• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.363-371
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study is to compare the numerical results obtained by 2-D and 3-D models which are used to examine the wave field around a permeable submerged breakwater. At first, the numerical model, which is able to consider the flow through a porous medium with inertial, laminar and turbulent resistance terms and determine the eddy viscosity with LES turbulent model, is used and validated by comparing with existing experimental data. And then, the numerical test on the wave field around a permeable submerged breakwater is performed. It is revealed from the numerical results that, at the onshore side of the submerged breakwater, the wave height by 2-D analysis is higher than that by 3-D analysis. Also, the time-averaged mean flow around a submerged breakwater is discussed in detail.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2007

Due to the difficulty raised from the coupling of cavitation modeling with turbulent flow, numerical simulation for two phase flow remains one of the challenging issues in the society. This research focuses on the development of numerical code to deal with incompressible two phase flow around 2D hydrofoil by combing the cavitation model suggested by Kunz et al. with $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulent model. The simulation results are compared to experimental data to verify the validity of the developed code. Also, the comparison of the calculation results is made with LES results to evaluate the capability of $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. The calculation results show very good agreement with experimental observations even though this code can not grasp the small scaled bubbles in the calculation wheres LES can hold the real physics. This code will be extended to 3D compressible two phase flow for the study on the fluid dynamics in the inducers and impellers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1149-1154
• /
• 2005

The finite difference lattice Boltzmann method(FDLBM) is a quite recent approach for simulating fluid flow, which has been proven as a valid and efficient tool in a variety of complex flow problems. It is considered an attractive alternative to conventional FDM and FVM, because it recovers the Navier-Stokes equations and is computationally more stable, and easily parallelizable to simulate for various laminar flows and a direct simulation of aerodynamics sounds. However, the research of a numerical simulation of turbulent flow by FDLBM, which is important to analyze the structure of turbulent flow in engineering fields, is not carried out. In this research, the FDLBM built in the turbulent model is applied, and a flowfield around 2-dimensional square to validate the applied model with 2D9V is simulated. Besides, 2D computation of the cavity noise generated by flow over a cavity at a Mach number of 0.1 and a Reynolds number based on cavity depth of 5000 is calculated. The computation result is well presented a understanding of the physical phenomenon of tonal noise occurred primarily by well-jet shear layer and vortex shedding and an aeroacoustic feedback loop.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.29 no.A
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2009

In this study, flood stage was computed by HEC-RAS, 1-D numerical analysis model and FESWMS-2DH, 2-D numerical model. Flood stages computed by two different models were compared for straight line, dot axle watercourse, dead-zone watercourse, section sudden-changing watercourse, and curved watercourse. From the results, flow velocity and water level were similar in straight watercourse and dot-reduction watercourse. However, there was difference of flow velocity and water level in dead-zone watercourse, sudden expansion, dot-reduction, and curve-watercourse. This result might be influenced by rapid change of watercourse due to dead-zone, the angle of inflow and outflow, and the curvature. Especially in this study, numerical model was applied to Wol-Song-Cheon at Chuncheon in order to analyze the effect of flood stage by two different models. By flowing properties around the bridge and confluence of rivers, it was found that flow velocity and water level was changed. Therefore, it was concluded that a lot of uncertainties are contained in the present bank.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3B
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 1999

The diffusion characteristics of the high temperature and salinity water discharged in Chinhae Bay under BMP(Barge-Mounted Plants) desalination processes were simulated to access environmental impact. The 3-D baroclinic flow model is formulated by integrating the basic equations with respect to each control volume and by transforming them into a finite difference form using the space-staggered grid system. With a 3-D baroclinic flow model, the tide-induced and density-induced current was computed and confirmed by comparing with observed data. From the results of numerical experiment, it is expected that the maximum diffusion lengths of the high temperature and salinity which increase $0.6^{circ}C$ and 0.2 after discharging are 1 km and 3.5km, respectively. It may be expected that the discharge has an effect on surrounding area of discharge, but not an effect on whole area of Chinhae Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2019

