• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analysis the seismic response of 200m spanned honeycomb lattice domes under horizontal and up-down ground motion of El Centro earthquake. For the analysis of seismic response of the honeycomb lattice domes by rise/span ratio, the time history analysis is used for the estimation of the dynamic response. The low rise lattice dome is less deformed and less stressed than the high rise lattice dome for the earthquake ground motion. The 3-dimensional earthquake response is not significantly different the dynamic response of one directional ground motion. The earthquake response of domes with LRB isolation system is significantly reduced for the asymmetric vertical deformation and the horizontal and vertical accelerations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1999

Seismic evaluation of a 32-story reinforced concrete framed tube building is performed by checking damageability, safety, and toughness limit states. The evaluation is based on Standard 2800 (Iranian seismic code) which recommends equivalent lateral static force, modal superposition, or time history dynamic analysis methods to be applied. A three dimensional linearly elastic model checked by ambient vibration test results is used for the evaluation. Accelerograms of three earthquakes as well as linearly elastic design response spectra are used for dynamic analysis. Damageability is checked by considering story drift ratios. Safety is evaluated by comparing demands and capacities at the story and element force levels. Finally, toughness is studied in terms of curvature ductility of members. The paper explains the methodology selected and various aspects in detail.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.315-334
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• 2011

Seismic isolated building structures are examined in this study. The triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP) is used as a seismic isolation system which is easy to be manufactured and enduring more than traditional seismic isolation systems. In the TCFP, take advantage of weight which pendulum carrying and it's geometry in order to obtain desirable result of seismic isolation systems. These systems offer advantage to buildings which subject to severe earthquake. This is result of damping force of earthquake by means of their internal constructions, which consists of multiple surfaces. As the combinations of surfaces upon which sliding is occurring change, the stiffness and effective friction change accordingly. Additionally, the mentioned the TCFP is modeled as of a series arrangement of the three single concave friction pendulum (SCFP) bearings. A two dimensional- and eight- story of a building with and without isolation system are used in the time history analysis in order to investigate of the effectiveness of the seismic isolation systems on the buildings. Results are compared with each other to emphasize efficiency of the TCFP as a seismic isolation device against the other friction type isolation system like single and double concave surfaces. The values of the acceleration, floor displacement and isolator displacement obtained from the results by using different types of the isolation bearings are compared each other. As a result, the findings show that the TCFP bearings are more effective devices for isolation of the buildings against severe earthquakes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2021

옹벽은 절, 성토부가 포함된 토지의 효율적 이용을 위하여 설치하는 대표적인 옹벽 구조물이다. 과거 국토개발 시기에는 시공성, 구조적 안정성 및 경제성에 치중하였다면, 최근에는 친환경적이고 내진 안정성을 갖춘 옹벽기술개발의 필요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 자연석을 활용한 친환경적 옹벽 구조물(Eco-BELT)을 제시하고 지진 시 동적 거동특성을 2, 3차원 수치해석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 자연석과 배면 뒤채움 흙 사이에 형성되는 접촉면을 고려하여 수치해석에 적용하였으며 동적거동에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수로서 뒤채움재의 다짐도를 기준으로 다짐도 증가에 따른 동적거동을 분석하고 T형 후방지지물의 유무에 따른 내진성능 향상을 수치해석적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 다짐도 증가 시 옹벽 수평변위가 최대 29.5% 감소하여 다짐도 증가에 따른 내진안정성 증대효과를 확인하고 T형 후방지지물 설치 시 최대 수평변위는 약 21.2~21.9%가 감소하는 것으로 산출되어 지진하중 재하 시 T형 후방지지물의 보강효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

This paper presents a systematic numerical analysis to obtain the re-centering and energy dissipation capacities of Chevron braced steel frames subjected to seismic loadings. In order to develop a recentering seismic resistance system excluding a residual deformation, the chevron braced steel frames are assembled using super-elastic SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) braces. The three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models are constructed to investigate the horizontal stiffness, hysteretic behaviors, and failure modes of the re-centering Chevron bracing system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2019

The finite element method (FEM) is widely used to evaluate the seismic performance of pile-supported buildings. However, there are problems associated with modeling the pile end resistance using the FEM, such as the dependence on the mesh size. This paper proposes a new method of modeling around the pile tip to avoid the mesh size effect in two-dimensional (2D) analyses. Specifically, we consider the area of influence around the pile tip as an artificial constraint on the behavior of the soil. We explain the problems with existing methods of modeling the pile tip. We then conduct a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of a pile in various soil conditions to evaluate the area of influence of the soil around the pile tip. The analysis results show that the normalized area of influence extends approximately 2.5 times the diameter of the pile below the pile tip. Finally, we propose a new method for modeling pile foundations with artificial constraints on the nodal points within the area of influence. The proposed model is expected to be useful in the practical seismic design of pile-supported buildings via a 2D analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.657-671
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• 2015

