• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2005

3-dimension object's feature measurement is used several industrial field to produce for examination of demanded high quality products by using optical measurement method. 3-dimension object's feature measurement is separated surface scanning and surface non-scanning. In this research, we illuminated interfero-pattern to object, it was constructed with Michelson interferometer by using laser is one of surface non-scanning method. And we extracted phase-map, it is one of featural measurement analysis of 3-dimensional object by using a phase shifting theory.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 1999

This study is to make suggestion for developing textbook systematically by analyzing biological contents and organization in science textbooks which are important instructional media to accomplish objectives of the 6th middle school science curriculum. The inclusiveness degree of the 6th science educational objectives reflected in the textbooks was analyzed by Klopfer's and the Korean Educational Department's objectives taxonomy. And the biological contents and the organization of the science textbook were analyzed by learner, subject matter, and society dimensions which are selecting criteria for curriculum objectives suggested in Tyler's curriculum model. The analyzed results are as follows: 1. The inclusiveness degree of the educational objectives was very low. 2. Regarding the dimension of learner, the concepts of formal operational cognitive level were much increased as grade becomes higher. And the degree of learner's interests reflected on the learning topics and domains was very low. 3. Regarding the dimension of subject matter, the concept-centered learning was increased, in relation to inquiry learning as grade becomes higher. The analyzed results of inquiry subskills showed that observation, classification, and recording skills in 1st grade, observation and operation skills in 2nd grade, and interpreting data skills in 3rd grade were centered. As the problems and processes were presented, so most of inquiry activities had low openness scale. The learning contexts were organized into discipline-centered in relation to real life. 4. Regarding society dimension, the learning topics of environments and health were much presented. but those of biotechnology and career were presented scarcely. And most learning topics related society dimension were organized in textbooks of the 2nd and 3rd grade. These suggested that to accomplish curriculum objectives effectively. the inclusiveness degree of educational objectives is to increase and, the contents and organization of textbook were constructed harmoniously in aspects of learner, subject matter and society dimensions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2004

Following the previous experiments, a starvation experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding and starvation on the histological and biochemical changes, the morphormetric changes in the sectioned body and the morphometric changes in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry). The influence of starvation on nutritional conditions of the histological changes of hepatocyte and intestinal epithelium as hepatosmatic index (HSI), protein, RNA and DNA concentrations of liver in R. oxycephalus was tested. Although the starved group showed higher concentrations of protein, DNA and RNA than the fed group, food deprivation resulted in a decrease in the HSI, hepatocyte nucleus size and nuclear height of the intestinal epithelium. The RNA - DNA ratio appears to be a useful index of nutritional status in R. oxycephalus and may be useful for determining if R. oxycephalus is in a period of rapid or slow growth at the time of sampling. Additionally, the data have been interpreted in detail and some biologically important relationships discussed. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of R. oxycephalus. Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index (P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed. A 75-day study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on classical and truss parameters in R. oxycephalus. Truss dimensions of almost the entire head and trunk region as well as the abdomen were increased significantly through feeding or starvation (P<0.05). Truss dimensions of the caudal region generally decreased through feeding or starvation, particularly those dimensions at the hind part of the trunk. There were some significant decreases in classical dimensions of the head region during feeding, in relation to body depth characteristics in the trunk and caudal region during starvation, whereas there was only one decreasing classical dimension in the caudal region during feeding. The results of this study indicate that application of the truss network as a character set enforces classical coverage across the body form, discrimination among experimental groups thus being enhanced. Considering that the dimension of the lower part of the head and some truss and classical dimensions were least affected by feeding and starvation, these dimensions may then be useful as a taxonomical indicator to discriminate the species of Rhynchocypris sp. The value of trunk region dimensions with a large component of body depth in R. oxycephalus is most likely to be compromised by variability related to differences in feeding regimes of fish in different habitats.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to create a 3D avatar from 3D human body shape data using the CLO 3D virtual clothing program and to verify the feasibility of avatar production using the virtual clothing system for verifying size and shape. The research method was to select one virtual representative model that is the closest to the mean size of each body item for each age group. Using the 3D human body scan shape of a 40-69 years old male was applied to the CLO 3D virtual wearing system. Using the CLO 3D Avatar conversion menu, we verified the feasibility of creating a 3D avatar that reproduces the human body scan shape. In the dimension comparison between the 3D avatar and the fictitious representative model, the dimension difference was noticeable in height, circumference, and length. However, as a result, the converted 3D avatar showed less than a 5% difference in most human dimensions. In addition, since the body shape and posture were reproduced similarly, the utilization of the avatar was verified.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.149-165
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• 1993

