• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data for dental caries experience and occlusal pattern to utilize these data for motivating oral health promotion and activating oral health care programme in preschool children of multicultural family. Caries prevalence on primary teeth was surveyed for 3-5 years old 190 children of multicultural families in Chonbuk province. The results were as follows : 1. Dental caries prevalence rate of primary teeth (dmf rate) was 61.7% at 3 years of age, 88.7% at 4 years of age, and 92.6% at 5 years of age (p>0.05). 2. Average score of dmft index was 2.22 at 3 years of age, 4.97 at 4 years of age, and 6.62 at 5 years of age (p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was maxillary primary central incisor and showed 28.8% at 3 years of age, 56.7% at 5 years of age. 4. dmft index and dmfs index of children of Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Filipinos women were higher than those of Chinese and Japanese. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, flush terminal plane type was 82.6%, distal step type was 5.2% and mesial step type was 8.4%. This study is the first report for children of multicultural families in Korea. More attention for children of multicultural families will be needed in aspect of oral disease prevention and treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this survey is to determine the job and task satisfaction of physiotherapists. These are important factors because they are directly connected to both morale and work efficiency. Methods: Data was collected from March 9th, 2013 to April 15th, 2013 using self-administered questionnaires. First, Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to evaluate date reliability. Further data analysis used mean and standard deviation to determine frequency and satisfaction for each characteristic. To determine the significance of job and task satisfaction, T-test and an analysis of variance were performed. Also, regression analysis was used to find out a relation between job satisfaction of physiotherapist and task satisfaction of orthopaedic physical therapy. Result: This survey includes results from 197 physiotherapists who engage in orthopaedic physical therapy from major, medium and small cities. The general characteristics of survey respondents include: 112 males (56.9%), 85 females (43.1%); 123 in their twenties (62.4%), 56 in their thirties (28.4%), and 18 over forty (9.1%); 156 had less than five years work experience in orthopaedics, 25 had six to ten years, and 16 had more than eleven years work experience. In the physiotherapist's job satisfaction survey (out of 5), males averaged 3.71 and females averaged 3.43. Individuals with less than five years in the career averaged 3.5, 3.69 for between 6 to 10 years in career, 3.87 for over 11 years in career; this showed a significant difference. Results of the sub-factors of job satisfaction were 3.81 for self-esteem and 3.21 for prospect of occupation. Results of task satisfaction in orthopaedic therapy showed a significant difference between 4.03 for males and 3.66 for females. For sub-factors of task satisfaction scores were 3.81 for vision, 4.29 for task adoption, and 3.57 for task recognition. Conclusion: Physiotherapists will be satisfied when their motivation to work and morale are increased by concerns such as improving the education environment, expert physiotherapist adoption issue, and medical law revision.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.198-207
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• 1994

4, 919 Samples of the slaughtered cattle(female) were investigated the abattoir in southern Kangwon to reveal the incidence rates of abdominal fat necrosis from June to December 1993. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The incidence rate of abdominal fat necrosis investigated from 4, 919 samples was 4.39%. 2. It revealed that the incidence rate of abdominal fat necrosis increased gradually with the advance in the age, 2.5% in below 5 years, 6.0% in 6 years, 7.2% in 7 years, 8.5% in 7 years, 8.9% in older than 9 years and that incidence rate of the sites of lesion, pericolonic fat 84.7%, perirectumic fat 48.6%, perirenal fat 37.9%. mesenteric fat 24.0%, others 7.8%. 3. The size of necrotic fat were $2{\times}3cm{\sim}10{\sim}18{\times}15{\sim}25cm$ in average and color was yellowish white or milk white.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the longitudinal associations of the antioxidant capacity of zinc and body mass index (BMI) with serum uric acid (SUA) in South Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using follow-up data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort, we included subjects who were seen at 3 and 7 years of age (n = 183; 90 boys, 93 girls). Daily zinc intake and BMI were assessed at 3 and 7 years of age. SUA measured at 7 years was used as the outcome variable. Using a general linear model, the effects of dietary zinc intake and BMI on SUA were assessed. We also assessed the combined effect of early dietary zinc intake and BMI on SUA in children. RESULTS: The dietary zinc intake at 3 years of age was negatively correlated (ρ = -0.18, P = 0.04), whereas the BMI at 7 years of age was positively correlated (r = 0.18, P = 0.01), with the SUA level at 7 years of age. The dietary zinc intake level at 3 years of age and the BMI level at 7 years of age were, together, significantly related to SUA in children at 7 years of age. SUA was lower in group 1 (normal-weight, high-zinc group) than in the other two groups (group 2: normal-weight, low-zinc and overweight, high-zinc group; and group 3: overweight, low-zinc group). Our results demonstrate the combined effect of zinc intake and BMI on SUA. The combined association remained significant in both the crude and adjusted models (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SUA was related to combined BMI and dietary zinc intake, and increased zinc intake and normal body weight had a beneficial effect on reducing SUA in children.