• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1470-1477
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• 2006

One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs ($6.62{\pm}0.36kg$) weaned at day $18{\pm}1$ were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p<0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p>0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p>0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). (2) Compared with the positive control, tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 (p<0.05), decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p<0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1455-1462
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether goose growth and feather characteristics are influenced by their line and feeding surroundings, inclusive of floor materials and types, since there are no reports regarding these factors. Methods: The 240 White Roman geese which were hatched and sex identified came from 3 commercial goose farms. They were randomly distributed to 24 pens depending on a completely random design. The study continued for 13 weeks and included 3 lines of commercial geese and 2 floor types (cement strip floor [CSF] or cement floor [CF]). Results: The day one gosling weight from A farm was lower than other two farms (96 g vs 107 and 115 g; p<0.001). Afterwards, the body weight, back length, keel length, chest girth and main wing feather length among 3 farms showed no significance difference prior to 12 weeks. The CF group showed heavier body weight, shorter back length, longer keel length, shorter chest girth and shorter main wing feather length than the CSF group prior to 12 weeks. The down weight in the CF was heavier than the CSF group (57.1 g vs 41.8 g; p<0.01) prior to 13 weeks. Conclusion: The body weight showed the positive relations for dry feather weight (r = 0.59), down weight (r = 0.69), percent of the down weight of live body weight prior to 13 weeks (r = 0.61).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1983

본 연구는 육용계의 복강지방 축적에 대한 결합능력추정을 위하여 White Cornish 2계통과White Plymouth Rock 2계통을 상호 역교배시켜 16개 교배조합을 생산하여 각 교배조합당 60수씩 960수를 혈통번식시켜 2주 간격으로 체중, 복강지방량 및 체중에 대한 복강지방 비율에 대한 결합능력을 추정하였다. 1. 육계의 복강지방량의 생체중 대 비율은 4주영부터 암탉이 수탉보다 높았다. 2. 일반결합능력에 있어서 체중은 암수 공히 각주령에 유의성이 있었으며 복강지방량에서 암탉은 2. 8, 10 및 12주령에 유의성이 있었고 수탉은 2, 6 및 12주령에 유의성이 있었으며 복강지방의 생체중 대 비율에서는 암탉은 10 및 12주령에 유의성이 있었으나 수탉에서는 유의성이 없었다. 3. 특수결합능력에서 체중은 암탉에서 4, 6, 10 및 12주령 수탉에서 4, 8, 및 12주령에 유의성이 있었으며 복강지방량은 암탉에서 4, 8, 10 및 12주령에 유의성이 있었으나 수탉에서는 유의성이 없었으며 복강지방의 생체량 대 비율은 암탉에서 4 및 8주령에 유의성이 있었으나 수탉에서는 유의성이 없었다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the change of the reduction in body weight and the change of body composition after fasting therapy, Chulsikyopub, which was put into practice in Dept. of oriental rehabilitation medicine at Kyung Hee oriental hospital. Method : We measured body weight, body composition, and the degree of obesity 2 weeks after fasting therapy and 10 weeks after fasting therapy with body composition analyzer(Inbody 2.0). Statistical comparisons between pre-therapy group and post-therpay group were done by paired t-test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Results : 2 weeks after fasting therapy, body weight was decreased 7.33kg(9.18%), body fat was decreased 2.47Kg(7.24%), muscle weight was decreased 4.66kg(11.37%), body fat ratio was increased 1.08%, and body metabolic rate(BMR) was decreased 118.23kcal(8.22%). 10 weeks after fasting therapy, each of body weight and fat was decreased 10.4Kg, muscle weight was increased 0.3Kg(0.7%), body fat ratio was decreased 7.9%, and BMR was increased 6.8Kcal(0.47%). But muscle weight and BMR did not satisfy statistical significance. Conclusions : fasting therapy for 10 weeks reduced body weight and body fat statistically significant without loss of muscle weight and BMR.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of reproductive ability on weeks and body weights of broiler breeder males. From 26 to 36 week, volume of semen and body weight were increased. Total concentration was highest at 36 week(P〈0.05), being 21.14$\times$10(sup)8 cells. Mean of total concentration was 14.66$\times$10(sup)8 cells and 11.59$\times$10(sup)8 cells in young(26∼55 weeks) and old(60∼89 weeks) broiler breeder males, respectively. Percentage of fertile eggs, viability and hatchability on weeks were 96.33, 89.55, 86.25% in the young broiler breeder males, 94.84, 91.73 and 86.97% the old broiler breeder males, respectively. The values were not significantly different between the young and old broiler breeder males. While the body weight of cocks was less than 3.5kg, it was not possible to collect semen. Semen collection rate was the best in 4.5∼5.0kg of males, total concentration was highest in 5.0∼5.5kg, volume of semen was highest in 5.5∼6.0kg body weight. More than 80% of the males were in the range of 4∼6kg body weight. Sperm motility was acceptable for breeding.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2001

