• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2001

This paper presents an of a brake pressure restriction valve to a motorcycle anti-lock brake system(ABS). In the conventional anti-lock brake system of automobiles, slip ratio as a control variable is actively controlled, which requires wheel speed sensors, ECU, and a pressure modulator. In the ABS valve that has been developed for use in motorcycles, however, the brake pressure that is close to the wheel locking pressure is preset by simple exercises and then the valve just allows to pass the wheel locking pressure and cutoff the remaining pressure. Simulation studies with a single wheel braking dynamics and lumped chassis model show that the pressure restriction valve has basic ABS functions as well as some robustness properties for the uncertain load and road conditions as well as various initial braking speeds. Field tests also show that the pressure restriction valve avoids the wheel locking effectively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

The power steering system has been adopted in most vehicle system for an easy maneuverability. In this paper, a hydraulic power steering(HPS) model for the computer simulation is developed and used to power steering simulation. The simulation shows that the steering wheel torque with HPS model is less than that without HPS model. In addition, the shimmy vibration at the steering wheel is also simulated and compared to the test data. The lateral displacement of the steering wheel is calculated by imposing the lateral acceleration of the knuckle as a vibration input. The frequency response of the steering wheel is in a good agreement to the test data.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2004

Open-loop position estimation methods are commonly used in mobile robot applications. Their strength lies in the speed and simplicity with which an estimated position is determined. However, these methods can lead to inaccurate or unreliable estimates. Two position estimation methods are developed in this paper, one using a single optical flow sensor and a second using two optical sensors. The first method can accurately estimate position under ideal conditions and also when wheel slip perpendicular to the axis of the wheel occurs. The second method can accurately estimate position even when wheel slip parallel to the axis of the wheel occurs. Location of the sensors is investigated in order to minimize errors caused by inaccurate sensor readings. Finally, a method is implemented and tested using a potential field based navigation scheme. Estimates of position were found to be as accurate as dead-reckoning in ideal conditions and much more accurate in cases where wheel slip occurs.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 철도차량의 차륜과 레일에 대해 플랜지 접촉을 포함하여 모든 위치예서 차륜-레일간 접촉 위치를 수치 해석적으로 구하는 방범을 제안한다. 이를 위해 차륜과 레일의 형상은 매개변수로 표현되는 3차원 곡면함수로 나타내었다. 기구학적 구속조건식을 Newton-Rhapson 방법을 이용하여 구하는 것과 차륜과 레일간 최소거리가 0이 된다는 최적화 방법을 동시에 이용하여 정확하고 효율적으로 계산하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1979

To evaluate the surface roughness of subgingival area of S. P. crown margins subjected to various polishing procedures, the study was performed by use of metallograph and surface roughness tester. The following results were obtained; 1) Abrasive stone wheel produced the roughest surface ($16.0{\mu}m$). 2) Final polish with rouge after polishing with rubber wheel, subsequent to abrasive stone wheel, produced the smoothest surface ($0.3{\mu}m$). 3) Both polish with rubber wheel after polshing with abrasive stone wheel, and polish with pumice (coarse$\rightarrow$medium$\rightarrow$fine) produced same surface roughness ($0.8{\mu}m$).

• 폴리머
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.538-542
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• 2007

도로포장용 아스팔트의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 유화중합법으로 여러 가지 조성의 반응성 고분자 개질제들을 합성하여 아스팔트와 혼합 후 성능을 시험 분석하였다. 합성된 고분자 개질제들을 아스팔트와 혼합 후 시차주사열량계(DSC)로 아스팔트의 열적 특성 변화를 측정하였고, 형광현미경으로 개질제들의 아스팔트에 대한 분산 상태를 확인하였다. 또한 각각의 개질제들을 아스팔트에 대하여 2% 혼합하여 침입도를 측정하였으며, 개질 아스팔트의 동적 안정도와 영구 변형 속도를 측정하기 위하여 개질제 각각을 아스팔트에 대하여 1%씩 혼합하여 wheel tracking 실험을 수행하였고, 그 중 가장 성능이 좋은 개질제 6번을 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% 혼합 후 wheel tracking 실험을 실시하였다. 이러한 침입도와 wheel tracking 실험에서 6번 개질제가 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내었으며, 이는 개질제의 MMA 부분이 styrene 부분보다 개질제의 성능 향상에 더 많은 기여를 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1997

A discrete model reference control scheme for a vehicle four wheel steering system(4WS) is proposed and evaluated for a class of discrete time nonlinar dynamics. The schmen employs a neural network to identify the plan systems, wher the neural network estimates the nonlinear dynamics of the plant. The algorithm is proven to be globally stable, with tracking errors converging to the neighborhood of zero. The merits of this scheme is that the global system stability is guaranteed. Whith thd resulting identification model which contains the neural networks, the parameters of controller are adjusted. The proposed scheme is applied to the vehicle active four wheel system and shows the validity and effectiveness through simulation. The three-degree-of freedom vehicle handling model is used to investigate vehicle handing performances. In simulation of the J-turn maneuver, the yaw rate overshoot reduction of a typical mid-size car is improved by 30% compared to a two wheel steering system(2WS) case, resulting that the proposed scheme gives faster yaw rate response andl smaller side slip angle than the 2WS case.

• 오토저널
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1990

Equipments of passenger cars with modern technologies are gaining their importance. Related with such developments, the four-wheel steering system (4WS) was introduced recently to a few passenger cars in the market. The most important research goal on this new steering system is improvement of active safety, in other words, improvement of handling characteristics of vehicle stability and maneuverability. This paper presents a computer-based study about the effects of 4WS system on the vehicle handling characteristics. A simple bicycle model of 2 d.o.f. is used for the development of four wheel control algorithms of 4WS system, and the rear wheel control strategies are applied to a complex vehicle model of 16 d.o.f. for simulation of selected ISO-driving tests. The 4WS systems, which reduce the sideslip angle at the mass center of vehicle to almost zero, show much improved handling characteristics compared to that of the conventional 2WS system. These 4WS systems, however, result in vehicles with eigen-steer characteristics of extreme understeer behaviour.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

This paper aims to clarify the effects of grinding conditions in form grinding of Sr-ferrite with the electro-plated diamond wheel. The main conclusions obtained were as follows. (1) The flexural strength and surface roughness of ferrite became the best at the peripheral wheel speed of 1700 m/min. (2) In the case of the depth of cut larger than 0.4mm, crack layers is induced in the ground surface, and the fracture type of chips exhibits slight ductile mode in the depth of cut smaller than 0.2mm. (3) Whe the depth of cut exceeds 0.6mm, the wheel life becomes extremely severe due to the large chipping and brack- age in the diamond grains. However, at the depth of cut .leq. 0.05mm, the diamond grain shows abrasive wear. (4) The decrease of flexural strength and the increase of surface roughness is in proportion to the increase of the feed rate. (5) Most effective nozzle setting angles with various delivery conditions of the grinding fluid, such as nozzle position .PHI. , flow rate Q, etc., were made clear.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2012

A small domestic desiccant dehumidifier is modelled using effectiveness models for a desiccant wheel and a wet-air condenser. The desiccant wheel and condenser models are used to compose a system model in the form of a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations, which is solved by Gauss method. The system model is used to simulate the behaviour of a dehumidifier with a 1kW electric air heater. It is found that the maximu COP is about 0.5 and dehumidification capacity is 18kg/day when the ratio of dehumidification area is 0.7. The optimum wheel thickness and face velocity are found 100mm and 1.5m/s, respectively.