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of El Niño on highland kimchi cabbage production for the period from 1991-2016 in South Korea. Years with less than 1.0 Oceanic Niño index (ONI) were classified into non El Niño years, while years with equal to or greater than 1.0 ONI were defined as El Niño years. The national average production (3,444 kg 10a-1) of high kimchi cabbage in El Niño years tended to be less than that in non El Niño years (3,722 kg 10a-1) with significant differences (p = 0.0042) in the production between these groups of years. The averaged production of highland kimchi cabbage of El Niño end years (3,289 kg 10a-1) was less than those of El Niño start years and non El Niño years by 310 and 433 kg 10a-1, respectively. Such difference was significant statistically (p=0.035). According to our analysis, the differences in kimchi cabbage productions resulted from low temperature, short sunshine duration, and precipitation increase during the cultivation period of highland kimchi cabbage. This study may help for further analysis on the impact of extreme weather conditions during El Niño years on crop production.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 1998

This study was carried out during 3 years from March 1992 to March 1995, 140 healthy people and 140 C.V.A patients were investigated, at an oriental clinic in Taejon. The data collected was analysed using a SAS. The results are as follows. 1. The Relationships between patients who have undergone one or more abortion procedures and C.V.A occurrence. A statistical significant difference was recorded between the control group and the outpatients group of P<0.05 2. Number of years after initial C.V.A diagnosis before C.V.A symptom onset. within 1 years 52% (2-3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years, 5 years and over) 3. Additional diseases occurring after initial stroke 1 disease 50.7% (2, 3, 4, 5 or more) 4. Alcohol Consumption "A statistical significant difference was recorded between the control group and the outpatients group of" P<0.01 5. Previous Treatment Experience for stoke outpatients Oriental Hospital, clinic 64.3% (General Hospital, clinic, a public health center drug store, home remedies, etc) 6. Exercise Frequency Outpatients Regular 28.6%, Irregular 71.4% Control sample Regular 27%, Irregular 72.9% 7. Degree of Appetite "A statistical significant difference was recorded between the control group and the outpatients group of" P<0.01 8. People who include fish in their diet "A statistical difference was recorded between the control group and the outpatients group of" P<0.01.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2008

Untreated cryptorchidism contributes to infertility and may play a role in increasing the risk of malignancy. The appropriate time of operation was considered before school age in 1970s, 2 years of age in 1980s, and between 1 and 2 years of age from 1990s to present time. Orchiopexy is the most common operation for congenital urological problem of children. We analyze our experience of orchiopexies to evaluate the results and to identify the role of the pediatric surgeon. We reviewed the medical records of 91 patients who underwent orchiopexy from January 1996 to December 2007. The patient age at orchiopexy were as follows: 48 cases (52.7 %) under 2 years of age, 24 cases (26.4 %) between 3 and 5 years, 16 cases (17.6 %) between 6 and 10 years, and 3 cases (3.3 %) over 11 years. Location of testes was preperitoneum in all 91 cases. There were 84 unilateral and 7 bilateral cases. Among the unilateral cases, the undescended testes were on right side in 54 cases and on the left side in 30 cases. The surgical procedure employed in all cases was trans-inguinal orchiopexies. Seventy-nine patients had excellent results. There were 12 complications; 5 cases of wound infection and 7 cases of temporary incomplete descent. Seven cases of incomplete descent have become normal from 3 to 6 months after orchiopexy. According to our results, 43 cases (47.3 %) underwent orchiopexies over 2 years of age. In conclusion, orchiopexies were successful in most cases of cryptorchidism in terms of testicular position and growth. We suggest that pediatric surgeons should educate their primary care physicians and parents concerning the potential complications of cryptorchidism and the appropriate time of operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the subjective and objective fatigue level and the characteristics of seamen's physical strength with the service period on board, to have a new understanding of the vocation, and to explore a physical exercising program for the seamen. The questionnaire survey for the seamen who had been in service on the ocean going vessels was conducted and the results are fumed out as the followings. Total number of seamen who had answered the questionnaire was 64 persons and the distribution status of service period group was identified as 16 persons for each of 4 groups； the group was classified as the group of less than 5 years, 5 - 10 years, 10 - 15 years, and more than 15 years. 