• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.451-459
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 정상 성인의 팔 흔들기 종류에 따른 보행 시 운동역학적인 변화를 알아보기 위해서 실시하였다. 정상 성인 대학생 45명을 대상으로 정상 팔 흔들기, 한 팔 흔들기, 두 팔 움직임 없음 보행, 인위적인 팔 흔들기의 4가지 팔 흔들기 종류에 따라 실험을 진행하였다. 이들의 운동역학적인 변화를 알아보기 위해 3차원적 관절 운동역학적 변화 검사인 6-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system을 통해 보행 변수를 측정하였다. 팔 흔들기에 따른 운동역학적인 매개 변수들인 각 관절에서 보행속도, 엉덩관절 일률, 말기 디딤기의 수직 지면반발력에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 이러한 연구결과는 팔 흔들기 종류에 따라서 정상인과 환자들의 치료와 평가를 위한 지침으로서 임상에서 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 3D 프린터를 이용하여 통풍이 원활하고 위생적이며 선명한 방사선영상을 구할 수 있는 그물형 손목 부목을 제작하고자 하였다. 스캐너는 의료용 다중단층영상장치(MDCT)를 이용했으며, 3D 프린터 기기는 용융 적층 조형술(fused deposition modeling, FDM)의 프린팅 방식을 이용했다. 소재는 분해성 플라스틱 (poly lactic acid, PLA)을 사용하였다. 손목의 3 차원 볼륨렌더링은 MDCT에서 획득된 단층영상으로 구현하였다. 구현된 손목 3 차원 영상을 바탕으로 가상의 그물형 부목 모형을 디자인하고 출력하였다. 그 결과 3D 프린터로 출력된 부목이 기존 부목보다도 우수한 방사선 손목영상을 획득할 수 있었으며 가려움증 및 비위생적인 단점을 개선하고 부목 해체 작업이 용이하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 모델링된 3D 부목 모형은 향후 3D 프린팅 부목 제작에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있으며 환자들의 실생활에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 복식
• /
• 제56권7호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2006

This study was to provide the fundamental data for a scientific and rational clothing construction by investigating the length variation of the upper arm surface, using the method of surgical tape, and to understand the expansion and contraction of parts of body for the making of clothing adaptable to movement. The subjects were li early elementary schoolgirls in Busan area classified with three somatotypes, and arm-movements consisted of 6 types. The statistical analyses used in this study were mean, standard deviation and the ANOVA and LSD procedure. The results of the analysis of the length of the upper arm surface are as follows: By arm-movements, in the items of horizontal, upper arm length changed more in the front than in the back, and in the items of vertical, represented the opposite of horizontal items. In the items of upper arm, the anterior-posterior axilla length and under arm length were influenced by arm-movements, and the under length of the upper arm represented the maximum rate increase of 74.59%(3.20cm)$\sim$138.72%(4.28cm). In the somatotypes of early elementary schoolgirls, type II was more influenced by arm-movements, and for the making of clothing adaptable to movement, type III needed to reflect more surplus length(2cm) than the other types.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2009

Six healthy female volunteers twice undertook an experiment with different types of clothing leaving the arms and legs covered or uncovered at $24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%$ RH to study how different thermal stimulation to the distal extremities during the afternoon could modulate circadian parameters of body temperature rhythm. One type of clothing consisted of long-sleeved shirts and full-length trousers (Type I, 989 g, 0.991 clo); the other type consisted of half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers (Type II, 750 g, 0.747 clo). Subjects wore Type I or Type II clothing during the afternoon (14:00 h - 19:00 h), and Type I clothing during the evening (19:00 h - 22:30 h) and the night sleep (22:30 h - 06:00 h). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at the arm and leg were measured continuously. Results were as follows: 1) The circadian amplitude of rectal temperature tended to be greater, and the acrophase was significantly earlier when wearing Type II rather than Type I clothing. 2) The circadian nadirs of skin temperatures of the arm and leg were significantly lower and the amplitudes were significantly greater with Type II clothing. In addition, the acrophase and bathyphase of the circadian rhythm of arm skin temperature were significantly earlier with Type II than Type I clothing. 3) The amplitude of rectal temperature was related closely with that of arm and leg skin temperature. These results suggest that a slightly cool thermal stress during the afternoon to the arms and legs exerted by wearing half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers induces a greater amplitude and a phase advance of the overt circadian rhythm of body temperature.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foot pressure and upper arm PNF exercise conducted with elastic bands while standing. Methods: Eighteen asymptomatic patients consented to participate in the study. Foot pressure was measured in the standing position using the Gaitview system for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) using a right upper arm pattern. Resistance strength was varied based on the type of elastic band used (red=medium, green=heavy, and blue=extra heavy). Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used for the ad hoc test (SPSS ver. 18. for Windows). Results: A significant difference was observed in fore-foot, rear-foot, and everage pressure after upper arm PNF exercise. However, there was no significant difference according to the type of elastic band. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an upper arm PNF exercise with and without resistance may affect foot pressure in the standing position.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2008

