• 유기물자원화
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1998

농 축 수산 유통집하장에서 발생하는 유기질 폐기물의 메탄 전환 기초 연구로서 실험실 규모로 수행하였다. 선발된 Run B 시료는 분석 결과 C/N Ratio는 18.41, TCOD는 168,960mg/L의 것이 얻어졌다. 생화학적 메탄 생산성 실험에서 이론 생산량은 313.6mg/L VS added이었고 실질적인 생산량은 234.2mg/L VS added로 혐기성소화에 의한 74%의 메탄 전환이 일어났으며, 반응속도론적 고찰에서 속도 상수는 $0.2476d^{-1}$이었다. 그리고 3단 여과막 충진형 반응기는 공시험 반응기보다 메탄함량은 16% 높고, TCOD 및 SCOD는 각각 44.7% 및 44.2%가 감소되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2000

Twelve castrated male Black Bengal goats with an average live weight of 10.3 kg (8 months old) were used in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement to study the effects of dietary crude protein concentration [20.3% (HP) and 16.9% (LP)] and feeding level [ad libitum and 85% of ad libitum (restricted)] on growth and carcass characteristics. Ad libitum feeding, on average, significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) increased daily live weight (6.27 vs -5.86 g), dry mater intake (409 vs 351 g/d), estimated gain in carcass (0.195 vs -0.200 kg) and empty body weight (0.385 vs -0.350 kg), chemically extracted fat in meat sample (6.89 vs 6.48%), depth of M. longissimus dorsi (22.1 vs 18.3 mm) and gut and caul fat (170 vs 130 g) compared with restricted feeding regime. The greater intake of dietary protein from the HP diet resulted in significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) greater values for depth (20.9 vs 19.5 mm) and width (32.4 vs 27.9 mm) of M. longissimus dorsi, gut and caul fat (190 vs 110 g) and also perirenal and retroperitoneal fat (85 vs 50 g) than those of the goats that received the LP diet. Similarly, the HP diet had significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) higher values for CP digestibility and DCP concentration than those of the LP diet. The results indicated that growth rate and carcass gain were highest in goats fed the HP diet ad libitum and therefore, diet containing 20.3% CP may be suggested for feeding growing goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1166-1173
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• 2010

Sixteen Mediterranean pluriparous buffaloes were subdivided into two uniform groups of eight animals. The average weight of the two groups at the start of the trial was 671.2 and 656.7 kg. The number of days from calving were 33.4 and 33.3, and the average milk production was 12.73 and 12.33 kg/d. The trial lasted for 114 days, and was divided into two sub-periods of 58 and 56 days. The two diets, administered ad libitum, had the same forage/concentrate ratio (53/47) but in their formulation the percentage of the two forages varied. Diet 1: alfalfa hay = 10%, maize silage = 43%, concentrate 1 = 47% (6.63 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 179.5 g/kg DM of crude protein). Diet 2: alfalfa hay = 20%, maize silage = 33%, concentrate 2 = 47%, (5.99 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 155.4 g/kg DM of crude protein). For the overall trial period (33-146 days in milk), the intake of dry matter was 17.23 kg/d for Group 1 and 17.29 kg/d for Group 2 and corresponded to 2.50 and 2.58% (p<0.01) of live weight. There was no significant difference between the average weight (689.7 and 669.4 kg) and the body condition score (6.49 and 6.42) of the two groups of buffaloes. Group 1 produced a greater quantity of milk (11.89 vs. 10.90 kg/d, p<0.10) of better quality both for its higher fat content (82.32 vs. 77.29 g/kg, p<0.10) and its protein content (47.36 and 46.38 g/kg). The milk produced by the buffaloes receiving Diet 1 had a better clotting ability, lower values of r (15.98 and 16.42 min) and K20 (1.66 and 1.75 min) and a higher value of A30 (54.45 and 52.73 mm). Taking into consideration the two sub-periods, milk production was significantly different only in the first sub-period (33-90 DIM), in favour of Group 1 (13.08 vs. 11.56 kg/d, p<0.05), while the positive effect of Diet 1 was cancelled out (10.71 and 10.24 kg/d) in the second part of the trial (91-146 DIM).

