• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.879-886
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• 2016

As is in all economic activities, the highest yield per unit area is the main goal in animal production, while addressing the temperamental needs of animals often is ignored. Animal welfare is not only an ethical fact; it also has an economic value. Spatial environmental enrichment contributes positively to animal welfare by addressing their behavioral and mental requirements. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of weaning and spatial environmental arrangements on behaviors of goat-kids. Experimental groups were arranged in structured and unstructured spatial environments. Roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge, and wood block were placed in the structured environment. No equipment was placed in the unstructured environment and paddock sides were enclosed with an iron sheet to prevent bipedal stance and to provide environmental isolation. In the study 10 male and 10 female Turkish Saanen goat kids were used in each group. Spatial environmental arrangements did not have significant impacts on the growth performance of kids (p>0.05). All objects in the structured group were accepted by the kids. Average use ratios of roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge and wood block were observed as 19.3%, 14.0%, 12.6%, 3.8%, and 0.7%, respectively. There were significant differences between before- and after-weaning in use of all objects except for underneath bridge ($p{\leq}0.05$). Concentrate feed consumption, locomotion, and resting behaviors in kids showed significant differences by structural group and growth period. Roughage consumption was similar between groups, while it differed by growth period ($p{\leq}0.05$). Interaction frequency was significantly higher in structured group (p = 0.0023). Playing behavior significantly differentiated based on the growth period rather than on groups ($p{\leq}0.05$). Playing behavior significantly decreased after weaning. Abnormal oral activity was significantly higher in the structured group before weaning ($p{\leq}0.05$). Despite there being no installations facilitating climbing and bipedal stance, the kids of the unstructured group were able to exhibit 1/3 as much bipedal stance behavior as the kids of the structured group through leaning over slippery paddock wall or over their groupmates. Bipedal stance behavior of unstructured group was similar before and after weaning, while bipedal stance behavior before weaning was about 2 times that of after weaning in structured group. It was concluded that unstructured environmental arrangement limited the behavior repertoire of the goat kids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40-44
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• 2010

North Korea's discharge of water from a dam into the Imjin River that flows through the inter-Korean border swept away a riverside camping site early Sunday morning, killing six people. This tragic incident might have been prevented if the North had given prior notice of the release from its Hwanggang Dam to the South. Investigations are under way to determine the reasons behind the unexpected act. This incident was a man-made disaster not least death of six people. A water level monitoring system(WLMS) of the Imjin River was installed the bridge of Pilseung that operate three public institutions. The WLMS of the A institution set up warning siren and broadcasting as the water level has been rising the bridge of Pilseung in the Imjin River. But the A institution's system was already out of side before discharged of water a dam into the Imjin River and the operators were culpable negligence. The B institution's office employee on charges of negligence that might have contributed to the tragedy and one of the A institution's employees ignored 26 warning messages on the WLMS. This tragic incident was a man-made disaster not least death of six people and might have been prevented if the WLMS was normally operated and the system operators must be worked a tight.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 1982

The dynamic strain-time(${\varepsilon}$-t) curves of the fatal members in three existing steel railway bridges was measured during the selected trains was passing, and was regulated statistically. By the results of these the equivalent fatigue damages of the selected members was calculated in comparison with the allowable stresses, and was examined. From these the base available in evaluating the stability and the lifeproof of the steel railway bridge was obtained. In addition to this, the following several properties which could be used availably in designing the steel railway bridges. It was conformed that the fatigue damages was different each other even in the same members, if the unit weight of the trains was same but the weights and the dispositions of the wheels of the trains was different each other. It was indicated that the fatigue damages was larger in the members which had the defects in components of the materials, the flaws being made during producing and constructing, and the corrosions, etc. It was considered that more a vailable data could be obtained, if the same studies were continued under the spans and the types of the bridges being changed continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

The use of geogrid for SRW systems and bridge abutment has increased rapidly over the past 10 years in Korea. The concept of segmental retaining walls and reinforced soil is very old and for example The Ziggurats of Babylonia(i.e. Tower of Babel) were built some 2,500 to 3,000 years ago using soil reinforcing methods very similar to those described in current design. Modern SRW(Semental Retaining Wall) units were introduced in 1960's as concrete crib retaining wall systems. In this paper, the friction properties between segmental concrete units and geogrid are investigated by performing various tests.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to develop rapid setting cement latex modified concrete (RSLMC) which will be used to overlay bridge deck for maintaining and repairing. The main experimental variables were the types of rapid setting cement and variation of latex and antifoam agent contents were selected as admixture factor, then the properties of workability and strength development and durability properties were investigated. The results of this study show that latex content give increment of a slump due to surface tension in polymer particles and reduce unit weight of water for preservation of workability. In addition, When no and 1.6~3.2% antifoam agent were mixed, 8%, 2.0~3.8% were respectively obtained. An increasing the amount of latex produced concrete with increased flexural strength, but with slightly lower compressive strength. Rapid chloride permeability and freezing-thawing test carried out. As a results, according to increment of containing ratio antifoamer, strength of RSLMC increase, permeability showed lower value than ignorable 100 coulombs. Also, in the case of more than antifoamer 1.6%, the relativity dynamic modulus is mantained more than 90%, but in case of 0, 5%, it decrease. In consequence, with the view of strength and workability of RSLMC, it is considered that appropriate content ratio of antifoam agent and latex solid are respectively 1.6% by latex weight, 15% by cement weight.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.89-96
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• 2004

