• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate facemask effects when two types of intraoral appliances were used for maxillary protraction for patients with class III malocclusion. Eighteen patients with class III malocclusion were treated with a facemask for an average of 12 months. Two types of intraoral appliances were used: nine patients were treated with bonded expander (Group 1), and nine patients with Hyrax (Group 2). Cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment. Cephalometric radiographs were traced, analyzed, and the results such as sagittal, vertical and soft-tissue changes were compared between two groups. The amount of anchorage loss was also measured to evaluate the difference between two groups. All patients showed significant sagittal skeletal changes after treatment, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. When anchorage loss was evaluated, no differences were shown between the two. Facemask with Hyrax or bonded expander is similarly an effective method as a treatment in class III malocclusion patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 1996

This study was investigated the changes during treatment and retention period in the Class III malocclusion patients and explored the correlationship between factors that showed relapse tendencies and pre-treatment skeletal pattern and the changes during treatment period. Numbers of total sample were 24 and their Hellman's dental age at the start of treatment was over III B and were retained at least over 1 year 6 months. The following conclusion were obtained by comparing the differences between treatment period and retention period, and after analysing the correlationship of factors that manifested relapse tendencies. 1. The angles formed by FH plane and occlusal plane, FH plane and mandibular plane, and mandibular incisor and mandibular plane changes showed rebound effect during retention period and among them occlusal plane angle and IMPA show reverse correlationship. 2. Upward displacement of the occlusal plane at the end of treatment has returning tendency, is proportional to the displacement during treatment period, but the angle between maxillary and mandibular 1st molar to its basal bone have been constantlsy maintained during the retention period. 3. Mandibular plane decrease during retention period and downward backward rotation during treatment period show correlationship.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.34 no.3 s.322
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• pp.160-162
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• 1996

같은 급의 부정교합이라도 악골의 수직 수평관계, 악골과 치아의 크기에 따라서 여러 유형으로 분류된다. 여러 유형에 따라 치료방법에도 일률적일 수 없고 다양하게 된다. 진단과 치료계획 수립 시에 종종 어려움을 겪게 되는 경우가 있다. 진단의 어려움을 겪는 경우는 발치할 것인지 여부, 어떤 치아를 발치할 것인지, 악궁과 치아크기의 부조화를 어떻게 해소시킬 것인지 들의 결정을 내릴 때이다. 이런 경우 정확한 두부방사선분석 석고모형 분석, 성장과 발육분석에 의하여 판단하며 무엇보다 술자의 능력에 맞게 최선의 방법을 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 부정교합의 유형에 따라 다양한 발치 등 방법을 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.420-426
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate skeletal and soft tissue changes that occur after using a facemask for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, and to assess the relapse pattern when no retention appliance was used. Fifteen skeletal class III malocclusion patients were treated with a facemask for an average of 12 months. No retention appliance was used during the 1 year follow-up period. Cephalograms were taken during pretreatment, posttreatment, and the 1 year follow-up. Cephalograms were traced, analyzed, and the results were compared between cephalograms. All patients showed significant sagittal skeletal changes after treatment, but they also showed a significant relapse during the 1 year follow-up period when no retention appliance was used. Despite the relapse, the sagittal skeletal changes that remained were still significant. Vertical skeletal change was also significant after treatment, but the total change was not significant after a 1 year follow-up due to relapse. In soft tissue changes, facial convexity and upper lip position improved after treatment and this change remained significant after the 1 year follow-up period. Facemask therapy is therefore an effective method for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, however, retention is imperative to maintain the treatment effect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.343-351
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pretreatment and posttreatment dentofacial characteristics of non-extraction patients with Class I malocclusion. And to compare this result with matched non-orthodontic normal occlusion and Class I premolar extraction patients. Such comparison might help identify morphologic characteristics of the non-extraction patients. Initial and final cephalometric evaluation were compared in a sample of 22 patients with Class I malocclusions treated in non-extraction manner with edgewise appliance and MEAW The mean age of the total population was 14 years 9 months and the average treatment time was 2 years 8 months. 32 landmarks were located and digitized on each cephalogram. From these landmarks, 24 linear and angular dimension were obtained. Student's t-test were used to compare the pretreatment - posttreatment results, Nonextraction - Normal groups, and nonextraction Extraction groups. Significance was predetermined at $p{\leq}0.05$. The results were as follows. 1. Before treatment, the mean value of the $ODI\;was\;69.9^{\circ},\;APDI\;was\;82.1^{\circ},\;CF\;was\;152^{\circ},\;EI\;was\;152^{\circ}$ in the non-extraction groups. 2. The skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups were similar with non-orthodontic normal groupsr, but the non-extraction groups had larger interincisal angle. 3. Comparison between groups treated with and without extraction indicated at pretreatment, the extraction groups had more protrusive lips, smaller interincisal angle, and EI. 4. After treatment, there was no significant changes in the skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups, but uprighting of the maxillary and mandibular first molar and decrease of the interincisal angle were seen.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2013