Generally optical components are fabricated by grinding, lapping and polishing processes. Those processes take long time to obtain optical high surface quality. In the case of large optical components, the on-machine measurement is strongly recommended because the workpiece is fragile and difficult to set up for fabricating and measuring. This paper is concerned about a swing-arm mechanism which can be used for on-machine measurement of a surface profile with a sensing probe end-effect, and also for grinding or lapping the surface with a corresponding tool. The measuring accuracy and uncertainty using a swing arm type profilometer have been studied. The experimental results show that this method is useful specially in lapping process with the accuracy of $5{\mu}m$. Those inspection data are provided for correcting the residual figuring error in next processes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.605-613
• /
• 2015

A three-arm parallel design has been proposed to assess the biosimilarity between a biological product and a reference product using relative distance (Kang and Chow, 2013). The three-arm parallel design consists of two arms for the reference product and one arm for the biosimilar product. This paper extended the three-arm parallel design to a (k + 1)-arm parallel design composed of k (${\geq}3$) arms for the reference product and one arm for the biosimilar product. A new relative distance was defined based on Euclidean distance; consequently, a corresponding test procedure was developed based on asymptotic distribution. Type I error rates and powers were investigated both theoretically and empirically.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 CAVE 시스템과 Arm-Master를 이용해 가상 제품의 프로토타이프를 평가할 때 효과가 있을지에 대한 실험적 검증을 하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 CAVE 시스템 상에 가상의 냉장고를 포함한 가상 주방을 모델링하였다. 실험에는 6명의 남자, 6명의 여자 피실험자들이 참여했는데, 3가지 서로 다른 형태의 냉장고 도어 그립과 가상 냉장고 도어를 열고 닫기 위한 힘의 크기 2개에 의한 조합인 6가지 실험조건에 대해 물건을 냉장고에 넣고 꺼내는 작업을 수행하도록 했다. 각 실험이 끝나면 피실험자들은 도어 개폐의 용이성, 도어 조작시의 힘과 실제 힘과의 유사성, 전반적인 현실감에 대한 평가 설문에 응답하도록 했다. 실험 결과 평균치를 기준으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니나 수직형의 도어 그립이 개폐용이성 등에서 상대적으로 좋은 평가를 받았다. 또한 힘의 크기에 있어서 피실험자들은 5N을 15N에 비해 좋은 평가를 하였다. 그러나 예상 외로 성별 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 이는 여자들의 경우 Arm-Master를 조작하는 데 더 큰 어려움을 겪었기 때문으로 풀이된다. 앞으로도 기술적 측면에서 Arm-Master가 더욱 개선되어야만 디자인 평가 과정에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2016

Objective: The arm swing is associated with gait ability in healthy young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of arm swing during gait in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-five subjects without any orthopedic or neurological injuries participated in this study. All subjects performed all three conditions according to the arm swing type as follows: first procedure (condition 1), walking as usual without arm swing constraint; second procedure (condition 2), constraint of dominant arm swing walking as usual; third procedure (condition 3), constraint of both arm swing walking as usual. Gait parameters such as gait velocity, stride length, cadence, step time, single limb support, and double limb support were measured in all arm swing conditions performed randomly, with the mean value obtained from three measurements. A rest period of 5 minutes was given to prevent repetition of each condition and learning effect. All data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to notice the changes between arm swing conditions. Results: Within walking conditions, significant difference of gait velocity, stride length, cadence, and double limb support was noticed (p<0.05), except step time and single limb support. Gait velocity and stride length were significant reduced, and in cadence and double limb support were increased (p<0.05). Condition 3 had the most significant decrease of gait ability compared with condition 1 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These finding suggested that constraint arm swing conditions reduced gait ability in healthy young adults. Also, these findings can be utilized as a reference to future studies that not only pelvic, knee and ankle, but also upper limb affect to gait ability.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 1998

Stress distribution analysis was implemented by using finite element method for the lower arm connecting Independent front suspension. Results were obtained for the 8 load conditions and for the 3 types of section (I, H and H+I). On the basis of it, the shape and dimensions of lower arm were optimized. Finally it was pointed out that the H type has an most satisfied strength, among 3 section types and highest safety factor and yield strength in each case of load condition.