Many researches have been devoted to developing a model fur bridge scour analysis which can consider both of the erosive potential of flowing water and the relative ability of the soil to resist erosion. The scour rate apparatus that can quantify the erosion rate of the soil has been developed by virtue of the extensive efforts. The scour rate tests were performed on 3 types of the remolding clay samples using the scour rate apparatus. The erosion characteristics of the fine-grained soil samples according to the variation of the remolding loads are examined and the correlation between the soil properties and erosion rates is also analyzed. The results of the tests and analyses show that the soil properties, especially the dry unit weight and the shear strength of the soil have great influence on the erosion characteristics.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2019

Offshore drilling has become a key process for obtaining oil. Offshore platforms have many applications, including oil exploration and production, navigation, ship loading and unloading, and bridge and causeway support. However, vibration problems caused by severe environmental loads, such as ice, wave, wind, and seismic loads, threaten the functionality of platform facilities and the comfort of workers. These concerns may result in piping failures, unsatisfactory equipment reliability, and safety concerns. Therefore, the vibration control of offshore platforms is essential for assuring structural safety, equipment functionality, and human comfort. In this study, an optimal multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system was proposed to mitigate the excessive vibration of a three-dimensional offshore platform under ice and earthquake loadings. The MTMD system was designed to control the first few dominant coupled modes. The optimal placement and system parameters of the MTMD are determined based on controlled modal properties. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed MTMD system can effectively reduce the displacement and acceleration responses of the offshore platform, thus improving safety and serviceability. Moreover, this study proposes an optimal design procedure for the MTMD system to determine the optimal location, moving direction, and system parameters of each unit of the tuned mass damper.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.382-406
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• 2019

We study the antecedents to tie formation on an (Facebook-like) enterprise social media platform implemented to support cross-boundary connections. Research has produced mixed findings regarding the role of social media in cultivating bridging vs. closed networks. We examine the tie formation patterns of 1,386 enterprise social media users over a two-year period. Specifically, we observe who became (or chose not s become) "friends" with whom at the dyadic level and relate the decisions to various mechanisms that affect one's network to expand, constrain, or bridge. Using logistic and OLS regressions, we find that users tend to form ties via reciprocity and transitivity (with friends of friends), both of which help expand one's network. We also find strong networking tendency toward functional and hierarchical homophily (same business unit and same rank, respectively), which is likely to constrain one's network (closed network structure). We find that one's participation in various online interest groups is likely to open one's network (bridging network structure) while no evidence found for preferential attachment. Overall, we find that enterprise social media offers features, some of which are likely to foster bridging while others foster closed networks via different mechanisms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2009

In this paper, the development of unmanned vehicle systems to analysis applicable communications and alternative IEEE 802.11a. IEEE 802.11b/g uses the 2.4GHz. So, using the 5GHz OFDM in IEEE 802.11a interference phenomenon better. IEEE 802.11a has a maximum speed of 54Mbps. Indoors and apartment parking on experiment to soft roaming, hard roaming. Test equipments are AP four units(RSU), reliable results for the AP one unit Bridge, Switch one unit, one server notebook, one notebook(OBU), one car. Use Softwares are Wireshark, Jperf, Ping and million second transfer was used to develop the program. So the actual car was similar to the environment. With the results of the experiment for the unmanned vehicle systems will provide the best method.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

This paper discovers the energy loss factors through the insulation diagnosis of houses or buildings, and proposes directions for energy efficiency improvement. The energy efficiency factor of a building consists of insulation diagnosis, thermal bridge diagnosis, window diagnosis, airtight diagnosis, and equipment diagnosis. Among the residents and facilities in the energy welfare blind spot, an energy efficiency diagnosis was conducted for one senior citizen building located in Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, and energy efficiency diagnosis was conducted after insulation was installed. Energy measurement, diagnosis and analysis were performed using the IoT-based integrated wired/wireless energy diagnosis platform, Energy Finder. As a result of comparison, an overall energy saving rate of 16.38% was achieved. Annual heating energy consumption per unit area decreased from 333.51kWh before construction to 277.35kWh after construction, and annual cooling energy consumption per unit area decreased from 5.51kWh before construction to 5.22kWh after construction. The annual primary energy consumption per unit area decreased from 464.52kWh before construction to 403.69kWh after construction, and the annual energy cost was reduced from 3,063,307.14 won before construction to 2,641,072.49 won after construction. The additional improvement work is needed on the standards affecting energy efficiency other than insulation.