• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

NaI(Tl) 섬광검출기로 측정한 에너지 스펙트럼으로부터 공간 감마 선량률을 계산하기 위하여 에너지밴드 방법과 G-factor 방법의 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 먼저 한국원자력연구원 내 운영 중인 환경방사선감시기 EFRD 3300에 장착된 3"${\Phi}X3$" NaI(Tl) 검출기의 G-factor를 MCNP 모델링을 통하여 입사 방사선의 방향에 따라 각각 구하였으며, 이로부터 계산된 선량률과 에너지밴드 방법으로 계산된 결과의 차이를 비교 검토함으로써 EFRD 3300에 적용 가능한 최적의 G-factor 값을 유도하였다. 그리고 EFRD 3300 방사선감시기가 운영되고 있는 지역 주변에 위치한 HPIC 방사선감시기의 선량률과 비교 검토를 수행하였으며, 3"${\Phi}X3$" NaI(Tl) 검출기 기반의 EFRD 3300에서 $7.7{\mu}R/h$의 측정값을 얻어 약 $3{\mu}R/h$ 정도의 차이를 보였다. 일반적으로 HPIC 방사선감시기는 고에너지 우주방사선량도 측정할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있으므로, 이 차이는 3"${\Phi}X3$" NaI 계측기로 측정되지 못하는 고에너지 영역의 우주방사선에 의한 영향으로 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.2323-2328
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• 2012

전 세계적으로 해운물류 안전 보안체계가 강화됨에 따라 국가물류보안 체계 구축을 위한 유비쿼터스 기술 기반의 해운물류 안전 보안 핵심기술 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 현재까지의 U-기반 해운물류 안전보안 시스템 개발과 관련하여 X-선을 이용한 3차원 검색장치 즉, 화물검색장치 개발에 대한 핵심기술을 개발해 오고 있고, 추가적으로 감마선을 검출할 수 있는 휴대용 방사선 검출 장치의 개발 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 방사선에 의한 인체, 물체 및 공공상의 장해를 미연에 방지하기 위한 고속의 휴대용 방사선 검출 장치 플랫폼 구현에 대한 연구를 제안하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

The background spectrum of a $3^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}3^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ NaI(Tl) well-type scintillation SILENA detector was measured without shielding, in 6 cm thick lead shielding, and with 2 mm thick electrolytic copper covering the detector inside the lead shielding. The relative remaining background of the lead shield lined with copper was found to be ideal for low-level environmental radioactive spectroscopy. The background total count rate in the (20-2160 KeV) was reduced 28.7 times by the lead and 29 times by the Cu + Pb shielding. The effective reduction of background (1.04) by the copper mainly appeared in the energy range from X-ray up to 500 KeV, while for the total energy range the ratio is 1.01 relative to the lead only. In addition, a strong relation between the full-energy peak absolute efficiency and the detector well height was found using gamma-ray isotropic radiation point sources placed inside the detector well. The full-energy peak efficiency at a midpoint of the well (at 2.5 cm) is three times greater than that on the detector surface. The energy calibrations and the resolution of any single energy line are independent of the locations of the gamma source inside or outside of the well.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

3"X3" NaI 스펙트럼의 조사선량 변환계수를 구하기 위해, 조사선량률이 $4{\sim}23{\mu}R\;h^{-1}$인 29개 지역에서 가압전리함 검출기로 조사선량률을 측정하고, 동시에 3"X3"와 4"X4" NaI 검출기로 스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 총에너지 방법의 조사선량 변환계수는 측정된 조사선량률과 스펙트럼 에너지의 선형적 비례관계를 사용하여 구하였다. 에너지대 방법의 조사선량 변환계수를 구하기 위해 NCRP에서 권고하는 4"X4" NaI 검출기에 대한 에너지대 방법의 조사선량 변환계수를 4"X4" NaI 스펙트럼에 적용하여 $^{40}K,\;^{238}U,\;^{232}Th$ 계열의 조사선량률을 계산하였다. 이렇게 계산된 $^{232}Th$ 계열의 조사선량률과 $^{232}Th$ 계열을 대표하는 2614keV 피크 영역면적의 선형적 비례관계를 이용하여 3"X3" NaI 검출기 스펙트럼에 대한 $^{232}Th$ 계열 조사선량 변환계수를 구하였다. $^{40}K$ 및 $^{238}U$ 계열의 조사선량 변환계수도 유사한 방법으로 구해졌다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.3872-3883
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• 2024