In Oriental medicine, there has been a theory that the deficiency of the Qi(氣) and the Phlegm(濕)-Damp(痰) bring Obesity. And so a clinically representative herb-medicine of the obesity treatments is Chegameyiin-tang . We observed the effects of Chegameyiin-tang on the fat tissues and what the function of Chegameyiin-tang is. These experimental studies were designed to investigate the effects of Chegameyiin-tang on the weight and lipid metabolism of obesity rats induced by high fat diet. And what is changed in the blood and how the leptin and uncoupled protein is affected. The measurement has been performed on (1) the weight of obese rats fed high fat diet, (2) the average size and number of epididymal fat cells, (3) the total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose. and free fatty acids in the blood. and (4) the leptin and uncoupled protein in the blood are observed. The results are as follows; 1. In the sample group, the weight decrease occured significantly throughout the whole research period than that of control group. 2. In the sample group, epididymal fat weight showed significantly decrease in the 8th and 14th weeks than that of control group.3. In the sample group, epididymal fat cell size was decreased significantly in the 8th and 14th weeks than that of control group. 4. In the sample group, total cholesterol. triglyceride and glucose increased rather than control group in 8 weeks, those decreased significantly in 14 weeks. 5. In the sample group, free fatty acids and insulin increased rather than control group in 8 weeks. those showed some decrease in 14 weeks . 6. In the sample group, leptin decreased significantly than control group in 8, 14 weeks. Uncoupled protein showed some decrease in 8 weeks. that decreased significantly in 14 weeks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.715-726
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• 1997

This study was conducted longitudinally following the total nitrogen , total lipid, and lactose concentrations and their factors on concentrations of energy-yielding nutrients in human milk from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum of 45 lactating Korean mothers. All samples were from well-defined subjects. And uniform collection procedures were used . Total nitrogen concentration of milk decreased significantly from 385mg/이 at 2-5 days to 201mg/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration increased from 1.98g/dl at 2-5 days to 3.09g/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. However, there was a large variation in the concentration of total lipids. Lactose concentration increased signifciantly from 6.53g/dl at 2-5 days to 7.48g/dl at 12 weeks. Total nitrogen concentration in milk was positively related to pregnancy weight gains at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration was positively related to infant birth weight : however, it was negatively related to the maternal weight loss. In addition, total lipid concentration was positively related to parity and maternal percentage body fat at 12 weeks postpartum. Milk lactose concentration was positively related to parity at 2 weeks postpartum.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lift to the shoe of the affected limb on gait patterns in subjects with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were 18 post-stroke hemiplegics. For the study, insole of the paretic side was lifted 10mm higher, and duration of static weight bearing, dynamic weight bearing and stance phase were measured from one cycle of the gait, before and after the lift application. For the measurement of carry-over effect of lift, we got data of those three items prior to and 3 weeks after lift application and 3 days after removal of the lift. Static weight bearing was significantly increased both just after and continuous application of lift for 3 weeks than before. Dynamic weight bearing was significantly decreased in heel contact and footflat phases only when just after application of the lift, without any change after 3 weeks application. In heel-off phase, dynamic weight bearing did not show any significant difference between before and just after application of lift whereas significantly decreased after 3 weeks application. Duration of stance phase was not changed among anytime of application. According to this study, lift applied to the shoe of the peretic limb was effective in inducing static weight bearing in the paretic limb, but did not significantly effect dynamic weight bearing on gait patterns. This study suggests that symmetry, induced by shoe lift applied to the paretic limb, could help correct abnormal posture that would be caused in standing and prevent development of abnormal muscle tone in subjects with hemiplegia caused by unilateral stroke.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 1985

