• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1456-1461
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• 2007

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}-melanocyte$-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by methanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). In the present study, ${\alpha}-MSH$ and forskolin led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, RCM inhibited the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced melanin synthesis. In addition, RCM abolished the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were increased after incubation with α-MSH and forskolin. The treatment of RCM decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. Based on these findings, it is likely that RCM exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.252-257
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• 1998

국내 원전에 신뢰도 기반 정비(RCM : Reliability Centered Maintenance) 기법을 도입하기 위해 수행하고 있는 영광 1,2호기 시법계통 RCM 분석에서 관련 기기의 고장데이터를 RCM 분석 방법론에 따라 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 작업의뢰서와 작업보고서 기록내용을 토대로 지배적인 고장모드 및 다빈도 고장발생 기기를 파악하여 고장원인을 분석하였으며, 기기 유형으로 분류하여 고장들을 분석하였다. 분석결과 지배적인 고장모드는 EPRI에서 분류한 고장모드에 모두 포함되었으며, 고장빈도가 높은 기기의 고장원인은 운전환경, 사용유체, 운전형태, 기기 형식 등에 따라 고장메커니즘이 다르게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 기기 유형으로 분류하여 고장모드별로 고장율을 분석한 결과 미국의 Generic Data(IEEE Std 500-1984)와 근소한 차이를 보이거나 약간 낮은 것으로 분석되었으며, 고장율이 높은 기기 유형을 단위 기기별로 세분화하여 분석한 결과 공기구동 조절벨브의 외부누설 고장율은 1.10E-06 이지만 충전유량 조절밸브의 고장율은 1.70E-05로서 약 10배 정도로 고장율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 기기별로 세분화한 고장을 분석 결과는 시범계통 RCM 분석시 고장모드 영향분석(FMEA. Failure Mode and Effective Analysis) 단계에서 필수기기를 선정하는 하나의 인자로 활용하였으며, 고장율의 역수로 구한 고장간 평균시간(MTBF:Mean Time Between Failure)은 정비주기 선정시 기초데이터로 활용된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2016

기후변화는 댐유입량의 시공간적 변화를 야기할 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 기후변화에 따른 댐 유입량의 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고 그에 적응할 수 있는 댐 운영 방안이 필요하지만 영향평가 시 많은 불확실성이 발생하기 때문에 불확실성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 기술 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 댐 유입량 전망 시 발생하는 불확실성을 평가 단계별로 분해할 수 있는 기법을 이용하여 계절별 댐 유입량 전망 결과의 불확실성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 현재 국내에서 가용한 CORDEX East Asia에서 제공하고 있는 5개 RCM 결과를 이용하였으며, 5가지 통계적 후처리기법, 2가지 수문모형을 이용하였다. 대상지역은 충주댐 유역으로 선정하였으며, 계절 댐 유입량에 대한 과거기간 대비 미래기간의 전망 결과에 대해 분석하였다. 평가결과, 겨울철을 제외한 모든 계절에서 RCM이 29.3~68.9%로 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 겨울철은 수문모형이 46.5%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 홍수기의 댐 유입량은 강수량에 직접적인 영향을 받으나 이수기에는 강수량 이외에 그 당시의 토양상태, 기후환경 등의 영향에 따른 수문순환 전반적인 영향이 물가용성에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 이수기는 수문모형에 더욱 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 홍수기는 기후 모델링 부분의 영향이 큰 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 분석을 통해 특정 RCM이나 통계적 후처리기법, 수문모형 등의 선정에 따라 전체 불확실성에 미치는 영향을 분석할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 불확실성을 저감할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-93
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• 1972

Ox-RBC로부터 Moddy法에 依하여 Ox-RCM抗原을 抽出하여 몇가지 分析을 實施하였다. Lyophilized 한 Ox-RCM protein의 化學的 分析 結果 total protein은 $55\\pm 1.3%$, total nitrogen은 9.2%, carbohydrate 8.5% 그리고 total acid soluble phosphorus는 $0.96\\pm 0.1%$였다. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis한 結果 Ox-RCM은 12 $\\sim$ 15個, Pre-VRS fraction은 8個 및 PHR 分劃은 9個의 pattern을 나타냈다. Amino acid의 分析 結果로 cystine이 4.93 $\\sim$ 3.72 moles/100 moles 이고 glycine이 最高로 26.7 $\\sim$ 13.5 moles/100 moles였고 最低로 methionine 이었으나 試料의 抽出方法에 따라 그 値의 變動을 볼 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.974-979
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• 2007

