• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.833-841
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• 2004

This paper treats optimal route assessment system at seaway based on weather forecasting and wave measurement through observation Since early times, captain & officer have been sailing to select the optimum route considering the weather and ship status condition empirically. However, it is rare to find digitalized onboard route support system whereas weather fax or wave and swell chart are utilized for the officer, based on officer's experience. In this paper, optimal route assessment system which is composed of voyage efficiency and safety component is introduced. Optimum route minimized ETA(estimated time of arrival) and fuel consumption is evaluated for efficient voyage considering speed loss and power increase based on wave added resistance of ship. In the view point of safety, seakeeping prediction is performed based on 3 dimensional panel method. Basically, the weather forecast is assumed to be prepared previously in order to operate this system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2017

This paper deals with the design optimization of the kinematic characteristics of an automotive suspension system. The kinematic characteristics of the suspension determine the attitude of the wheels, such as the toe and camber, which not only relates to tire wear during driving, but also greatly affects the control of the vehicle and its stability, which corresponds to the motion performance of the vehicle. Therefore, it is very important to determine the characteristics of the suspension mechanism at the initial stage of the design. In this study, a displacement analysis is performed to determine the kinematic properties of the suspension for the McPherson strut suspension. For this purpose, a set of constraint equations for the joints constituting the suspension mechanism was established and a program was developed to solve them. We also used ADS, a design optimization program, to obtain the desired kinematic characteristics of the suspension. As the design variables for optimization, we used the coordinates of the hard points, which are the points of attachment of the suspension to the vehicle body, and are defined as the summation of the toe-in for the up and down movement of the wheel as the objective function. As the constraint functions, the maximum camber angle and minimum roll center height, which are design requirements, are considered. As a result of this study, it was possible to determine the optimal locations of the hard points that satisfy both constraint functions and minimize the change of the toe-in.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

Nano-scale gate length MOSFET devices require extremely shallow source/drain eftension region with junction depth of 20∼30nm. In this work, 20nm $n^{+}$-p junctions that are realized by using this $As_{2}^{+}$ low energy ($\leq$10keV) implantation show the lower sheet resistance of the $1.0k\Omega$/$\square$ after rapid thermal annealing process. The $As_{2}^{+}$ implantation and RTA process make it possible to fabricate the nano-scale NMOSFET of gate length of 70nm. $As_{2}^{+}$ 5 keV NMOSFET shows a small threshold voltage roll-off of 60mV and a DIBL effect of 87.2mV at 100nm gate length devices. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated devices with the heavily doped and abrupt $n^{+}$-p junctions ($N_{D}$〉$10^{20}$$cm^{-3}$, $X_{j}$$\leq$20nm) suggest the feasibility of the nano-scale NMOSFET device fabrication using the $As_{2}^{+}$ low energy ion implantation.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• 제4집
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• pp.129-153
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• 2001

