• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.661-664
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• 2002

A control of the body posture and movement is maintained by the vestibular system, vision, and proprioceptors. Afferent signals from those receptors are transmitted to the vestibular nuclear complex, and the efferent signals from the vestibular nuclear complex control the eye movement. The postural disturbance caused by loss of the vestibular function results in nausea, vomiting, vertigo and loss of craving for life. The purpose of this study is to develop a off-vertical rotatory system for evaluating the function of semicircular canals and otolith organs, selectively, and visual stimulation system for stimulation with horizontal, vertical and 3D patterns. The Off-vertical axis rotator which stimulates semicircular canals and otolith organs selectively is composed of a comportable chair, a DC servo-motor with reducer and a tilting table controlled by PMSM. And a double feedback loop system containing a velocity feedback loop and a position feedback loop is applied to the servo controlled rotatory chair system. Horizontal, vertical, and 3D patterns of the visual stimulation for applying head mounted display are developed. And wireless portable systems for optokinetic stimulation and recording system of the eye movement is also constructed. The Gain, phase, and symmetry is obtained from analysis of the eye movement induced by vestibular and visual stimulation. Detailed data were described.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the rotational characteristics which were comprised of directionality and linearity of target registration error (TRE) as a study in advance to enhance the accuracy of contour-based registration in neuronavigation. For the experiment, two rigid head phantoms that have different faces with specially designed target frame fixed inside of the phantoms were used. Three-dimensional coordinates of facial surface point cloud and target point of the phantoms were acquired using computed tomography (CT) and 3D scanner. Iterative closest point (ICP) method was used for registration of two different point cloud and the directionality and linearity of TRE in overall head were calculated by using 3D position of targets after registration. As a result, it was represented that TRE had consistent direction in overall head region and was increased in linear fashion as distance from facial surface, but did not show high linearity. These results indicated that it is possible for decrease TRE by controlling orientation of facial surface point cloud acquired from scanner, and the prediction of TRE from surface registration error can decrease the registration accuracy in lesion. In the further studies, we have to develop the contour-based registration method for improvement of accuracy by considering rotational characteristics of TRE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2016

The demand for spatial data service technologies is increasing lately with the development of realistic 3D spatial information services and ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Research is being conducted on the real-time provision of spatial data services through a variety of mobile and Web-based contents. Big data or cloud computing can be presented as alternatives to the construction of spatial data for the effective use of large volumes of data. In this paper, the process of building HLM (Hyper Live Map) using multi-source data to acquire stereo CCTV and other various data is presented and a big data service architecture design is proposed for the use of flexible and scalable cloud computing to handle big data created by users through such media as social network services and black boxes. The provision of spatial data services in real time using big data and cloud computing will enable us to implement navigation systems, vehicle augmented reality, real-time 3D spatial information, and single picture based positioning above the single GPS level using low-cost image-based position recognition technology in the future. Furthermore, Big Data and Cloud Computing are also used for data collection and provision in U-City and Smart-City environment as well, and the big data service architecture will provide users with information in real time.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 1996

In order to determine the emplacement time and stratigraphic position of basaltic rocks in the central part of Pohang basin, palaeomagnetic investigations were conducted on 111 samples collected from 6 sites. Formation mean built from site-mean ChRM directions is $d=340.7^{\circ}$, $i=52.2^{\circ}$ (${\alpha}_{95}=6.0^{\circ}$, k=91) in the geographic coordinates. If "tilt" correction is applied regarding the plane perpendicular to the side walls of columnar joint as palaeohorizon, the formation mean becomes $d=328.7^{\circ}$, $i=43.8^{\circ}$ (${\alpha}_{95}=17.1^{\circ}$, k=13). It is to be noticed that the formation mean is deflected significantly (about $20{\sim}30^{\circ}$) counterclockwise from the Tertiary reference geomagnetic field of Eurasia, independent of "tilt" correction. This situation is very different from that of clockwise rotation of ChRM directions which has been ubiquitously observed in other Tertiary basins of south Korea, and indicates sinistral regional simple-shearing during the emplacement times of the basaltic rocks. Considering previous palaeomagnetic and AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) data from other Tertiary regions of south Korea, the time of this sinistral shearing should be 15 Ma or directly thereafter, and this time point represents inversion from extensional to compressional tectonic regime. Magnetic foliation data obtained in this study indicate WNW-ESN compression during or directly after emplacement of the basaltic rocks, while it has known from regional tectonic study that the time of the WNW-ESN compression is about 15 Ma, when SW Honshu was rotated and the Korean strait was narrowed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

A computational study on the supersonic flow around the lateral jet controlled missile has been performed. For this purpose a three dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code(AADL3D) has been developed and case studies have been performed by comparing the normal force coefficient and the moment coefficient of a missile body for several parameters such as angles of attack, circumferential jet positions, and spouting jet angles. Missile surface is divided into four regions with respect to the center of gravity, and the normal force and moment distribution at each region are compared. The results show different behavior of the normal force and moment variation according to each parameter. Furthermore, it is shown that the pitching moment can be minimized through proper combination of each parameter.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.123-131
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• 2009

