중국 프랜차이즈 시스템에서의 본부와 가맹점간 신뢰의 영향요인 (The Determination of Trust in Franchisor-Franchisee Relationships in China)
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- 마케팅과학연구
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- 제18권2호
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- pp.65-88
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- 2008
본 연구는 중국 프랜차이즈 시스템에 참여하는 본부와 가맹점 사이의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서 규명하고자 하였다. 중국의 외식 프랜차이즈 산업 가맹점을 조사대상으로 한 실증분석 결과, 프랜차이즈 시스템에서는 신뢰의 형성이 매우 중요하며, 이를 위하여 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원의 강화, 양자 간의 원활한 커뮤니케이션, 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족의 증진, 양자 간의 갈등 예방 및 해소가 필요하며, 이러한 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원과 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족을 증가시킬 수 있고, 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 양자 간의 갈등을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.
목 적: 전자선 조사야 내에서 조직결손이 큰 경우 일어나는 선량의 불균일도를 물 볼루스를 사용하여 감소시키고자 하였으며 이 때 물을 쉽게 제어할 수 있는 방법을 강구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 조직결손이 심하여 일반적인 볼루스를 사용할 수 없는 환자에 대하여 치료계획 장치(Pinnacle, Philips, USA)의 결손조직 보상 기능을 사용하여 이를 보상하는 치료계획을 수립하였다. 결손 된 조직 부분에 해당하는 조직 보상체는 물을 사용하기로 하였고, Mev-green을 환자 몸 위에서 만들어 물을 보다 쉽게 제어할 수 있는 증기를 제작하였다. 제작된 장치는 환자 개개인의의 체표 모양에 맞게 제작하였다. 물을 채운 비닐을 Mev-green 안쪽에 넣어 물이 결손 된 조직을 보상해주는 역할을 하도록 하였다. 자체 제작한 물 볼루스의 효과를 평가하기 위해 CT스캔을 시행한 후 결손조직 보상 기능을 이용하여물 볼루스 사용전후의 치료계획을 수립하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 결 과: 흉벽 조직결손으로 인해 생긴 선량의 불균일도는 자체 제작한 물 볼루스 사용 시 감소하였고, 또한 폐와 간의 정상조직의 선량 역시 감소하였다. 볼루스를 사용하지 않은 경우 최대 표적선량이 132%였으나 물 볼루스 사용 시는 최대 표적선량이 110.4%로 21.6%가 감소하였다. 그리고 우측 폐에 들어가는 선량이 볼루스를 사용하지 않은 경우 19.49%에서 물 볼루스를 사용한 경우 1.02%로 줄었고 간에서는 볼루스를 사용하지 않은 경우 17.1%에서 물 볼루스 사용으로 인해 6.8%로 감소하여 정상조직을 보호할 수 있었다. 결 론: 자체 제작한 물 볼루스 장치를 사용한 결과 PTV내에서 선량의 균일도가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 인접장기 선량의 현저한 감소로 정상조직을 더 많이 보호할 수 있었다. 이 방법은 불균등한 체표에서의 전자선 치료 시 발생할 수 있는 정상조직의 부작용을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
본 논문에서는 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술 중 가장 활발하게 산업화가 진행되고 있는 사물인터넷 산업을 대상으로 비즈모델 혁신방향 중심의 연구를 수행하였다. 글로벌 트렌드 분석을 위해 PEST분석을 활용하여 정책적, 경제적, 사회적, 기술적 이슈를 도출하였고, Gartner, International Data Corporation 등 ICT관련 조사 분석기관의 사물인터넷산업에 대한 미래전망을 제시하였는데, 사물인터넷은 인프라 및 플랫폼을 기반으로 산업인터넷(IIoT), 소물인터넷(IoST) 등으로 네트워크 기술경쟁이 이슈가 될 것으로 전망하였다. 4차 산업혁명으로 인해 급변하는 산업계에 대응하기 위해 기존의 비즈니스 모델 혁신을 위한 다양한 경영학적 방법론들을 검토하였고, '적용성', '민첩성', '다양성', '연계성' 4가지 기준을 가지고 전문가 설문조사를 수행하여 Business Model Canvas 모델이 비즈니스 모델 혁신 방법론으로 가장 적합하다는 AHP 분석결과를 도출하였다. Business Model Canvas는 비즈니스 모델 혁신을 위한 방법론으로 비교적 최근에 제시된 경영전략이며, 9개의 블록 접근 방식을 통해 비즈니스모델의 가치를 식별하며, 비즈니스의 4대 핵심 영역인 고객, 주문, 인프라, 사업타당성 분석 등을 포괄한다. 결론적으로 ICT융합산업 분야에서 어떠한 Business Model Canvas 모델을 방향으로 적용할지에 대한 고찰을 기술하였다.