From '1994 Gwacheon accident of the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)' till '2004 Seoul subway 2 lines Guui station accident', the accident is increasing at day and the service demand of the citizen is coming to be various. But it does not deal with technical or operation side demands. There is a possibility of saying that the accident of the EMU or deficit operation is caused by the RCM. The EMU where the efficiency is good though does the time passes and it becomes old anger and does not display that efficiency not only the cause of formation accident does becomes. The breakdown about under occurring before getting up an accident, appropriately shifting the parts is to a maintenance very the pending question fact which is important is a possibility of doing. From there is by an EMU, RCM in reliability base grudge is a tool of confirms an improvement point and the place where it judges. From the research which it sees will present about technical development plan of RCM.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2020

This study evaluates multiple Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating temperature and precipitation over the Far East Asia (FEA) and estimates the portions of the total uncertainty originating in the RCMs and the driving Global Climate Models (GCMs) using nine present-day (1981~2000) climate data obtained from combinations of three GCMs and three RCMs in the CORDEX-EA phase2. Downscaling using the RCMs generally improves the present temperature and precipitation simulated in the GCMs. The mean temperature climate in the RCM simulations is similar to that in the GCMs; however, RCMs yield notably better spatial variability than the GCMs. In particular, the RCMs generally yield positive added values to the variability of the summer temperature and the winter precipitation. Evaluating the uncertainties by the GCMs (VARGCM) and the RCMs (VARRCM) on the basis of two-way ANOVA shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in contrast to previous studies which showed VARGCM is larger. In particular, in the winter temperature, the ocean has a very large VARRCM of up to 30%. Precipitation shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in all seasons, but the difference is insignificant. In the following study, we will analyze how the uncertainty of the climate model in the present-day period affects future climate change prospects.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 2007

HMM tends to output high probability for not only the proper class data but confusable class data, since the modeling power increases as the number of parameters increases. Thus it may not be helpful for discrimination to simply increase the number of parameters of HMM. We proposed two methods in this paper. One is a CMC(Confusion Likelihood Model Selection Criterion) using confusion class data probability, the other is a new recognition method, RCM(Recognition Using Confusion Models). In the proposed recognition method, confusion models are constructed using confusable class data, then confusion models are used to depress misrecognition by confusion likelihood is subtracted from the corresponding standard model probability. We found that CMC showed better results using fewer number of parameters compared with ML, ALC2, and BIC. RCM recorded 93.08% recognition rate, which is 1.5% higher result by reducing 17.4% of errors than using standard model only.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2007

LPS induces the synthesis of several inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, NO and inflammation in the liver of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) In lipid metabolism. RCM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5ml/kg of LPS was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the lipid-related functions by measuring the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total lipid (TL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissue. The results showed that LPS treatment increased the values of TG, TC, TL and MDA, decreasing that of HDL-C. But RCM pretreatment decreased the high values of TG, TC, TL and MDA to the low values and increased the low value of HDL-C to the high value. These results suggested that RCM could be used as the potential candidate for the lipid metabolism natural supplement.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2006

Impacts of global warming have been identified in many areas including natural ecosystem. A good number of studies based on climate models forecasting future climate have been conducted in many countries worldwide. Due to its global coverage, GCM, which is a most frequently used climate model, has limits to apply to Korea with such a narrower and complicated terrain. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study impact assessment of climate changes with a climate model fully reflecting characteristics of Korean climate. In this respect, this study was designed to compare and analyze the GCM and RCM in order to determine a suitable climate model for Korea. In this study, spatial scope was Korea for 10 years from 1981 to 1990. As a research method, current climate was estimated on the basis of the data obtained from observation at the GHCN. Future climate was forecast using 4 GCMs furnished by the IPCC among SRES A2 Scenario as well as the RCM received from the NIES of Japan. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the purpose of comparing data obtained from observation with GCM and RCM. As a result of this study, average annual temperature of Korea between 1981 and 1990 was found to be around $12.03^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall being 2.72mm. Under the GCM, average annual temperature was between 10.22 and $16.86^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall between 2.13 and 3.35mm. Average annual temperature in the RCM was identified $12.56^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall of 5.01mm. In the comparison of the data obtained from observation with GCM and RCM, RCMs of both temperature and rainfall were found to well reflect characteristics of Korea's climate. This study is important mainly in that as a preliminary study to examine impact of climate changes such as global warming it chose appropriate climate model for our country. These results of the study showed that future climate produced under similar conditions with actual ones may be applied for various areas in many ways.

• Plant Journal
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.34-44
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• 2006