The level of ductility is determined by depending on the intended use of the building, the region's seismic characteristics and the type of structural system when buildings are planned by engineers. Major portion of seismic energy is intended to be consumed in the plastic zone in structural systems of high ductility, so the occurrence of damages in load bearing and non-load bearing structural elements is accepted in planning stage under severe earthquakes. However, these damages must be limited among specific values in order not to endanger buildings in terms of the bearing capacity. Isolators placed between the basement and upper structure make buildings behave elastically by reducing the effects of seismic loads and improving seismic performance of building significantly. Thus, damages can be limited among desired values. In this study, the effectiveness of seismic isolation is investigated on both fixed based and seismic isolated models of a hospital building with high ductility level with regard to lateral displacements, internal forces, structural periods and cost of the building. Layered rubber bearings are interposed between the base of the structure and foundation. Earthquake analysis of the building are performed using earthquake records in time domain (Kocaeli, Loma Prieta and Landers). Results obtained from three-dimensional finite element models are presented by graphs and tables in detail. That seismic isolation reduces significantly the destructive effects of earthquakes on structures is seen from the results obtained by seismic analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.207-227
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• 2022

In general, the interaction conditions between the discrete stones are not taken into account by structural engineers during the modeling and analyzing of historical stone bridges. However, many structural damages in the stone bridges occur due to ignoring the interaction conditions between discrete stones. In this study, it is aimed to examine the seismic behavior of a historical stone bridge by considering the interaction stiffness parameters between stone elements. For this purpose, Tokatli historical stone arch bridge was built in 1179 in Karabük-Turkey, is chosen for three-dimensional (3D) seismic analyses. Firstly, the 3D finite-difference model of the Tokatli stone bridge is created using the FLAC3D software. During the modeling processes, the Burger-Creep material model which was not used to examine the seismic behavior of historical stone bridges in the past is utilized. Furthermore, the free-field and quiet non-reflecting boundary conditions are defined to the lateral and bottom boundaries of the bridge. Thanks to these boundary conditions, earthquake waves do not reflect in the 3D model. After each stone element is modeled separately, stiffness elements are defined between the stone elements. Three situations of the stiffness elements are considered in the seismic analyses; a) for only normal direction b) for only shear direction c) for both normal and shear directions. The earthquake analyses of the bridge are performed for these three different situations of the bridge. The far-fault and near-fault conditions of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are taken into account during the earthquake analyses. According to the seismic analysis results, the directions of the stiffness parameters seriously changed the earthquake behavior of the Tokatli bridge. Moreover, the most critical stiffness parameter is determined for seismic analyses of historical stone arch bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.465-478
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• 2002

This study lays emphasis on the development of efficient analytical models for a multistory structure with wings, including the in-plane deformation of floor slabs. For this purpose, a multistory structure with wings is regarded as the combination of multistory structures with rectangular plan and their junctions. In addition, a multistory structure with a rectangular plan is considered to be an assemblage of two-dimensional frames and floor slabs connecting two adjacent frames at each floor level. This modeling, concept can be easily applied to multistory structures with plans in the shape of L, T, Y, U, H, etc. To represent the in-plane deformation of floor slabs efficiently, a two-dimensional frame and the floor slab connecting two adjacent frames at each floor level are modeled as a stick model with two degrees of freedom per floor and a stiff beam with shear deformations, respectively. Three models are used to investigate the effect of in-plane deformation of the floor slab at the junction of wings on the seismic behavior of structures. Based on the comparison of dynamic analysis results obtained using the proposed models and three-dimensional finite element models, it could be concluded that the proposed models can be used as an efficient tool for an approximate analysis of a multistory structure with wings.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 지반-구조물 상호작용 시스템에 대하여 기초의 부분적 들림을 고려할 수 있는 새로운 해석적 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법은 시스템의 3 차원 거동, 수직입력의 영향, 지반반력의 비선형분포 등도 함께 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 기초가 들릴때 지반강도 및 감쇠값의 비선형성을 나타내기 위해서는 기초의 접지면적 감소뿐만 아니라 기초회전에 따른 건물의 강체운동효과와 지반반력작용의 이동 등의 영향도 동시에 고려하였다. 다양한 예제해석을 통하여 내진해석시 기초의 부분적 들림을 고려하게 되면 기초부에서의 변위는 크게 증가하는 반면 구조물 상부에서의 탄성변위 응답치 및 가속도 응답치는 감소한다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 수직입력, 비선형 지반반력분포 3차원 거동 등은 그 영향을 무시하게 되면 불안전측의 지진응답치를 주므로 해석시 필히 고려되어야 한다는 사실을 밝혔다.