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das $Verh\"{a}ltnis$ zwischen den syntaktischen und semantischen Typen von $Konditionals\"{a}tzen$ und deren kommunikativen Funktionen untersucht. Nach der $g\"{a}ngigen$ Auffassung haben Konditionalsatze folgende syntaktische und semantische Eingenschaften: 1. Der Konditionalsatz besetzt das Vorfeld des Hauptsatzes. 2. Im Hauptsatz kann ein Korrelat wie dann eingefugt werden. 3. Mit dem Konditionalsatz wird eine Bedingung oder eine Voraussetzung $f\"{u}r$ den im Hauptsatz $ausgedr\"{u}ckten$ Sachverhalt genannt. Aber im Korpus finden sich auch $Konditionals\"{a}tze$ wie folgende, die keine dieser Eigenschaften haben: (1) Wenn du es noch nicht $wu{\ss}test$, Karl ist wieder im Lande. (2) Wenn ich mal kurz einwerfen darf, er muss sich operieren lassen. Ausgehend van der Annahme, dass die syntaktische und semantische Struktur des $Konditionalsatzgef\"{u}ges$ mit der kommunikativen Funktion des Konditionalsatzes $zusammenh\"{a}ngt,\;wird\;zun\"{a}cht$ versucht, die Typen der $Konditionals\"{a}tze$ aus syntaktischer und semantischer Hinsicht herauszustellen. Danach wird jeder Typ auf die kommunikative Funktion hin $\"{u}berpr\"{u}ft$. Daraus haben folgende Ergebnisse resultiert: 1. Hinsichtlich der syntaktischen Relation zwischen dem Konditionalsatz und dessen Hauptsatz wird zwischen zwei Typen von $Konditionalsatzgef\"{u}gen$ unterschieden: $n\"{a}mlich$, die verbundene und die nicht-verbundene Konstruktion. 2. Hinsichtlich der semantischen Relation zwischen dem Konditionalsatz und dessen Hauptsatz wird zwischen zwei Typen von $Konditionalsatzgef\"{u}gen$ unterschieden: $n\"{a}mlich$, die integrierte und die nicht-integrierte Konstruktion. 3. In der Regel weisen die $Konditionalsatzgef\"{u}ge$ mit der integrierten Konstruktion syntaktisch eine verbundene Konstruktion auf, wahrend die $Konditionalsatzgef\"{u}ge$ mit der nicht-integrierten Konstruktion eine nicht-verbundene Konstruktion haben. 4. In Bezug auf die $illokution\"{a}re\;Selbst\"{a}ndigkeit$ wird zwischen zwei Typen van $Konditionals\"{a}tzen$ unterschieden: $n\"{a{mlich,\;Konditionals\"{a}tze$ mit einer $selbst\"{a}ndigen\;illokution\"{a}ren$ Rolle und $Konditionals\"{a}tze$ ohne eine solche. 5. Die $Konditionals\"{a}tze$ in der verbundenen und integrierten Konstruktion haben keine $selbst\"{a}ndige\;illokution\"{a}re\;Rolle,\;w\"{a}hrend\;die\;Konditionals\"{a}tze$ in der nicht-verbundenen und nicht-integrierten Konstruktion eine $selbst\"{a}ndige\;illokution\"{a}re$ Rolle haben. 6. In Bezug auf die kommunikative Funktion der $Konditionals\"{a}tze$ mit einer $selbst\"{a}ndigen\;illokution\"{a}ren$ Roll wird zwischen drei Typen von $Konditional\"{a}tzen$ unterschieden: Relevanz-Konditionale, metakommunikative Konditionale und diskursstrukturierende Konditionale.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제22권4호통권94호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2006

This study surveyed the Kimchi preference for French, potential Kimchi improvement for French market adaptation and Kimchi application for French cuisine, with the aim of spreading the recognition of Kimchi throughout the world, especially in France, by giving information and developing local types which could be expected to be suitable for utilization of French food life. The Kimchi experience of 100 persons in France was surveyed for the study. Most (72.0%) had no experience. For the preference of red Kimchi in palatable ripening period depending on sexes, women had a higher Score (M=4.04${\pm}$0.88) than men (M=3.91${\pm}$0.91) did. In the case of white Kimchi, women had a higher score (M=4.09${\pm}$0.90) than men (M=3.98${\pm}$1.01) did, also. The attraction reason of Kimchi for males was the chewing feel, healthy food and spicy taste, and for females was the chewing feel, spicy taste and healthy food orderly. However, the other side of the Kimchi improvement point was decreased fermented order, spicy taste and salinity, but improved orderly appearance. Thus, the Kimchi development point for French was keeping the crisp chewing feel, fermenting better at the fresh than ripening, reducing the fermented order and controlling the spice taste. Types of fermented food similar to Kimchi were involved in more than 80% of French cuisine, with the most common in the survey being pickled cabbage, followed by cabbage salary and fermented salted food orderly. The Kimchi utility as a raw ingredient or a seasoning for French cuisine was firstly as an accompaniment with meat cuisine, followed by appetizer, eating with cooked rice, eating with fish cuisine, orderly for males, whereas for females it was eating with cooked rice, followed by appetizer, eating with fish cuisine and eating with fried potato and orderly. Thus, the French had a similar view to Koreans regarding the accompaniment of Kimchi meat. The developed fusion Kimchi foods were 'Poitrine de porc caramelisee au miel et Kimchi', 'Blanc de barbue aux crevettes roses et Kimchii', 'Kimchi SpringRoll' and 'Potage saint-Germain aux Kimchi'. The French preference for Kimchi utility was generally a high score for the eating the cuisine in which Kimchi was added to meat cuisine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of age of animal, hot carcass weight, pH, conformation and fat class on basic beef quality attributes (tenderness, sarcomere length, basic chemical composition, marbling and colour) in a group of purebred animals. The object of the study was beef of Limousin bulls (25 to 27 months, hot carcass weight - $432{\pm}31$ kg, "U" conformation class, "2"-"3" fat class). Analysed cuts were Infraspinatus muscle from the blade and Longissimus dorsi muscle from the cube roll and the striploin. Tenderness was analysed with universal testing machine, colour - chromometer analysis, sarcomere length - microscopic method, basic chemical composition - near-infrared spectroscopy and marbling - computer image analysis. No differences in tenderness and sarcomere length were observed within the age groups of Limousin bulls (age of 25, 26, 27 months) (p>0.05). Moisture (p = 0.0123) and fat (p = 0.0250) content were significantly different for meat of animals slaughtered at the age of 25 and 27 months. No influence of pH value on tenderness was observed, but at the same time, influence on sarcomere length (p = 0.039) and $b^*$ component of colour (0.045) was found. For "U" conformation class, in subclasses, as well as for fat classes "2"-"3", there were no differences in tenderness, sarcomere length and colour components. Higher fat content was observed in the higher fat class, rather than in lower, however this feature was not associated with marbling.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.768-775
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• 2010