Nowadays, the field hydraulic test is still an only method to evaluate groundwater characteristics in subsurface. The results of hydraulic test are very important for the concept model of fracture hydrogeology as well as the geometric pattern of fractures. The hydraulic tests performed in Korea are generally analysed under such assumption as steady radial flow in homogeneous aquifer or along simple geometry of fractures. Also the transmissivity measured in a fixed interval length is equivalent to a sum of individual fracture transmissivities in test legth. The boundary effects of weH hydraulics and the geometry of flow paths are hardly obtained from the test results analysed by a steady flow method. To circumvent this problem, the flow dimensional analysis was attempted from the results of constant pressure injection test carried out in a fractured granite area. A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity values from the transient and steady analysis shows that the latter is about a factor of 2~3 higher than the former. However, it was possible to analyse a flow dimension of each test interval from flow rate variation with time. The upper part of the bedrock(<10m deep) indicates an open boundary and the flow dimension shows nearly steady states, while the lower part of the bedrock(>25m deep) is characterized as sublinear flow dimension with a dosed boundary. In one of the test sections(15m deep), the flow dimension was changed from linear flow to spherical flow. From the experience of this study, one of the immediate problems to be solved is to enhance the field testing equipments, i.e., an accurate flowmeter with autorecording and a pressure detecting device to be able to install in the test section.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Anatomic landmarks have been used in the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Such as labial vestibules of anterior region and hamular notches, retromolar pads of posterior region are very useful anatomic landmarks for fabrication of occlusion rim because they are to be identified on master casts. Therefore, if average distances between landmarks of maxillae and mandible in dentate subjects are measured and applied, not only occlusal plane but also vertical dimension can be established initially. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to measure vertical distances between anatomic landmarks and to present a guide to the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension of edentulous patients. Material and method. Upper and lower border-molded casts were made in 93 Korean dentulous subjects, mean age 25 years. Incisal edges of central incisors, bottoms of labial vestibules, hamular notches and the half level of retromolar pads were marked on casts. Measurements of vertical distances from incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule, between upper and lower bottoms of labial vestibules, from hamular notch to retromolar pad and from hamular notch to the occlusal plane established by the incisal edge of maxillary central incisor and mesiopalatal cusps of both maxillary first molars were made on each cast. Results and conclusion. 1. The mean distance from the incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule was 20.8mm(SD 1.7) on upper casts and 17.3mm(SD 1.4) on lower casts. 2. The mean distance between both bottoms of labial vestibules of upper and lower casts was 35.0mm(SD 2.7). 3 The mean distance from hamular notch to the half level of retromolar pad was 5.0mm(SD 1.3). 4. The mean distance from hamular notch to occlusal plane was 7.9mm(SD 1.5). 5. Distances from incisal edge of central incisor to labial vestibule on lower casts(P<0.01) and from hamular notch to retromolar pad(P<0.0001) were greater in male than in female.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