The emerging display technology has been replaced the previous position of the CRT with the LCD. The nature of hold type display such as LCD, however, causes many problems such as motion blur and motion judder. To resolve the problems, we used frame interpolation technique which improves the image quality by inserting new interpolated frames between existing frames. In this paper, we propose a novel frame interpolation technique that uses dominant MV and variance different value in each block. At first, the proposed algorithm performs unidirectional motion estimation using blocking matching algorithm. The new frame is generated by pixel average using compared block variance or by pixel motion compensation using dominant motion vector, whether the motion estimation find the target area or not. Several experiments with the proposed algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm has better image quality than the existing bidirectional frame interpolation algorithm at the rate of about 3dB PSNR and has low complexity comparing to the unidirectional frame interpolation technique.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.16
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• pp.160-196
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• 2002

In this thesis. I have first introduced and studied Chubb & Son. Inc. v. Asiana Airlines. 214 F.3d 301 (2nd Cir. 2000). which held that at the time that the dispute in this case arose. there was no treaty relationship between the United States and South Korea under the Original Warsaw convention. the Hague Protocol. or a treaty consisting of those provisions of the Original Convention that were not amended by the Protocol. And I have analyzed U.S. government s position that was expressed in Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae on petition for a writ certiorari to the 2nd Circuit on Chubb & Son case and 2nd Circuit s Fujitsu Limited v. Federal Express Corporation. 247 F.3d 423 (2001) which was held in a related question afterwards but was somewhat inconsistent with Chubb & Son s holding. Furthermore. I also examined U.S. government s measures which have been considered and taken to cope with consequences of Chubb & Son case's ruling. Lastly. I have examined several effects which Chubb & Son s ruling would give our nation s airlines and suggested our government's countermeasures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

The Implementation Semi-Public Management System of Intra-City Bus brings improvements of the position stability, work environment and welfare of the bus drivers. As these benefits prevent drivers' job changes, average age of the drivers increases. Some side effects such as fatality increase after the implementation of the new system are becoming social problems. To minimize such problems, it is necessary to prepare the measurements reflected drivers' age increase and driving characteristics of old drivers to decrease traffic accidents of intra-city buses. The existing measurements are mostly simple policy. To get over such limitations, this study grasped driving characteristics by surveys and driving aptitude test targeting old drivers and non-old drivers who brings about traffic accidents actually. As a result, the characteristics of the old drivers were understood precisely. The measures of decrease of the traffic accidents are suggested by the analysis of the behavior characteristics of the old drivers through the structural equation model.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2018

Oral rehabilitation of a patient having severe periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation presents a challenge to clinicians. However, if appropriate implant placement according to the bone shape is selected, unnecessary bone grafting or soft tissue surgery can be minimized. In recent years, using cone beam CT and software, it has become possible to operate the planned position with the surgical guide made with 3D printing technology. This case was a 70 years old female patient who required total extraction of teeth due to severe periodontitis and performed a full-mouth rehabilitation with an implant - supported fixed prosthesis. During the surgery, the implant was placed in a flapless manner through a surgical guide. Immediate loading of the temporary prosthesis made by CAD/CAM method before surgery was done. Since then, we have produced customized abutments and zirconia prostheses, and have reported satisfactory aesthetic and functional recovery.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.130-151
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• 2012

Fraunhofer was founded in 1949 and grew into Europe's largest application-oriented research organization. Fraunhofer currently employs over 20,000 members in Germany, is internationally networked, and manages an R&D budget of over 1,8 Billion Euros per year. An important step for Fraunhofer to become an integral component of the German innovation system was the introduction of the Fraunhofer Model of financing based on a performance-related system of financial management. The underlying model of the allocation and distribution of public funding to Fraunhofer that is subsequently allotted to specific research groups is one of the success factors of Fraunhofer. Fraunhofer is proud of its decentralized organizational model. Fraunhofer is comprised of 60 Institutes in Germany working in different fields, under one legal framework, and with a strong brand value. Every Fraunhofer Institute is affiliated with a German University and every institute director simultaneously holds a chair at the affiliated university. It is a challenge for the headquarter organization to balance the intended competition of individual Fraunhofer Institutes with complementarity cooperation in science among Fraunhofer-Institutes, especially when coming from different knowledge domains; however, this goal results in a significant advantage. The unique strengths of Fraunhofer offer system solutions in a world with increasingly complex R&D challenges. While growing to become the largest organization on Europe to focus on applied research it is the challenge to remain an agile organization that is flexible in organizational structure. Fraunhofer has reached a well-recognized position in the European innovation landscape. It is often referred to by science and governments as a role model for innovation policy and a key element of the latest successes in the German economy that has recovered quicker from the latest economic crisis than most other western economies. The paper explains Fraunhofer as an organizational paradigm and its underlying management model to elaborate on the challenges of managing a research organization. We wish to show how it is possible to transfer the management model and philosophy of Fraunhofer to innovation systems with different framework conditions and challenges. A universal conclusion may be drawn based on the description of Fraunhofer; however, changes in existing structures and innovation systems cannot be implemented over night.