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 2학년 과학 '지구와 별' 단원의 학습에 3D 천문 프로그램(Starry Night pro 6.0)을 활용한 수업을 실시한 후 과학 학업성취도, 과학 관련 태도, 자기 주도적 학습능력에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 학습효과와 학생의 인식을 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 중학교 2학년 198명의 학생이며 6차시에 걸쳐 3D 천문 프로그램(Starry Night pro 6.0)을 활용한 수업을 실시한 후 적용하기 전과 후의 조사를 통하여 그 학습효과를 분석하였다. 검사결과는 독립표본 t-검정과 대응표본 t-검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 3D 천문 프로그램을 활용한 수업이 전통적 수업 보다 학업성취도에서 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 그러나 3D 천문 프로그램을 활용한 수업이 과학 관련태도에 미치는 효과의 분석에서는 유의미한 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으며(p>.05), 자기주도적 학습능력의 향상에는 효과적이라는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과는 '3D planetarium software를 활용한 수업은 8학년 과학수업에서 효과적이었다는 것을 보여준다.'라고 끝마치고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2005

In this experiment, the effects of cage density (CD) and probiotic supplementation (PS) on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak-producing hens were evaluated. After blocking according to the cage location, Lohman layers (n = 180, 46 wks of age) were allocated randomly to two levels of CD (540 vs. 360 $cm^2$/hen) and three levels of PS (0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Probiotic contained Enterococcus faecium culture (10${\times}$10$^9$ cfu/g). Egg production (EP) and feed consumption (FC) were measured daily; egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly; BW was measured before and after the experiment; and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Increasing CD decreased FC (125.0 vs. 120.8 g/d, p<0.0001) and FCR (1.93 vs. 1.87, p<0.0001) and did not alter EP, EW, and BW. Increasing level of PS linearly decreased FC (p<0.02) and FCR (p<0.006). Averages were 123.9, 123.2, and 121.6 g/d for FC and 1.91, 1.92, and 1.86 for FCR in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. Hens placed in high-density cages had greater serum corticosterone concentration than hens placed in normal-density cages (12.8 vs. 11.3 $\mu$g/dL, p<0.04); CD did not affect concentrations of other metabolites. Increasing level of PS linearly increased serum glucose, albumin, and creatine concentrations and quadratically increased total protein, globulin, Ca, and P concentrations. Average concentrations (mg/dL) were 260, 297, and 305 for glucose; 6.28, 8.09, and 7.58 for total protein; 1.98, 2.48, and 2.38 for albumin; 4.30, 5.62, and 5.19 for globulin; 0.40, 0.52, and 0.54 for creatine; 16.0, 16.5, and 16.3 for Ca; and 6.27, 8.14, and 7.17 for P in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was no effect of CD on egg quality. Increasing level of PS linearly improved yolk color (YC) and quadratically increased albumen index (AI) and Haugh unit (HU). The mean values were 9.67, 9.75, and 10.58 for YC; 8.94, 6.93, and 8.72% for AI; and 85.6, 74.9, and 82.9 for HU for hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was also CD by PS effect on FC, EP, and serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatine, Ca and P concentrations. In conclusion, increased CD partially depressed laying performance and caused stress. Probiotic supplementation improved laying performance and metabolic profile. It also partially alleviated the adverse effects of stress resulting from increased caging density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2005

The trial was carried out on twenty-one Friesian cows at the end of eight months gestation, nine multiparous and twelve primiparous; allocated into three groups (1 control, 2 and 3 experimental). The same diet was administred to all three groups before partum (12.8 kg DM/head/day) and after partum (18.8 kg DM/head/day). The cows in groups 2 and 3 received two different daily quantities of amino-acid chelated chromium (0.6 and 1.2 mg Cr/kg DM) from 4 weeks prior to presumed parturition to 6 weeks after. The milk yield control was carried out at 15, 30, 42 and 60 days. All animals were immunised two weeks prior to the presumed parturition and two weeks after with the following antigens: ovalbumin and brucellergene. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. When analysing the results of antibody immunity (ovalbumin) in the sixth blood collection both treated groups significantly increased compared to group 1 (0.5230 and 0.4536 vs. 0.1812 OD; p<0.05). The results of the cell-mediated immune response (brucellergene) had significant differences (p<0.10) in correspondence to the third (between group 2 and control) and the fifth (between groups 3 and 2) blood collection. Significant differences in fat corrected milk were observed at 42 days between group 3 and the other two groups (31.01 vs. 26.99 and 28.66 kg/d, p<0.05) and at 60 days between group 3 and control (30.88 vs. 26.69 kg/d, p<0.05). Before partum and at partum a positive immune response was obtained with a lower dose of chromium. After partum a positive immune response, anti-OVA indicator, was obtained with the higher dose of chromium while, $\gamma$-IFN indicator, with the lower dose. A significant increase of the milk yield resulted at both 42 and 60 days with the highest level of chromium.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-170
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• 1974