This study investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe) additions on the microstructure, corrosion behaviour, biocompatibility, mechanical, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Magnesium (Mg) alloys prepared in various compositions using powder metallurgy (PM). The microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys were analyzed using electron microscopes (SEM and FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results showed positive changes in the material's structure when the percentage of zinc added to pure magnesium increased. It was observed that the material became ductile, and the ductile fracture increased when the zinc ratio increased. The gamma-ray shielding properties of newly produced Mg-based alloys have also been discussed since they have a high potential for use in space technologies. Radiation shielding measurements have been performed using a 3" × 3" NaI(Tl) scintillation detector NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The gamma-ray shielding parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficients (μ_l), mass attenuation coefficient (μ_m), effective atomic number (Z_eff), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth-value layer (TVL) have been determined experimentally at photon energies of 0.511 MeV (emitted from a²²Na radioactive point source) and 1.173 MeV and 1.332 MeV (emitting from a⁶⁰Co radioactive point source). The obtained parameters have been compared to the theoretical results of the XCOM software, and a satisfactory agreement has been found. It can be said from the results that the Mg30Zn alloy has the best shielding properties among the produced materials.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2022

In the present communication, pure and stable α-Bismuth Oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method using urea as a fuel and calcined at 500℃. The synthesized sample was characterized by using powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The PXRD pattern confirms the formation of mono-clinic, stable and low temperature phase α-Bi₂O₃. The direct optical energy band gap was estimated by using Wood and Tauc's relation which was found to be 2.81 eV. The characterized sample was studied for X-ray/gamma ray shielding properties in the energy range 0.081-1.332 MeV using NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer (MCA). The measured shielding parameters agrees well with the theory, whereas, slight deviation up to 20% is observed below 356 keV. This deviation is mainly due to the influence of atomic size of the target medium. Furthermore an accurate theory is necessary to explain the interaction of X-ray/gamma ray with the NPs.The present work opens new window to use this facile, economical, efficient, low temperature method to synthesize nanomaterials for X-ray/gamma ray shielding purpose.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2023

For the first time Aluminium-BariumeZinc oxide nanocomposite (ZABONC) was synthesized by solution combustion method where calcination was carried out at low temperatures (600℃) to study the electromagnetic (EM) (X/γ) radiation shielding properties. Further for characterization purpose standard techniques like PXRD, SEM, UV-VISIBLE, FTIR were used to find phase purity, functional groups, surface morphology, and to do structural analysis and energy band gap determination. The PXRD pattern shows (hkl) planes corresponding to spinel cubic phase of ZnAl₂O4, cubic Ba(NO₃)₂, α and γ phase of Al₂O₃ which clearly confirms the formation of complex nano composite. From SEM histogram mean size of nano particles was calculated and is in the order of 17 nm. Wood and Tauc's relation direct energy band gap calculation gives energy gap of 2.9 eV. In addition, EM (X/γ) shielding properties were measured and compared with the theoretical ones using standard procedures (NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer MCA). For energy above 356 keV the measured shielding parameters agree well with the theory, while below this value slight deviation is observed, due to the influence of atomic/crystallite size of the ZABONC. Hence synthesized ZABONC can be used as a shielding material in EM (X/γ) radiation shielding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4671-4677
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• 2023

For the first time Pb, Ni, and Cu nanocomposites were synthesized by versatile solution combustion synthesis using Aloevera extract as a reducing agent, to study the potential applications in X-ray/gamma, neutron, and Bremsstrahlung shielding. The synthesized Lead-Nickel-Copper (LNC) nanocomposites were characterized by PXRD, SEM, UV-VIS, and FTIR for the confirmation of successful synthesis. PXRD analysis confirmed the formation of multiphase LNC NCs and the Scherrer equation and the W-H plot gave the average crystal sizes of 19 nm and 17 nm. Surface morphology using SEM and EDX confirmed the presence of LNC NCs. Strong absorption peaks were analyzed by UV visible spectroscopy and the direct energy gap is found to be 3.083 eV. Functional groups present in the LNC NCs were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray/gamma radiation shielding properties were measured using NaI(Tl) detector coupled with MCA. It is found to be very close to Pb. Neutron shielding parameters were compared with traditional shielding materials and found LNC NCs are better than lead and concrete. Secondary radiation shielding known as Bremsstrahlung shielding characteristics also studied and found that LNC NCs are best in secondary radiation shielding. Hence LNC NCs find shielding applications in ionizing radiation such as X-ray/gamma and neutron radiation.