (T1), 2.5% lotus leaf extract and 2.5% root extract added (T2), and 5% lotus root extract added (T3). There were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, cooking yield, moisture retention, water holding capacity, reduction in diameter, a-value (redness), b-value (yellowness), VBN content (volatile basic nitrogen), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness or chewiness. The fat retention was highest in T0 (p<0.05). The L-values (lightness) of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). The pH was lowest in T1 (p<0.05). The TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values of T0, T1, T2, and T3 were 0.47, 0.17, 0.21, and 0.32 mgMA/kg, respectively, with that of T1 being significantly lower than those of the other samples (p<0.05). The contents of free amino acids related to sweet taste was 642.5 ppm for T1, which was highest among the samples (p<0.05). The flavor was highest in T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf extracts improved the lipid oxidation and flavor of ground pork meat.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.858-868
• /
• 1992

0.085Ba(LaS11/2TNbS11/2T)OS13T-0.915Pb(ZrS1yTTiS11-yT)OS13T (0.45$\leq$y$\leq$0.65) transparent electrooptic ceramics were fabricated by two-stage sintering method. The structural, ferroelectric and electrooptic properties were investigated varying composition and second sintering time. Also the possibility of application to electrooptic device was studied. If we increase the PbZrOS13T contents, dielectric constants were increased and Curie temperature was decreased. In the composition of 0.55[mol] PbZrOS13T, electromechanical coupling factor and piezoelectric charge constant were the highest values of 43[%] and 173x10S0-12T[C/N], respectively. Mechanical quality factors were decreased with the increasing PbZrOS13T contents. Light transmittance was increased with wavelength when measured from 300[nm] to 900[nm], and with PbZrOS13T contents in the range of 0.50[mol]-0.65[mol], and had the highest value of 67[%] in the composition of 0.65[mol] PbZrOS13T. From the results of ferroelectric hysteresis loop and transmitted light intensity with electric field, the specimens with compositions of 0.65,0.60,0.55[mol] PbZrOS13T were applicable to electrooptic memory device and those with compositions of 0.50,0.45[mol] PbZrOS13T were applicable to linear electrooptic device.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2009

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of cerium (Ce), a rare earth, individually and in combination with lanthanium (La), a rare earth, in the basal diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, bone composition, breast meat composition, carcass characteristics and meat color in broiler chicks. A total of 1,600 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were T1) CON (control diet), T2) 100 ppm Ce, T3) 100 ppm La, T4) 100 ppm Ce+100 ppm La. There were no significant differences in feed intake among dietary treatments during the whole experimental period (0 to 5 weeks). Body weight gain for the first three weeks was greater in birds T4 than birds fed T3 diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in birds fed T4 diet (p<0.05) than birds fed T3 diet during 0~3 weeks, and better FCR for 0~5 weeks was noticed in birds fed T4 diet than birds fed T1 diet. Nutrient digestibility was greatest in birds fed T3 diet (p<0.05) compared with other treatments. Bone composition, carcass characteristics and meat color were no statistically different among the treatments. These results suggest that Ce supplementation, alone and combination with La could improve performance of broilers.