Adsorption dynamics of ethane/ethylene mixture gas and desorption dynamics during the displacement desorption with propane as a desorbent in the column filled with faujasite adsorbent were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The simulation that adopted heat and mass balance and an ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) for the multicomponent adsorption equilibrium well predicted the experimental breakthrough curves of the adsorption and desorption. At the adsorption breakthrough experiments, roll-ups of ethane increased as the adsorption pressure increased and the adsorption temperature decreased. During the displacement desorption with propane in the column saturated with ethane/ethylene mixture gas, almost 100% of ethylene was obtained for a certain time interval. The adsorption strength of the desorbent greatly affected the adsorption and re-adsorption dynamics of ethylene. The re-adsorption capacity for ethylene has been greatly reduced when iso-propane, which is stronger desorbent than propane, was used as desorbent. It was found from the simulation that the performance of the displacement desorption process would be superior when the ratio of ${(q_s{\times}b)}_{C_2H_4}/{(q_s{\times}b)}_{C_3H_s}$ was 0.83, that is, the adsorption strengths of ethylene and the desorbent were similar.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

This paper addresses a newly proposed start-up method of the HAUSAT-2 momentum wheel. The HAUSAT-2 is a 25kg class nanosatellite which is stabilized to earth pointing by 3-axis active control method. A momentum wheel performs two functions. It provides a pitch-axis momentum bias while measuring satellite pitch and roll attitude. Pitch control is accomplished in the conventional way by driving a momentum wheel in response to pitch attitude errors. Precession control and nutation damping are provided by driving the pitch axis magnetic torquer. A momentum wheel is nominally spinning at a particular rate and changes speed. This simulation study investigates the feasibility and performance of a proposed strategy for starting-up the wheel. A proposed strategy to start-up the wheel shows that a pitch momentum wheel can be successfully started-up to its nominal speed from rest and be stabilized to nadir pointing.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2014

Although it is ideal that the sound with the range of 20 ~ 20,000 Hz is produced by the loudspeaker system composing of only one loudspeaker unit, it is almost impossible now. Therefore, the audible frequency range is now produced by the loudspeaker system, which is consisted of more than two loudspeaker units. The multi-way loudspeaker system certainly requires a crossover filter, which is divided the audible frequency into low and high frequency ranges. The crossover frequency of filter usually is in the range of 1 ~ 4 kHz, the frequency range can largely affect to the sound articulation and quality. It is an example that the phase and amplitude at the crossover frequency can be different from each other, due to the variously reasons. Conversely, they can not produce the smooth frequency response due to the different distance between the two loudspeaker units and electrical properties. As a result, the sound articulation and quality can be degraded. Therefore, the phase and amplitude response at the crossover frequency has to be deeply considered, in order to exactly match the woofer and tweeter. In this study, it is proposed the methods which are the flat frequency and phase response to be obtained by adjusting of the delay time between loudspeaker units, and the choice of filter to be considered the roll-off properties of each unit. It is achieved the frequency response with ${\pm}1$ dB, and the sound articulation is also improved.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

This paper treats optimal route safety assessment system at seaway based on weather forecasting data through INMARSAT. Since early times, captain have been sailing to select the optimum route considering the weather, ship loading status condition and operational scheduling empirically. However, it is rare to find digitalized onboard route support system whereas weather facsimile or wave and swell chart are utilized for the officer, based on captain's experience. In this paper, optimal route safety assessment system which is composed of voyage efficiency and safety component is introduced. Optimum route minimized ETA(estimated time of arrival) and fuel consumption that shipping company. and captain are requiring to evaluate for efficient voyage considering speed loss and power increase based on wave added resistance of ship. In the view point of safety, seakeeping prediction is performed based on 3 dimensional panel method Basically, the weather forecast is assumed to be prepared previously in order to operate this system.