In growing children it is frequently found that dental maturation is strongly influenced by the growth rate of maxilla or mandible. If there is evidence to prove this, it might be utilized as a criterion in the early diagnosis of skeletal malocclusion, even before the object's real skeletal features are yet revealed. The purpose of this study was to find out if the difference of dental maturation in over-grown mandible in children with skeletal Class III has any relationship with some skeletal features of mandible. 50 patients in Hellman dental age IIIA with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion of mandibular over-growth type respectively were selected as study objects. The age estimation was performed on maxillary and mandibular teeth, eruption rate of the 2nd molars of each group have been measured on panoramic radiography, and the differences in dental age of the upper and lower jaw were analyzed under Demirijian's method. The results were as follows: The difference of dental age of maxillary and mandibular teeth between the two groups was 0.66 and 1.20 years respectively, with a higher difference in the experimental group (p < 0.05). The difference of eruption rate of the maxillary and mandibular second molar was not found between two group (p >0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

This study assessed the association between ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar and skeletal malocclusion in 5- to 10-year-old children. As subjects, 786 children who attended the Wonkwang University Dental Hospital for orthodontic diagnosis were included. Children with unerupted first permanent molars or fully erupted second permanent molars were excluded. The study group demonstrated ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar, while the control group did not. Cephalometric radiographs taken between January 2003 and August 2015 were analyzed. Skeletal class III malocclusion was detected in 57.0% of the study group, which differed significantly from that in the control group (p<0.05). The SNA, ANB angles, and A to N-perpendicular distance were significantly smaller, whereas the A-B plane angle and APDI were significantly greater in the study group than in the control group (p<0.05). The SNB and mandibular plane angles were not significantly different between the groups. Thus, maxillary undergrowth is a risk factor for ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2004

This article describes a clinical protocol for the conventional rehabilitation of patient diagnosed with partial anodontia. A combined dental therapy approach was used and included endodontic therapy and root capping on the maxillary central incisors, fabrication of a maxillary overdenture, and fabrication of mandibular konus overdenture supported by 3 konus abutments. Within this protocol, tooth-supported overdenture prostheses are used for 2 purposes: first, to obtain the most rigid retention and function at an established maxillary-mandibular relationship; and second, to continuously maintain function and esthetic appearance applying immediate dentures after teeth extraction. The idea behind this protocol and its associated clinical procedures is presented along with a discussion compared with implant therapy. In the case introduced, and after 7 years of observation, the therapy can be seen as a success. We increased the occlusal vertical height in this case, but it would be more appropriate to see this as recovering the occlusal vertical height that was lost. The process of increasing the occlusal vertical height, that is restoration of the face, modification of the extrinsic occlusion of the incisors, and retraction of the mandible is very difficult and important. Ultimately, class III malocclusion is fixed, adequate occlusal vertical height is gained, and the retracted posterior anodontial portion is restored by prosthodontic dentures based on the rigid support theory. The result of the therapy done on the later-achieved malocclusion with partial anodontia on the posterior portion must consider the following in order to maintain the safety of the esthetics of the tooth and face for a period of time: 1) occlusal restoration with an ideal occlusal vertical height, 2) allowance of the final occlusion induced by the functional relationship of the upper and lower jaw, 3)final occlusion functionally induced by the lip competence limit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

TRAINER for Kids ($T4K^{TM}$, Myofunctional. Research Co, Australia) is a prefabricated myofunctional orthodontic appliance recommended to ClassII division1 malocclusion patients who have bad oral habits such as mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, inappropriate tongue position, thumb sucking and so on. Trainer has a soft texture and a small volume so that those advantages lead to an increase in the agreement rate of young patients of its use. This presentation is to analyze clinical efficacy of Trainer. The analysis is based on a result of regular follow-up on Class II division1 malocclusion patients who has been completely treated by Trainer in the Sanbon Dental Hospital of Wonkwang university. This case report is to present the satisfactory results gained by using Trainer on Class II patients. First, Trainer was applied in Class II malocclusion patients of mixed dentition with expected space insufficient to gain facial improvement. Second, excessive overjet, overbite were improved. Third, main effects are regarded to have been achieved by development of lingual slant of upper jaw, labial slant of lower jaw, and lower part of jaw bone.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.3 s.346
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• pp.176-179
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• 1998