• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_1
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• pp.973-985
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to separate the ground and building areas and generate building models automatically through planarity analysis using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based point cloud. In this study, proposed method includes five steps. In the first step, the planes of the point cloud were extracted by analyzing the planarity of the input point cloud. In the second step, the extracted planes were analyzed to find a plane corresponding to the ground surface. Then, the points corresponding to the plane were removed from the point cloud. In the third step, we generate ortho-projected image from the point cloud ground surface removed. In the fourth step, the outline of each object was extracted from the ortho-projected image. Then, the non-building area was removed using the area, area / length ratio. Finally, the building's outer points were constructed using the building's ground height and the building's height. Then, 3D building models were created. In order to verify the proposed method, we used point clouds made using the UAV images. Through experiments, we confirmed that the 3D models of the building were generated automatically.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

Recently, the rapid proliferation, introduction, and application of the fourth industrial revolution technology has emerged as a trend in the construction market. Building Information Model (BIM) technology is a multidimensional information system that forms the basis of the fourth industrial revolution technology. The river sector utilizing this information-based system is also being actively reviewed, for example, the current measures for maintenance. In recent years, active research and current work should be done to reflect the need for river experts to introduce BIM into the river field. In addition, the development of tools and support software for establishing various information systems is essential for the activation of facility maintenance information systems reflecting advanced technology and to establish and operate management plans. A study on the maintenance of river facilities involves using existing drawings to build a three-dimensional (3D) information model, check the damage utilizing it, and inform it, and utilize it as the data for maintenance reinforcement. This study involved determining a method to build a river facility without the existing information system and using the property maintenance information with 3D modeling to provide a more effective and highly utilized management plan to check maintenance operations and manage damages.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.381-389
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• 2023

One of the crucial components in building information modeling (BIM) is data. To systematically manage these data, various research studies have focused on the creation of object breakdown structures and property sets. Specifically, crucial data for managing programs and payments involves work breakdown structures (WBSs) and cost breakdown structures (CBSs), which are indispensable for mapping BIM objects. Achieving this requires disassembling CBS quantities based on 3D objects and WBS. However, this task is highly tedious owing to the large volume of CBS and divergent coding practices employed by different organizations. Manual processes, such as those based on Excel, become nearly impossible for such extensive tasks. In response to the challenge of computing quantities that are difficult to derive from BIM objects, this study presents methods for disassembling length-based quantities, incorporating significant portions of the bill of quantities (BOQs). The proposed approach recommends suitable CBS by leveraging the accumulated history of WBS-CBS mapping databases. Additionally, it establishes a unified CBS code, facilitating the effective operation of CBS databases.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

Recently, terrestrial photogrammetry has been applied effectively to data acquisition in GIS and to monitoring precise machinery for simulation test. Because 3-D coordinates of many object points can be quickly measured with constant accuracy and easy modeling by this method. In this study, the composition concerned with multi-camera system which simultaneously analyzes structure from multi-station using various cameras was developed. The errors of results were analyzed to investigate the accuracy of the system, error of unknown points and control points, convergent and strip adjustment for optimal network design also. As results of this study, the efficiency of multi-camera system developed here was proved through application to monitoring the entire area of the precise model ship. We could also acquire 3-dimensional coordinates with good accuracy by arranging pass points. Therefore, possibility of measurement of instantaneous deformation as well as precision analysis of structures can be suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

Researches on integration of design and construction information from earlier era focused on the conceptual data models. Development and prevalent use of commercial database management system led many researchers to design database schemas for enlightening of relationship between non-graphic data items. Although these researches became the foundation fur the proceeding researches. they did not utilize the graphic data providable from CAD system which is already widely used. 4D CAD concept suggests a way of integrating graphic data with schedule data. Although this integration provided a new possibility for integration, there exists a limitation in data dependency on a specific application. This research suggests a new approach on integration for design and construction information, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology'. This methodology achieves integration by preliminary research on existing methodology using 4D CAD concept. and by development and application of new integration methodology, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology'. 'Design Component' can be converted into digital format by object based CAD system. 'Unified Object-based Graphic Modeling' shows how to model graphic product model using CAD system. Possibility of reusing design information in latter stage depends on the ways of creating CAD model, so modeling guidelines and specifications are suggested. Then prototype system for integration management, and exchange are presented, using 'Product Frameworker', and 'Product Database' which also supports multiple-viewpoints. 'Product Data Model' is designed, and main data workflows are represented using 'Activity Diagram', one of UML diagrams. These can be used for writing programming codes and developing prototype in order to automatically create activity items in actual schedule management system. Through validation processes, 'Product Model Centered Integration Methodology' is suggested as the new approach for integration of design and construction information.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1262-1272
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• 2009

