• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.42
• /
• pp.53-79
• /
• 2016

The public interest and popularity of animation has already forecasted the value of animation as the leader of pop culture and cultural industry. The trend in animation changed from 2D to 3D animation, a new genre that appeared in the 1990s with the development of computer technology and innovative changes in media, and 3D animation secured its position in the 2000s. Researches on 3D animation are conducted in various ways. Integrating the area it shares with film and the area it shares with design, it is produced and consumed. This study focused on 'formativeness(design)', the basis of character design, and tried to find out how it is recognized by the audience, who actually watch and feel it. Also, it approached basic theory and tried to deduce logic that is easy to understand and can analyze design or formativeness which keeps changing. Lastly, this study regards the parts that viewers are not satisfied with as problems, and tries to find out a developmental direction. Among the animations for theaters that were big hits in 2015, this study focused on the characters of and . It reviewed errors and what was lacking in the previous studies, collected experts' opinions and made adjustment. Using the frame prepared through this process, it conducted a survey on study participants, the viewers, to see how it is perceived by them. Finally, it tried to find out the reasons why the audience felt that way through theoretical reviews and applications.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.34
• /
• pp.45-79
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose divergence from standardization of animation acting through working on investigating gestures comprising most principal exaggeration acting elements in animation acting. For this purpose, this study utilizes animation 12 principles and Laban's effort theory. This study respectively analyzes 2D and 3D animation gesture expressions that are standards for comedy silent film and derive commonness and difference from them. In the next, this study explores the possibility of how animation can utilize acting of comedy silent film. Charles Chaplin and Buster Keaton used to be important elements referring to early animation acting, but as the recent animation technology gets advanced, they are not treated significantly any more. However, as 3D animation turns out to be chief concerns and the roles that acting, dynamics and performance play become gradually important, the necessity is on the rise that Charles Chaplin and Buster Keaton's gesture performances should more prudently be reinterpreted.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.09a
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 2001

하드웨어 성능 및 소프트웨어 기술에 힘입어 컴퓨터 애니메이션 기술은 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 영화와 게임산업으로부터 군사훈련에 이르기까지 다양한 응용분야에서 이용되고 있다.[1][2] 개발된 3D 애니메이션 엔진은 구조화된 클래스들로 되어있기 때문에 클래스의 가감이 용이하다. 또한 모션 데이터 로더와 캐릭터 로더가 포함되어 있고, 스킬(skill)간의 전이와 섞음이 가능하다. 그러므로 애니메이션 엔진을 이용하여 캡쳐된 모션데이터를 게임에 적용하기 쉬울 뿐만 아니라 다양한 가상환경에서 이용되리라 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method of synthesizing faces of a user and an animation character using a 3D face model. The suggested method first receives two orthogonal 2D face images and extracts major features of the face through the template snake. It then generates a user-customized 3D face model by adjusting a generalized face model using the extracted facial features and by mapping texture maps obtained from two input images to the 3D face model. Finally, it generates a user-customized animation character by synthesizing the generated 3D model to an animation character reflecting the position, size, facial expressions, and rotational information of the character. Experimental results show some results to verify the performance of the suggested algorithm. We expect that our method will be useful to various applications such as games and animation movies.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2001

This study suggests a model of experimental visual artworks with interactive art forms in which 2-D paintings are transformed to interactive 3-D animation works. Multimedia programming was employed to evolve objective still paintings to the animation of computer 3-D images with respect to visual ideas derived from visual components in the still painting and to response to the reactions users. The format and technique of the art works are based upon the contents developed by the author and the research materials are selected from the surrealistic paintings of tile world-famous Belgian painter, Rene Magritte. In the present paper, following topics are discussed in detail: a study of various visual cases occurring in transforming still paintings to animation works containing interactive components; a study of 3-D imaging and image processing techniques to transform 2-D paintings to 3-D images; animation techniques for interaction and overall structuring techniques; multimedia programming and user interface.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2005