The loss of posterior occlusal support leads to further complications such as collapsed occlusal plane and reduced vertical dimension, and it may cause problems such as facial appearance change, reduced chewing efficiency, and temporomandibular joint disorders. In such case, it is necessary to re-establish occlusal plane and vertical dimension properly through accurate diagnosis and predictable treatment plan. This case report presents a 71-year-old female, whose occlusal plane was collapsed and posterior restorative space was insufficient. To perform a patient-friendly full mouth rehabilitation, proper vertical dimension and occlusal plane were decided by evaluation of interocclusal space at her physiologic mandibular rest position, swallowing, pronunciation, facial appearance, and the average length of anterior teeth. And then, the fixed provisional restorations were fabricated with the new occlusal position, and evaluated for 5 months with checking adaptation of masticatory muscles and any kind of clinical symptoms occurs or not. After confirmation of functional stability and esthetic satisfaction with the newly established occlusion, final definitive restorations were fabricated and inserted in the mouth. Through the above process, the treatment result was functionally and aesthetically satisfactory.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.559-570
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• 2003

The focus of this research was concerned with studying lower body type for Korean adult males. To understand the features of men's lower body required to organize an optimal sizing system for men's tight-fit slacks, information from the measuring values based on research on the physical standard of the nation(l997) were summarized; in addition, a factor analysis and a cluster analysis among multivariate analyses were performed. In terms of the need for appropriate fit in motorcycle wear, basic lower body parts applying to each item had to be taken into consideration to enhance sizing suitability. In the case of the length of the lower limbs, the inclusion of protectors plays an important role in affecting sizing. The factors related to the lower body were defined as follows: Factor 1 was the vertical dimension of the lower body, Factor 2 was the horizontal dimension of waist and hip, Factor 3 was the horizontal dimension of the lower limbs, Factor 4 was the length of hips, and Factor 5 was the ankle height. The lower body part was also divided into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 referred to the smallest stature and skeleton structure among the 3 body types. Cluster 2 represented the biggest stature, with a thin lower limbs body type. Cluster 3 represented a medium stature but with a large skeleton structure of lower limbs, a muscular type. In conclusion, Cluster 2 appeared most in the 20s age groups, but Cluster 3 appeared most in each of the 30s, 40's, and 50's age groups.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.183-188
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study bone changes after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy through fractal analysis and measurement of mandibular cortical thickness. Materials and Methods: This study included twenty-two prognathic patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Panoramic radiographs of these patients were taken immediately before operation and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The fractal dimension was measured by the box-counting method in the region of interest centered on both the basal and interdental bones between the first and second mandibular molars. Measurements of mandibular cortical thickness were taken both in the area between the first and second mandibular molars and at the osteotomy site. Changes of fractal dimension and cortical thickness over four stages were statistically analyzed. Results: The fractal dimension of the mandibular basal bone before surgery and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months were $1.4099{\pm}0.0657,\;1.382{\pm}0.0595,\;1.2995{\pm}0.0949,\;and\;1.4166{\pm}0.0676$, respectively (Repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were noted in interdental fractal dimensions among the four stages. Mandibular cortical thickness between the first and second mandibular molars before operation and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months was $3.74{\pm}0.48mm,\;3.63{\pm}0.47mm,\;3.41{\pm}0.61mm\;and\;3.55{\pm}0.66mm$ (P<0.01), respectively. Mandibular cortical thickness at the osteotomy site at each of the four stages was $3.22{\pm}0.44mm,\;2.87{\pm}0.59mm,\;2.37{\pm}0.61mm\;and\;2.64{\pm}0.62mm$, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the mandibular tissue continued decreasing for 6 months postoperatively and then increased over the subsequent 6 months.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6551-6557
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• 2015

This paper discusses the surface roughness of corroded reinforcement rebar-in-coil focusing on the quantitative measurement technique using 3D scanner. Reinforcement rebar-in-coil was stacked in site for 0 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. And rebar-in-coil was corroded 0.04%, 0.3367%, 0.6157%, 0.7898%, and 1.1965% respectively. Using 3-dimensional scanner, each surface profile of reinforcement rebar-in-coil was established, and surface roughness was measured. Through the tests and analyses of corroded rebar-in-coil, the increase of fractal dimension for each rebar-in-coil was measured as 0.0216, 0.0235, 0.028, 0.0319, and 0.0455 for different stacked periods. Therefore, surface assessment technique using fractal dimension showed similar results with the actual corrosion rate.