In computer graphics, there exist many studies about illumination and radiance for a realistic description of the 3D modeling and rendering. When we see a scene, the scene is lit by a source of light and the radiance of the points by a source in the scene. The radiance has direct light and glight component. The direct light gets lights directly from light source, but the global light gets lights indirectly by interreflections among complicated geometrical components. In this paper, we studied a method for increasing the accuracy of separating direct light and global light components from a scene by using high frequency illumination pattern. For experiments, we applied the separating method of Nayar's and found the best configurations for the separation through the experiments. We improved the separation accuracy of direct and global light by measuring the value of unilluminated area, which depends on the characteristics of object. Furthermore, we enhanced invisible scene of the global light by applying the image filtering technique.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

Recently BIM technology has been expanded for using in construction project. Due to the high-cost of BIM infrastructure development, lack of regulations, lack of process and so forth, usage of BIM has been delayed than initial expectations. In design phase, especially, collaboration based on BIM system has been a key factor for successful next generation building project. Through the analysis of current research trends about IT technologies, virtualization and BIM service, data exchange such as drawings, 3D model, object data, properties using cloud computing and virtual server system is defined as a most successful solution. The purpose of this study is to enable the cloud computing BIM server to provide several main functions such as editing models, 3D model viewing and checking, mark-up and snapshot in high-performance quality by proper design of VDI system. Concurrent client connection performance is a main technical index of VDI. Through testing of test-bed server client, developed VDI system's multi-connect control is evaluated. Performance-test result of BIM server VDI effect to development direction of cloud computing BIM service for commercialization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 2017

Strengthening surveillance, one of the most important factors in the crime prevention environment of cultural heritages, has difficulty in evaluating and diagnosing the site. For this reasons, surveillance enhancement has been assessed by modelling the shape of cultural heritage, topography, and trees digitally. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation method of crime prevention environment for cultural heritage by using the 3D visual exposure index (3DVE) which can quantitatively evaluate the surveillance enhancement in three dimensions. For the study, the evaluation factors were divided into natural, organizational, mechanical, and integrated surveillance. To conduct the analysis, the buildings, terrain, walls, and trees of the study site were modeled in three dimensions and the analysis program was developed by using the Unity 3D. Considering the working area of the person, it is possible to analyze the surveillance point by dividing it into the head and the waist position. In order to verify the feasibility of the 3DVE as the analysis program, we assessed the crime prevention environment by digitally modeling the Donam Seowon(Historic Site No. 383) located in Nonsan. As a result of the study, it was possible to figure out the problems of patrol circulation, the blind spot, and the weak point in natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance of Donam Seowon. The results of the 3DVE were displayed in 3D drawings, so that the position and object could be identified clearly. Surveillance during the daytime is higher in the order of natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance, while surveillance during the night is higher in the order of organizational, mechanical, and natural surveillance. The more the position of the work area becomes low, the more it is easy to be shielded, so it is necessary to evaluate the waist position. It is possible to find out and display the blind spot by calculating the surveillance range according to the specification, installation location and height of CCTV. Organizational surveillance, which has been found to be complementary to mechanical surveillance, needs to be analyzed at the vulnerable time when crime might happen. Furthermore, it is note that the analysis of integrated surveillance can be effective in examining security light, CCTV, patrol circulation, and other factors. This study was able to diagnose the crime prevention environment by simulating the actual situation. Based on this study, consecutive researches should be conducted to evaluate and compare alternatives to design the crime prevention environment.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.350-364
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

Recently, Through the linkage and opening, the fusion of the spatial information, it is necessary for productive ecosystem to provide a variety of information and to increase the civil use. Depending on the economic growth, demand for quality of life and well-being has been on the increase. Spatial information service contents for the public convenience has emerged to solve the problem such as health, safety, welfare and discomfort of daily life This study aims to implement search services for a tailored residence space through the three-dimensional data modeling on cadastral information. To achieve this goal, we established the requirements for deriving a registered object by investigating recent trend with respect to existing cadastral data model and defined property and relationship. Focusing on Songpa-gu, Jamsil station in Seoul, we implemented search services for a tailored residence space for three-dimensional right analysis in conjunction with residential and commercial complex building. As a result, we derived a way to supply 3D cadastre information through open platforms (VWorld) and to represent efficiently, which is able to improve the quality of spatial information service contents for the public convenience as well as to widen utilization of information.