According to traditional 2D animation techniques, anticipation makes an animation much convincing and expressive. We present an automatic method for inserting anticipation effects to an existing facial animation. Our approach assumes that an anticipatory facial expression can be found within an existing facial animation if it is long enough. Vertices of the face model are classified into a set of components using principal components analysis directly from a given hey-framed and/or motion -captured facial animation data. The vortices in a single component will have similar directions of motion in the animation. For each component, the animation is examined to find an anticipation effect for the given facial expression. One of those anticipation effects is selected as the best anticipation effect, which preserves the topology of the face model. The best anticipation effect is automatically blended with the original facial animation while preserving the continuity and the entire duration of the animation. We show experimental results for given motion-captured and key-framed facial animations. This paper deals with a part of broad subject an application of the principles of traditional 2D animation techniques to 3D animation. We show how to incorporate anticipation into 3D facial animation. Animators can produce 3D facial animation with anticipation simply by selecting the facial expression in the animation.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2004

3D character animation uses the various entertainment factors such as movie, advertisement, game and cyber idol and occupies an important position in video industry. Although character animation makes various productions and real expressions possible, it is difficult to make character like human body without anatomical understanding of human body. Human body anatomy is the basic knowledge which analyzes physical structure anatomically, gives a lot of helps to make character modeling and make physical movement and facial expression delicately when character animation is produced. Therefore this study examines structure and proportion of human body and focuses on character modeling and animation production based on anatomical understanding of human body.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.83-84
• /
• 2015

최근 개봉하는 영화들을 살펴보면 2D Animation이었던 작품들이 3D Animation으로 제작되고 있다. 먼저 1981년 미국 NBC에서 방영된 후 2011년과 2013년에 실사합성 Animation으로 개봉된 'The Smurf'가 있고, 1999년 'Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards'에서 처음 방영되어 2015년 2월에 실사합성 Animation으로 극장에 개봉한 'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water'이 있다. 과거 만화책과 TV에서 방영되어 아주 큰 호응을 받은 작품들을 기억하는 관객들에게는 3D Animation에서 만들어지는 3D의 공간감과 입체감이 보는 관객들로 하여금 이질감을 느낄 수 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 이질감을 프로이트의 논문 '두려운 낯설음'에서 이야기한 Uncanny현상에 대입한다. 2D Animation이 원작인 작품을 3D Animation으로 만드는 데는 적지 않은 어려움이 있고 각 작품들만의 특징이 있기 때문에, 본 연구를 통해서 2D Animation을 원작으로 하는 3D Animation작품에서 감상하는 관객들로 하여금 이질감을 느끼는 Uncanny현상이 작품에 미치는 영향 대한 연구 결과를 도출하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.1310-1318
• /
• 2002

In this study, we developed a 3D facial modeler and animator that will not use the existing method by 3D scanner or camera. Without expensive image-input equipments, we can easily create 3D models only using front and side images. The system is available to animate 3D facial models as we connect to animation server on the WWW which is independent from specific platforms and softwares. It was implemented using Java 3D API. The facial modeler detects MPEG-4 FDP(Facial Definition Parameter) feature points from 2D input images, creates 3D facial model modifying generic facial model with the points. The animator animates and renders the 3D facial model according to MPEG-4 FAP(Facial Animation Parameter). This system can be used for generating an avatar on WWW.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2001

3D character animation grow rapidly with the development of computer graphic technology and software. Nowadays 3D character animation holds a important position in the various industry fields including movie, advertisement, animation, and game. With the rapid growth of computer graphic, real time animation of complex characters as well as high quality rendering, which was impossible before, are now prevailing. What is remarkable in this growth is the appearance of virtual idol. The virtual idol plays a leading role in 3D character animation and has a synergy effect in the field of fancy and theme park industry. The aim of this inquiry is to examine the status of computer graphic skill and media related to the 3D character animation to search out the problems in the fields and to propose the solution of the problems