To improve the flow distribution at channel locations in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type inflow, the flow visualization of Model 1 was carried out. Besides, the characteristics of flow distribution was investigated experimentally according to the header shape. The inlet flow rate for each channel location was increased at the side channels but decreased at the central channels. In the case of Model 2, which has a slant structure added to the basic header of Model 1, the unevenness of inlet flow increased by 23% from 0.019 to 0.023 as compared to Model 1. On the other hand, Model 3, which has a baffle structure added to Model 2, showed 0.064 unevenness in inlet flow, which was a 36% reduction one compared to Model 1. To improve the distribution at each channel in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type flow, it is necessary to improve the header external shape for the guide of flow as well as the baffle structure for reduction of vortex flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.573-585
• /
• 2008

Flow has attracted more interests in consumer behaviors, with pleasure and fantasy getting more important in shopping. "Flow" means the experience with which consumers feel as pleased and satisfied as in playing pleasantly, and the optimal experience they feel when they are indulged in an activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among challenges, skills, flow experience, and future behavioral intention in online shopping malls. In addition, a 3D shopping mall and a 2D shopping mall were selected as the stimuli in order to examine the differences in flow experience in accordance with web site types. A survey questionnaire was developed and 700 data(2D group: n=380, 3D group: n=320) were used for analysis. Data were analyzed through structural equation model to explore effects of challenges and skills on flow. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the perception of higher challenges and skills led to positive flow experience and higher time distortion. Second, the higher the level of time distortion was, the higher the flow experience was. This means that a shopping mall will increase flow experience, if it is interesting enough to be unaware of time passing. Third, flow experience had a positive influence on future behavioral intention. Finally, in all variables except skills, the impact of 3D shopping mall is greater than that of 2D shopping mall, which means that web site types affect flow experience.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1183-1192
• /
• 2001

The numerical simulation has been conducted for the investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of an oblique impingement jet injected to a flat plate. The finite volume method was used to discretize the governing equations based on the non-orthogonal coordinate with non-staggered variable arrangement. The $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$-ν(sup)'2 turbulence model was employed to consider the consider the anisotropic flow characteristics generated by the impingement jet flow. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data and those of the standard $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model. The results of the $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$-ν(sup)'2 model showed better agreement with the experimental data than those of the standard $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$ model. In order to get the optimum condition, the flow and temperature fields were calculated with a variation of inclined angle($\alpha$=30$^{\circ}$~90$^{\circ}$) and the distance between the jet exit and impingement plate-to-diameter (L/D=4~10) at a fixed Reynolds number(Re=20,000). For a small L/D, the near-peak Nusselt numbers were not significantly effected by the inclined angle. The near-peak Nusselt numbers were not significantly affected by the L/D in the case of a large $\alpha$. The overall shape of the local Nusselt numbers was influenced by both the jet orifice-to-plate spacing and the jet angle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.03a
• /
• pp.825-830
• /
• 2004

A numerical analysis based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations has been carried out for double-circular-arc (DCA) compressor cascades. Two types of double-circular-arc cascades were used in this analysis. The appropriate turbulence model for compressor analysis was selected among the conventional turbulence models such as Baldwin-Lomax, k-$\varepsilon$ and k-$\varepsilon$ models. The results of current study were compared with available experimental data at various incidence angles. The 2-D and 3-D computational codes based on SIMPLE/PWIM algorithm for collocated grid and hybrid scheme for the convective terms were the main features of numerical tools. As commonly known, turbulence modeling is very important for the prediction of cascade flows, which are extremely complex with separation and reattachment by adverse pressure gradient. For selection of turbulence model, 2-D analysis was performed. And then, k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with wall function chosen as the reasonable turbulence model for 3-D calculation was used to increase the efficiency of computation times. A reasonable result of 3-D flow pattern passing through the double-circular-arc cascade was obtained.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2019

This study selected the national park area of Mt. Seorak in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, where a lot of debris flow occurred due to the heavy rainfall and conducted a field survey. In addition, topographic spatial data were constructed using the GIS technique to analyze watershed characteristics. For the construction of terrain data after the disaster, the debris flow occurrence section was scanned and the 3D topographic data was constructed using the terrestrial LiDAR. LiDAR terrain data are compared to digital maps(before disaster) to assess precision and topographic data before and after the disaster were compared and analyzed. Debris flow diffusion area was calculated using FLO-2D model and compared debris flow occurred section.