Hemodialysis is essential treatment for the chronic renal failure patient's long-term cure and for the patient management before and after kidney transplantation. It sustains the endstage renal failure patient's life which didn't get well despite strict regimen and furthermore it becomes an essential treatment to maintain civil life. Bursing implementation in hemodialysis may affect the significant effect on patient's life. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data to solve the hypotension problem encountable to patient and the blood loss problem affecting hemodialysis patient'a anemic states by incomplete rinsing of blood in coil through all process of hemodialysis. The subjects for this study were 44 patients treated hemodialysis 691 times in the hemodialysis unit, The .data was collected at Gang Nam 51. Mary's Hospital from January 1, 1981 to April 30, 1981 by using the direct observation method and the clinical laboratory test for laboratory data and body weight and was analysed by the use of analysis of Chi-square, t-test and anlysis of varience. The results obtained an follows; A. On clinical laboratory data and other data by dialysis Procedure. The average initial body weight was 2.37 ± 0.97kg, and average body weight after every dialysis was 2.33 ± 0.9kg. The subject's average hemoglobin was 7.05±1.93gm/dl and average hematocrit was 20.84± 3.82%. Average initial blood pressure was 174.03±23,75mmHg and after dialysis was 158.45±25.08mmHg. The subject's average blood ion due to blood sample for laboratory data was 32.78±13.49cc/ month. The subject's average blood replacement for blood complementation was 1.31 ±0.88 pint/ month for every patient. B. On the hypotensive state and the coping approaches occurrence rate of hypotension was 28.08%. It was 194 cases among 691 times. 1. In degrees of initial blood pressure, the most 36.6% was in the group of 150-179mmHg, and in degrees of hypotension during dialysis, the most 28.9% in the group of 40-50mmHg, especially if the initial blood pressure was under 180mmHg, 59.8% clinical symptoms appeared in the group of“above 20mmHg of hypotension”. If initial blood pressure was above 180mmHg, 34.2% of clinical symptoms were appeared in the group of“above 40mmHg of hypotension”. These tendencies showed the higher initial blood pressure and the stronger degree of hypotension, these results showed statistically singificant differences. (P=0.0000) 2. Of the occuring times of hypotension,“after 3 hrs”were 29.4%, the longer the dialyzing procedure, the stronger degree of hypotension ann these showed statistically significant differences. (P=0.0142). 3. Of the dispersion of symptoms observed, sweat and flush were 43.3%, and Yawning, and dizziness 37.6%. These were the important symptoms implying hypotension during hemodialysis accordingly. Strages of procedures in coping with hypotension were as follows ; 45.9% were recovered by reducing the blood flow rate from 200cc/min to 1 00cc/min, and by reducing venous pressure to 0-30mmHg. 33.51% were recovered by controling (adjusting) blood flow rate and by infusion of 300cc of 0,9% Normal saline. 4.1% were recovered by infusion of over 300cc of 0.9% normal saline. 3.6% by substituting Nor-epinephiine, 5.7% by substituting blood transfusion, and 7,2% by substituting Albumin were recovered. And the stronger the degree of symptoms observed in hypotention, the more the treatments required for recovery and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.0000). C. On the effects of the changes of blood pressure and osmolality by albumin and hemofiltration. 1. Changes of blood pressure in the group which didn't required treatment in hypotension and the group required treatment, were averaged 21.5mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference in the latter was bigger than the former and these showed statistically significant difference (P=0.002). On the changes of osmolality, average mean were 12.65mOsm, and 17.57mOsm. So the difference was bigger in the latter than in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.323). 2. Changes of blood pressure in the group infused albumin and in the group didn't required treatment in hypotension, were averaged 30mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and it showed no statistical significance (P=0.503). Changes of osmolality were averaged 5.63mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these was no stitistical significance (P=0.287). Changes of blood pressure in the group infused Albumin and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 30mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smaller in the former but there is no significant difference (P=0.061). Changes of osmolality were averaged 8.63mOsm, and 17.59mOsm. So the difference were smaller in the former but these not showed statistically significance (P=0.093). 3. Changes of blood pressure in the group iutplemented hemofiltration and in the Uoup didn't required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 21.5mmHg. So there was no significant differences and also these showed no statistical significance (P=0.320). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 12.65mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance(P=0.199). Changes of blood pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and in the group required treatment in hypotension were averaged 22mmHg and 44.82mmHg. So the difference was smatter in the former and these showed statistically significant differences (P=0.035). Changes of osmolality were averaged 0.4mOsm and 17.59mOsm. So the difference was smaller in the former but these not showed statistical significance (P=0.086). D. On the changes of body weight, and blood pressure, between the group of hemofiltration and hemodialysis. 1, Changes of body weight in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 3.340 and 3.320. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference, (P=0.185) but standard deviation of body weight averaged in comparison with standard difference of body weight was statistically significant difference (P=0.0000). Change of blood Pressure in the group implemented hemofiltration and hemodialysis were averaged 17.81mmHg and 19.47mmHg. So there was no significant differences and these showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.119), But in comparison with standard deviation about difference of blood pressure was statistically significant difference. (P=0.0000). E. On the blood infusion method in coil after hemodialysis and residual blood losing method in coil. 1, On comparing and analysing Hct of residual blood in coil by factors influencing blood infusion method. Infusion method of saline 200cc reduced residual blood in coil after the quantitative comparison of Saline Occ, 50cc, 100cc, 200cc and the differences showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). Shaking Coil method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of Shaking Coil method and Non-Shaking Coil method this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg method reduced residual blood in Coil in comparison of adjusting pressure in Coil at OmmHg and 200mmHg, and this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). 2. Comparing blood infusion method divided into 10 methods in Coil with every factor respectively, there was seldom difference in group of choosing Saline 100cc infusion between Coil at OmmHg. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 13.49cc. Shaking Coil method in case of choosing saline 50cc infusion while adjusting pressure in coil at OmmHg was the most effective to reduce residual blood. The measured quantity of blood loss was averaged 15.18cc.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70