• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2023

With the development of technology, a new class of smaller and more sensitive electrical systems have emerged, requiring higher quality power system. Improving the quality of the power system requires removing harmonics as much as possible to ensure better efficiency. We should first collect information on what harmonic frequencies are included in the current power system to remove the harmonics. In this paper, a new frequency analysis algorithm is introduced for a three-phase and a 1-phase power system. MTE PRS 600.3 is used to generate any harmonics to ensure that the algorithm performs well. Typing any harmonics on the Windows GUI program shows the analyzed result from the board developed for the algorithm.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2011

본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 한반도 후박나무의 분포를 규정하는 기후요인과 현재기후와 미래기후에서의 잠재 생육지를 CT모델을 이용하여 예측하였다. 모델 구축을 위한 4개 독립변수로는 최한월최저기온(TMC), 온량지수(WI), 하계강수량(PRS), 동계강수량(PRW)을 사용하였다. CT분석을 통해 구축된 후박나무 분포 모델(Mth-model)에서 TMC(최한월최저기온)가 분포를 규정하는 주요요인으로 작용하였으며, TMC(최한월최저기온) $-3.3^{\circ}C$이상인 지역에서 후박나무의 높은 출현확률을 나타냈다. 현재기후에서 한반도 후박나무의 잠재 생육지(PH)는 $9,326km^2$로 예측되었으며, 3종류 미래기후 시나리오(CCCMA-A2, CSIRO-A2, HADCM3-A2)에서 $61,074{\sim}67,402km^2$(남한: $58,419{\sim}61,137km^2$, 북한:$2,655{\sim}6,542km^2$)로 예측되었다. 미래기후에서 잠재 생육지는 49~51%(남한: 49~51%, 북한: 2~5%) 증가된 면적이 예측되었다. 기후변화에 따라 한반도 후박나무의 잠재 생육지의 확대는 난온대 낙엽활엽수림과 경쟁이 예상된다. 후박나무는 한반도 기후변화 지표종으로 유효하다고 판단되며 잠재 생육지에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 중요하다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2009

We present a $3-{\underline{P}}RS$ compliant parallel manipulator actuated by PZTs. The motion ranges are $400-{\mu}m$ translation to the z-direction and 5.7-mrad rotation about any axis on the x-y plane. A mechanical amplifier whose advantage is approximately 5.5 is designed and integrated with flexure revolute and spherical joints in a monolithic way. We evaluated the performance of the system: kinematic and dynamic characteristics. In kinematic point of view, the flexures play the roles of conventional mechanism but any nonlinearity such as dead-zone and backlash, which make it possible to achieve the steady-state resolution less than $0.1{\mu}m$. The system shows resonance near 86 Hz with high magnitude and, therefore, poor transient response. But the settling is faster when the flexures are strained higher.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8397-8403
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy in Mexican women. A set of histopathological markers has been established to guide BCa diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in only a few Mexican health services, such as that of the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA for its acronym in Spanish), are these markers commonly employed for assessing BCa. The aim of this study was to explore the association of Ki67, TP53, HER2/neu, estrogenic receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) with BCa risk factors. Materials and Methods: Clinical histories provided background patient information. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted on 48 tissue samples from women diagnosed with BCa and treated with radical mastectomy. The Chi square test or Fisher exact test together with the Pearson and Spearman correlation were applied. Results: On average, patients were $58{\pm}10.4$ years old. It was most common to find invasive ductal carcinoma (95.8%), histological grade 3 (45.8%), with a poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI; 80.4%). ERs and PRs were associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, metastasis at diagnosis and Ki67 expression (p<0.05). PR+ was also related to urea and ER+ (p<0.05). Ki67 was associated with TP53 and elevated triglycerides (p<0.05), and HER2/neu with ER+, the number of pregnancies and tumor size (p<0.05). TP53 was also associated with a poor NPI (p<0.05) and CD34 with smoking (p<0.05). The triple negative status (ER-/PR-/HER2/neu-) was related to smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to biomass, number of pregnancies, metastasis and a poor NPI (p<0.05). Moreover, the luminal B subty was associated with histological type (p=0.007), tumor size (p=0.03) and high cholesterol (p=0.02). Conclusions: Ki67, TP53, HER2/neu, ER and PR proved to be related to several clinical and pathological factors. Hence, it is crucial to determine this IHC profile in women at risk for BCa. Certain associations require further study to understand physiological/biochemical/molecular processes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