텅그스텐산이온 용액의 다핵화반응과 다중음이온의 양성자화반응에 대한 이온세기의 영향을 1∼4M KCl 용액에서 헥사텅그스텐산이온과 헥사텅그스텐산 이온의 양성자화된 형태가 생성되었다. 20∼50 C 및 1∼4M KCl 용액에서 헥사텅그스텐산이온 및 헥사텅그스텐이온의 양성화된 형태가 생성되는 반응에 대한 평행상수를 계산하였다. Van`t Hoff방정식을 이용하여 계산한 헥사텅그스텐산이온의 양성자화된 형태가 생성되는 반응의 엔탈피변화는 이온세기에 관계없었다. $7H^++{6WO_4}^{2-}={HW_6O_{21}}^{5-}+3H_2O\;\;{\Delta}H^{\circ}=-62.4{\pm}0.6$$H^++{HW_6O_{21}}^{5-}={H_2W_6O_{21}}^{4-}\;\;{\Delta}H+_1^{\circ}=-4.12{\pm}0.10$$H^++{H_2W_6O_{21}}^{4-}={ H_3W_6O_{21}}^{3-}\;\;{\Delta}H_2^{\circ}=-4.36{\pm}0.30$위에 기술한 각 반응에 대한 자유에너지 변화 및 엔탈피변화를 계산하였고 이온세기의 영향을 고찰해보았다. 이온세기와 $log k_{6,7}$ 사이에 직선함수식이 성립하였다.$log k_{6,7}\;=\;D{\mu}+I,\;D\;=\;1.66{\pm}0.02$$logk_1$ 및 $logk_2$와 ${\mu}$ 사이에도 전체 이온세기 범위내에서 직선함수식이 성립하였다.$logk_1=D_1{\mu}+I_1,\;logk_2\;=\;D_2{\mu}+I_2$ 여기에서 $D_1=-0.065{\pm}0.001이었고\;D_2=-0.367{\pm}0.0006$이었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nattokinase (NK) additives on milk production and composition, and blood metabolites in dairy cows. The two kinds of nattokinase with high fibrinolytic activity were produced by two strains of bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefacines (NK1) and Bacillus subtilis (NK2). Total fifteen Holstein cows (average $1.83{\pm}0.37$ parity; average milk yield $23.2{\pm}3.2$ kg/d) were randomly assigned to three treatments (5 animals per treatment). Cows were fed TMR supplemented with 0g, 100g and 100g for control, NK1 and NK2 treatment, respectively for 4 weeks. Milk yield was significantly higher (p<0.05) for NK1 (22.89 kg/d) than for control (21.07 kg/d) and NK2 (21.36 kg/d). Somatic cell counts in NK treatments were significantly lower than that in control group (58,000 vs. 21,000 and 35,000 cells/ml, control vs. NK1 and NK2). Serum ALT levels in all treatment were similar to the range of 32.00~35.83 IU/L, but AST levels in NK1 (85.67 IU/L) was significantly decreased compared with those in control and NK2 (121.67 and 117.67 IU/L respectively). Serum T-CHO levels in NK1 (145.33 mg/dl) was significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with that in control (179.00 mg/dl) and NK2 (176.17 mg/dl). This finding showed that NK1 additives could possibly have a positive effect in lactation performance of mid-lactation dairy cows by increasing milk yield, reducing somatic cell count, improving liver function and decreasing cholesterol in blood.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2024