1. Working conditions Working hours in a week was identified as 44－56 hours(45.3%) and the number of 45.3% of the seamen answered the working hours in week is more than 56 hours. The seamen of 25.0% are unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their vocation. The seamen of 65.6% are smoking, and 45.3% of them drink. The seamen of 44.,3% drink once or more in a week. And the seamen of 67.2% do not take any exercise in a week. 2. Contribution to the seamen's fatigue and subjective symptom The most contributive factor to the seamen's fatigue was identified as the short of sleeping(21.5%), overwork(19.2%), poor working conditions (18.6%), and the friction in human relations also becomes one the contribution to the fatigue(14.0%). The subjective symptom by fatigue was identified as the feeling of languid, sleepy and tiredness of eyes. 3. Characteristics of the seamen's physical strength and Interrelations The grip strength and back strength of the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years were measured as 40.44kg and 127.8kg. The sit ups in the group of service period less than 5 years was measured as 36.84 times, and the vertical jump for the seamen in this group was measured as 46.55cm. The closed-eyes foot balance was measured as 33.64 seconds in the group of service period between 5 and 10 years, and side-step was measured as 35.31 times in the group of service period less than 5 years. The standing trunk flexion was measured as 10.54cm for the seamen whose service period is between 10-15 years, and the trunk extension was measured as 50.70cm for the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years. And the step test of the seamen whose service period is between 10-15 years was measured as 54.44 numbers, and the number of flickers of the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years was measured as 32.94.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.256-268
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• 1986

We'd experienced 172 cases of fatty liver among 3,713 cases, that was examined by ultrasonography at medical department, Dae Han Kyoyuk Ins. company for recent one year from november, 1984 to November, 1985. The conclusions are as follows; 1. The possessing rate of fatty liver is 4.63% in total caees 138/2234 male(6.18%), 34/2234 female(2.3%) and that in male is 2.7 times than female. 2. In the distribution of fatty liver for age, the group of $21{\sim}30$ years are 9/564 cases(1.6%), the group of $31{\sim}40$ years are 74/1777, the group of $41{\sim}50$ years are 59/976(6.05%),the group of $51{\sim}60$ years are 29/240(12.08%) with age, the possessing rate of fatty liver was increased. 3. For sex, age, the possessing rate of fatty liver, in male $21{\sim}30$ years 8/329 cases(2.43%), $31{\sim}40$ years 64/118(5.72%) $41{\sim}50$ years 43/618(6.96%), $51{\sim}60$ years 22/134(16.42%) and in female, $21{\sim}30$ years 1/335(0.3%), $31{\sim}40$ years 10/659(1.52%) $41{\sim}50$ years 16/358(4.47%), $51{\sim}60$ years 7/106(6.6%) and then in total sex, with age, the incidence was increased. 4. 172 cases in fatty liver, we could find 109 cases of obesity(63.37%), in female the rate was more. 5. The abnormal was 13.95% for the level of Fasting blood sugar of fatty liver 172 cases, the average level of blood sugar was high markedly in female, on the contrary the number of abnormal blood sugar level was high in male. 6. In liver function test of 172 cases of fatty liver, the abnormal of sGOT value was 18.6%, sGOT value 20.93%, average of abnormal group in sGOT value was 52.62 units, sGPT value 56.99 units.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.330-339
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the dietary habits and nutritional status of young children in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from the 2013 ~ 2015 KNHNES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) by health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. This study included 1,214 (445 aged 1 ~ 2 years, 769 aged 3 ~ 5 years) young children aged 1 ~ 5 years. To analyze the dietary status of young children, the general characteristics of young children and their mothers, their dietary behaviors and health factors, and nutritional status and frequently consumed foods were analyzed. Results: The starting time of bovine milk and weaning were 14 ~ 15 months and 6.2 months, respectively. Eighty two percent of young children ate breakfast 5 ~ 7 times per week while only 2.3% of them skipped breakfast. The highest percentage (35.8%) of the frequency of eating-out was 5 ~ 6 times per week. The prevalence of asthma, atopy, and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in young children 3 ~ 5 years old than in those 1 ~ 2 years old. The subjects with lower recommended energy intake were 44.1% and 57.4% of young children 1 ~ 2 years old and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively. Most nutrients except calcium and potassium were taken enough. For the intakes of calcium and potassium, 51% and 64% of young children 1 ~ 2 years and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively, were taking less than the recommended calcium intake, and 79.5% and 75.5% of young children 1 ~ 2 years and 3 ~ 5 years old, respectively, did not meet the recommended potassium intake. The frequently consumed foods of young children 1 ~ 2 years old were milk, white rice, apple, curd yogurt, and egg, and those of 3 ~ 5 years old children were milk, white rice, apple, egg, and mandarin. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to provide basic data for the nutritional education of mothers and teachers and assist in the development of sustainable dietary programs for young children.