• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to estimate the efficacy of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) on allergic rhinitis. Methods : We prescribed Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) for 15 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic with allergic rhinitis. We inquired into distribution of age, case history period, improvement of symptoms, etc. We used the statistical methods of student t-test in order to analysis of the different of symptom before and after treatment(p 〈0.05). Results : 1. The distribution of sex & age was as follows; Total patient were women. 10-19 years 2 cases, , 30-39 years 5 cases, 40-49 years 6 cases and 50-59 years 2 cases. 2. The case of history period was as follows; under a year 1 case, 1-3 years 3 cases, 3-5 years 2 cases, 5-10 years 4 cases and over 10 years 5 cases. 3. The amount of herbal medicine they took as follows: 1 je(劑) 1 case, 2 je(劑) 7 cases, 3 je(劑) 5 cases and 4 je(劑) 2 cases. 4. The frequency of acupuncture and moxibustion was as follows; under 5 times 1 case, 6-10 times 10 cases, 11-15 times 3 cases, over 16 times 1 case. 5. The nasal symptoms except the nasal mucosa color(pale) were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 6 The general symptoms except menstruation pain were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 7. The curative influence of rhinitis by Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) was as follows excellent 2 cases. good 11 cases, ineffectiveness 2 cases. Conclusion: If we administer Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒), it improves not only allergic symptoms such as the watery rhinorrhea, turbinate swelling, sneeze, nasal obstruction, etc but also coldness of the limbs(手足冷症), dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, etc. Therefore, we consider that administration of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒) improves in quality of life, as removes inconvenience of life and stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of reeducation of nursing process on nurses' expertise, critical thinking disposition, and clinical decision making. Methods: Data were collected from March to June, 2007. The subjects were 47 Academic Credit Bank System Student Nurses. They were taught 'nursing process' during 1 semester(15weeks). 47 nurses were divided into three groups according to clinical experience(under 3 years, 3 to under 5 years, 5 years or more). After 15 weeks, the effects of education were compared using a paired t-test between pre-test and post-test. Results: There was a significant difference in the 3 to under 5 years experienced nurses's expertise(t=-3.659, p=.004) between the pre-test and post-test. There was a significant difference in the 5 years or more experienced nurses's expertise(t=-5.781, p<.001) and critical thinking disposition(t=-3.345, p=.003) between the pre-test and post-test. There were no significant differences in clinical decision making(accuracy, proficiency, and confidence) of 3 groups. Conclusion: Reeducation of nursing process is a valuable teaching and an evaluation strategy for 5 years or more experienced nurses to improve expertise and critical thinking disposition. We need to develop continuing education program for improving nurses' clinical decision making.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3209-3212
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• 2012

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the older population, but it is also quite frequent among young adults in developing countries. The aim of this study was to update the trends of clinicopathological features of CRC in young Nepalese. Methods: A retrospective comparative study on the data retrieved from the surgical records of all patients between 20 to 39 years of age with CRC was carried out for periods of 5 years each from 1999 to 2003 (early) and 2004 to 2008 (recent), treated at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: The number of young adults with CRC increased from 28 to 34. However, the proportion of young patients in both groups was 28% of all CRC patients. The mean ages were $34{\pm}4.7$ and $31.8{\pm}5.1$ years in early and recent 5 years, respectively, and the male female ratio changed from 2:3 to 4:3. Abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom was replaced by bleeding per rectum in recent years. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to seeking medical advice decreased from 7.8 months to 5.6 months in recent years. More patients (85.3%) were subjected to endoscopic examination in recent years than early years (60.7%) and right colonic cancer increased from 10.7% to 26.5%. However, the rectum was the commonest site in both early (71.4%) and recent (50%) groups. CRC was detected significantly at an earlier stage (7.1% vs 32.4%) in recent years with large proportion of modified Dukes B stage. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology in both groups (50% vs 60.7%). Curative resection had risen in recent years (39.3% vs 73.6%). Conclusion: CRC among Nepalese young adults accounts for a high incidence (28%) of all CRC cases. Although right sided colonic cancer has been increasing, rectum is the commonest site. There is also an increasing trend for diagnosis at earlier stages of the disease which can be treated with curative intent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.269-273
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• 1986

We have examined 5,304 cases of claims by death that had occured for recent three years from January, 1983 to November, 1985 in Dae han kyoyuk Ins. Co. As a result, we came to following conclusions: 1. The total numbers of the deaths are increased for three years, but the deaths, classifying by medical examinations are decreased. 2. The great part of the death were due to Accident death(27.7%), occupied Number 1, malignant neoplasm(23.9%) Number 2 and Circulatory system disease(23.9%), which were the main canses of death in the insured people. 3. With age, section ranging from 30-39 years of death cases took extremely large portions by 35.2%. 4. For the period elapsed, the deaths within 2 years to ander 3 years, 18.6%, above 6 years, 18.6%, thus the period elapsed was longer more and more as years go. 5. By the deaths of malignant neoplasm, hepatoma in male and gastric cancer in female were important causes of death.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.717-720
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• 2001

Chemical compositions and physiological activities of Platycodon grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were investigated. Chemical compositions of P. grandiflorum roots grown for 24 years were moisture 82.7%, crude protein 1.6%, crude lipid 2.1% crude ash 0.7%. total sugar 6.0% total dietary fiber 2.3% crude saponin 3.4mg% and ascorbic acid 3.0 mg%. Contents of each components in 24 years old roots were higher than that in 4 years old roots and the most abundant mineral was potassium being 879.9mg/kg. Physiological activities of solvent extract from P. grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years old roots were higher than those of 4 years of old roots in the range of 10~40% respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.448-455
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• 1989