목적: 본 연구는 마크로라이드 불응성 마이코플라즈마 폐렴(macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, MUMP)의 임상 양상 및 관련 인자와 2차 치료제로서 doxycycline (DXC), tosufloxacin (TFX) 및 corticosteroid (CST) 사용 후 해열되는 데까지 걸리는 시간의 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2018년 7월부터 2020년 2월까지 노원을지대학교병원에 발열 및 호흡기 증상과 함께 흉부 엑스선 상 폐렴 소견이 있어 입원하여 마이코플라즈마 폐렴으로 진단받은 18세 이하의 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. M. pneumoniae의 23S 리보솜 RNA (23S rRNA) 유전자의 점 돌연변이 유무로 마크로라이드 내성을 확인하였다. MUMP는 마크로라이드계 항생제 치료 개시 후 72시간 이상 발열(≥38.0℃)이 지속된 경우로 임상적으로 정의하였다. MUMP의 경우, CST를 추가한 군과 이차 항생제인 DXC 또는 TFX로 변경한 군으로 구분하였다. 결과: 총 157명의 마이코플라즈마 폐렴 환자 중 MUMP 군은 83명(52.9%)이었으며, C-반응단백(C-reactive protein, CRP)의 상승(3.2±3.0 vs. 2.4±2.2 mg/dL, P=0.047), 흉부 X-선상 대엽/분절성 폐렴, 흉수(56.6% vs. 27.0%, P<0.001; 6.0% vs. 0.0%, P=0.032) 그리고 23S rRNA 유전자의 점 돌연변이(96.4% vs. 64.6%, P<0.001) 가 MUMP와 유의한 연관성을 보였다. MUMP 군 83명 중 30명(36.1%)은 DXC로, 38명(45.8%)은 TFX로 항생제를 변경하였고 15명(18.1%)은 CST를 추가하였다. 2차 치료로 변경 이후 발열 호전까지 걸린 평균 시간을 각 군별로 비교하였을 때 CST 군이 DXC, TFX 군보다 발열 호전까지의 시간이 유의하게 짧았고(10.3±12.7 vs. 19.4±17.2 시간, P=0.043; 10.3±12.7 vs. 25.0±20.1 시간, P=0.003), DXC 군과 TFX 군 사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(19.4±17.2 vs. 25.0±20.1 시간, P=0.262). 결론: CRP의 높은 상승과 흉부 X-선 상 대엽/분절성 폐렴 및 흉막 삼출, 그리고 23S rRNA A2063G 점 돌연변이가 마크로라이드 불응성과 유의한 연관이 있었다. CST 환자군에서 DXC나 TFX 환자군에 비하여 더 빠른 발열 호전을 보였다. 향후 MUMP에 대한 최적의 2차 치료제를 결정하기 위해 더 큰 규모의 전향적 연구가 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.681-689
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• 2023

Objective: Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) is increasingly used for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs); however, radiation exposure to the lens is a concern. We investigated the effect of head off-centering by adjusting table height on the lens dose during 3D-RA and its feasibility in patient examination. Materials and Methods: The effect of head off-centering during 3D-RA on the lens radiation dose at various table heights was investigated using a RANDO head phantom (Alderson Research Labs). We prospectively enrolled 20 patients (58.0 ± 9.4 years) with IAs who were scheduled to undergo bilateral 3D-RA. In all patients' 3D-RA, the lens dose-reduction protocol involving elevation of the examination table was applied to one internal carotid artery, and the conventional protocol was applied to the other. The lens dose was measured using photoluminescent glass dosimeters (GD-352M, AGC Techno Glass Co., LTD), and radiation dose metrics were compared between the two protocols. Image quality was quantitatively analyzed using source images for image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio. Additionally, three reviewers qualitatively assessed the image quality using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The phantom study showed that the lens dose was reduced by an average of 38% per 1 cm increase in table height. In the patient study, the dose-reduction protocol (elevating the table height by an average of 2.3 cm) led to an 83% reduction in the median dose from 4.65 mGy to 0.79 mGy (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between dose-reduction and conventional protocols in the kerma area product (7.34 vs. 7.40 Gy·cm², P = 0.892), air kerma (75.7 vs. 75.1 mGy, P = 0.872), and image quality. Conclusion: The lens radiation dose was significantly affected by table height adjustment during 3D-RA. Intentional head off-centering by elevation of the table is a simple and effective way to reduce the lens dose in clinical practice.