The work was conducted to clarify the development of testes and histological changes of the Seminiferous tubules that is the Surface area, diameter, length of the tubules and the process of Spermatic cells growth in Seminal epithelium in relation to Sexual maturity of the meat-type cockerels. In addition the present experiments were planned to gain some basic data helpful for the study of reproductive physiology in meat-type cockerels and also to compare the histological changes Seminiferous tubules between egg and general purpose type cockerels. 1. The growth pattern of body weight, testes and comb was classified into four phase according to age. Body weight increased up to about 2kg at 2nd stage and to 4.3kg at 4th stage while at 3rd stage the growth rate of body weight was slower. The tests developed slowly until 22 weeks of age with no correlation to the growth of body weight. However, it grew rapidly afterwards, reaching 27.79$\pm$9.26gm and 42.46$\pm$5.33 gm at 24 and 28 weeks of age, respectively. The spermatozoa was seen first at 24 weeks of age. On the other hand, comb grew at similar rate to the testes, weighing on the average 21.78$\pm$6.48gm and 41.42$\pm$1.25gm at 24 and 28 weeks of age, respectively. 2. The areal rate of the Seminiferous tubules to interstitial tissues was 66%:34% at 2 weeks of age and the rate of the former increased in comparison to that of the latter as they grew older, becoming 94%:7% between at 24 weeks of age, when the testes weight increased rapidly too. 3. Diameter of Seminiferous tubules at 2 weeks of age was 42.76$\pm$1.04$\mu$m and then it gradually increased as the testes grew until 22 weeks of age, when it grew rapidly, increasing about 2.9 times of those of 2 weeks and at last increased up to 5 times at 24 weeks. 4. Length of Seminiferous tubules was 4.5cm at 2 weeks and then it was gradually increased. At 22 weeks old the length of tubules was icnreased rapidly being 321 meter and increased more than double, being 658 meter at 24 weeks old. 5. The cells of Seminal epithelium developed poorly and the number of cells were relatively few until 16 weeks old. Afterwards the cells increased rapidly in number and at 18 weeks, the number became twice of those of 16 weeks, reaching 140.43$\pm$43.6. At 24 weeks the cells increased more rapidly, reaching to 10 layers and Spermatozoa were first time seen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Objective: POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) mediates growth hormone expression and activity by altering transcription, eventually resulting in growth rate variations. Therefore, we aimed to identify chicken POU1F1 polymorphisms and evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and growth-related traits, and logistic growth curve parameter traits (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$). Methods: Three SNPs (M_1 to M_3) were used to genotype 585 $F_1$ and 88 $F_0$ birds from five Korean native chicken lines using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Single marker analyses and traits association analyses showed that M_2 was significantly associated with body weight at two weeks, weight gain from hatch to 2 weeks, and weight gain from 16 to 18 weeks (p<0.05). M_3 was significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks and from 16 to 18 weeks, and asymptotic body weight (${\alpha}$) (p<0.05). No traits were associated with M_1. The POU1F1 haplogroups were significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks (p = 0.020). Linkage disequilibrium test and Haploview analysis shown one main haploblock between M_2 and M_3 SNP. Conclusion: Thus, POU1F1 significantly affects the growth of Korean native chickens and their growth curve traits.