내 공용중인 고속도로의 60%는 콘크리트로 포장이 되어 있으며, 그중 50% 이상의 도로가 설계 수명 이상 사용으로 인해 포장 손상, 줄눈부 파손, 부분 탈락 등의 다양한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 하지만 기존 도로 구조물의 보수보강은 높은 비용과 그로인한 복잡한 유지관리가 발생하므로 경제적인 보수보강 재료의 개발이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 도로보수재료로서 기초물성 평가를 위해 칼슘 알루미나 시멘트에 OPC를 무게 대비 0, 10, 20%로 혼입한 재료를 적용하여 응결시간, 압축강도, 휨강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 최소물성 기준 및 재료 단가 측면을 고려하였을 때 20% OPC의 경우가 최적배합임을 도출하였다. 또한 일반적인 보수재료들을 이용한 특정 도로의 공사비용 산정을 위해, 상용 프로그램(CA4PRS)을 사용하여 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 20% OPC의 경우 총 시공 및 이용자 비용으로 각각 40.52, 15.77억 원이 발생하였으며, 총합으로 비교 시 가장 경제성이 높은 재료로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2024

Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine the treatment patterns and the surgical and oncologic outcomes after completion lobectomy (CL) in patients with locoregionally recurrent stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who previously underwent sublobar resection. Methods: Data from 36 patients who initially underwent sublobar resection for clinical, pathological stage IA NSCLC and experienced locoregional recurrence between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Results: Thirty-six (3.6%) of 1,003 patients who underwent sublobar resection for NSCLC experienced locoregional recurrence. The patients' median age was 66.5 (range, 44-77) years at the initial operation, and 28 (77.8%) patients were men. Six (16.7%) patients underwent segmentectomy and 30 (83.3%) underwent wedge resection as the initial operation. The median follow-up from the initial operation was 56 (range, 9-150) months. Ten (27.8%) patients underwent CL, 22 (61.1%) underwent non-surgical treatments (chemotherapy, radiation, concurrent chemoradiation therapy), and 4 (11.1%) did not receive treatment or were lost to follow-up after recurrence. Patients who underwent CL experienced no significant complications or deaths. The median follow-up time after CL was 64.5 (range, 19-93) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and post-recurrence survival (PRS) were higher in the surgical group than in the non-surgical (p<0.001) and no-treatment groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: CL is a technically demanding but safe procedure for locoregionally recurrent stage I NSCLC after sublobar resection. Patients who underwent CL had better OS and PRS than patients who underwent non-surgical treatments or no treatments; however, a larger cohort study and long-term surveillance are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

저자는 견비통, 요통, 완관절통을 각각 호소하는 환자들을 대상으로 다른 병행치료 없이 피내침만을 시행한 결과 SF-MPQ, VAS, PRS상 모두 통증 지수가 감소하는 일정 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 다양한 통증 환자에게 피내침을 시행한다면 양호한 임상 경과를 가져올 것으로 사료되며, 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-134
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

저자는 소하악증으로 인해 기도유지가 어려우며 섭식 장애로 인한 다발성 우식을 보이는 피에르 로빈 증후군 환아의 증례를 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 소하악증 및 구개열, 심방중격 결손, 새끼 손가락의 측만지증(clinodactyly), 외사시(exotropia) 등의 증상을 동반하고 있었으며, 신체 발육이 매우 저하된 상태로 섭식 장애로 인한 구강내 침식 및 다발성 우식의 소견을 보이고 있었다. 환아는 가벼운 자폐 증상을 가지고 있으며 어린 나이로 협조를 구하기가 어려웠고 광범위한 치료가 필요한 상황이었으며 의식하 진정법시 하악의 발육 저하로 인한 기도 확보의 어려움이 예상되었기에 전신마취하 치과치료를 시행하였다. 피에르 로빈 증후군은 기도유지의 어려움과 섭식 장애로 구강위생 관리에 불리한 조건을 가지고 있지만 나이가 듦에 따라 점차 정상적인 하악의 성장이 이루어지므로 행동조절에 의한 일상적인 치과 처치도 가능할 것이다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.3-28
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• 2007

공공도서관의 홍보는 관내 홍보, 관외 홍보, 인쇄매체 홍보, 시청각 매체 홍보 설치물 홍보, 각종 행사를 통한홍보, 언론 매체 홍보 캠페인 사이버 공간, 관련 단체를 통한 홍보 등 여러 가지 관점에서 홍보 방법을 생각할 수 있지만 공공도서관 홍보를 위한 전략을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 도서관 홍보 전담 부서를 설치한다. 둘째 도서관 홍보 전담 사서를 배치한다. 셋째 도서관 홍보 예산을 수립한다. 넷째 지역사회 단체를 활용하여 홍보를 한다. 다섯째 지역사회 언론 매체를 활용하여 홍보한다. 여섯째 뉴스레터 (소식지)를 발간하여 홍보에 활용한다. 일곱째 홈페이지를 통하여 홍보한다.