Till June 1988, We experienced 3 cases of single atrium at Dept. of Thoracic k Cardiovascular Surgery of National Medical Center. Case 1 was 26 years old female, and had single atrium associated with partial cleft in mitral anterior leaflet and PAPVC. Atrial septation with Dacron patch and MVR [I-S, 31 mm] were done, followed by TAP, De Vega. Postoperative course was good, OPD follow-up for about 4 years with normal physical activity and ordinary working. Case 2 was 4 years old female with single atrium alone. Atrial septation with pericardial patch. Good postoperative course and OPD follow-up for about 2 years with appropriate physical growth. Case 3 was 22 years old female, single atrium with complete cleft in the anterior and posterior mitral leaflet, and septal tricuspid cleft were identified. Atrial septation with polystan bovine pericardial patch and repair of mitral anterior cleft. Postoperatively, residual regurgitation of mitral and tricuspid valve, but tolerable in some limitation of physical activity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.66-71
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• 2017

Background: The sprouts of oak species play an important role in maintaining the oak community in a disturbed environment. In this study, we cut 1-year-old oak in three times during the 3 years and measured the sprout responses to know sprouting ability of six deciduous oaks in Korea. Results: Oak sprouts have appeared in spring and fall, and some of the sprouts had lifespan as short as a month. As the number of cutting increases, sprout number of Quercus acutissima increased whereas the other oak species decreased or died. The average number of sprouts over the 3 years was from 1.4 (Quercus mongolica) to 2.2 (Q. acutissima) per individual. Quercus serrata died after the second cutting, and Quercus dentata died after the third cutting. So, the two species have the lowest sprouting ability among six oak species. The sprouts grew actively during fall and slowly in summer. The sprout length during the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, and Q. mongolica. Sprout of Q. acutissima and Q. aliena generated steadily over the 3 years, and sprout of Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica was changed by year. After the 3 years, the number of sprouts increased only in Q. acutissima but sprout number of the other five oak species decreased. The sprout length of Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis increased, but sprout length of the other three oak species decreased. The average survival rate of saplings over the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. variabilis, and Q. mongolica. Conclusions: As a result, the sprouting ability of Q. acutissima was the highest. Such level of sprouting ability may be the evidence of how Q. acutissima community exists as a dominant species in a disturbed environment in lowlands of Korea peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 1995

This study was carried out to find cultivation condition of peony in Euiseong district from 1994 to 1995. 1. Age distribution in cultivation of peony was from 30's to 50's and cultivated years was mainly from 5 years to 10 years, but there was more than 15 years 2. Cultivating area per house hold were 1300 pyeong average, there were moderate $400{\sim]1000$ pyeong and also those are occupied 22.6% more than 2000 pyeong. 3. The mothods of transplanting in Euiseong peony which Euiseong district was mostly divided peony but Yeongchen district used seedling stock. No. of sprout was mostly $3{\sim}4$ and planting time was mainly from Mid to Late of October. 4. The percentage of sterilization of soil and seedling stock was 77. 4%, in mulching by vinyl in tran­splanting 64. 5% in black vinyl and 25. 8% in white one. 5. Number of plant in peony planting was $3000{\sim}4000$ plant per l0a even more there was more than 8000 plant. 6. Chemical spraying time in peony field was 2 time in $1{\sim}2$ years cultivating, and $3{\sim}4$ time in $3{\sim}4$ years one. 7. Condition of fertilizer application in peony field was 40% in non-application, but $56.7{\sim}76.7%$ in 2 year to 3 years, and the time of fertilizer was mainly 3 time. 8. Drying time peony after havesting was from 12 to 24 hours by briquet stove and 24 hours by ma­chine of hot wind, also dry method of peony was mixed briquet stove and hot wind machine.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The subjects were composed of 308 children who visited the department of pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ korean medicine hospital from January 2010 to May 2013. Results 1. Among 308 patients, there were 188 boys and 120 girls; their ratio was 1.57:1. The age distribution showed that 38.3% were in the age less than 1 years, 38.0% in 1 years, 7.8% in 2 years, 5.2% in 3 years, 3.3% in 4~5 years, 4.5% in 6~10 years, 2.9% in 19~21 years. 2. It was found that 36.7% of the sleep disorder was caused without motivation, 17.2% caused by negligent accidents, 13.9% by traffic accidents, 10.4% by the unfamiliar environment, 8.1% by separation from parents, 7.5% after suffering disease, and 6.2% by irritating sound. 3. The sleep onset insomnia accounts for 17.2% of sleep disorder, sleep maintenance insomnia for 67.5%, poor sleep quality 24.4%, and daytime sleep disorder takes 19.8%. The ratio of sleep onset insomnia in adolescence comprises larger proportion (44.4%) than it of any other age groups. 4. The symptoms complicated with sleep disorder are the respiratory infection which takes 25.3%, being easily startled 18.2%, anorexia 14.6%, soft stools frequency 13.0%, greenish stools 10.7%, and skin rash 10.7%. Conclusions The causes of sleep disorders, changes of sleeping patterns, and complicated diseases show diversity in children and adolescence. Further study of sleep disorders in children and adolescence should be progressed as well.