• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health knowledge and actual oral health care of the selected subjects, their decision making about prosthetic treatment, the state and characteristics of their prosthetic treatment and their satisfaction with prosthetic treatment in an attempt to provide some information on the improvement of the quality of life related to oral health and the promotion of oral health. Methods : The subjects in this study were 250 people who received education in two different lifelong education institutions in the city of Busan. After a survey was conducted from May 23 to June 15, 2011, the answer sheets from 217 respondents were analyzed. Results : 1. As for the general characteristics of the respondents, the men(52.1%) outnumbered the women. Those who were in their 60 and up(47.5%) made up the largest age group, and the married people(65.4%) outnumbered the unmarried ones. By occupation, the company employees(20.3%) made up the biggest group. By education, the greatest group was high-school graduates(36.1%). By monthly mean income, the biggest group gained an income of 2.01 million won or more(36.9%). As to medical security, community-based insurance was most prevailing (36.9%). In terms of health promotion, the largest group worked out to stay fit(52.4%). 2. Regarding oral health knowledge, they had a good knowledge about the cause of dental caries(56.7%), but they weren't well aware of the right time for regular dental checkup(47.9%). In relation to oral health care, regular scaling wasn't prevailing(16.9%). 3. Regarding connections between the general characteristics and satisfaction with prosthesis, the less-educated respondents expressed significantly more dissatisfaction(p=0.015). By monthly mean income, those who had a smaller income were dissatisfied in general(p=0.028). Conclusions : The findings of the study illustrated that it's required to spread awareness of the importance of oral health among people in general, and that differentiated incremental oral health care should be provided for different age groups. In order to raise the satisfaction of patients with prosthesis, how to relieve their pain and anxiety and how to adjust prosthetic treatment cost properly should carefully be considered. In addition, the government should take measures to offer assistance for the low-income classes in preparation for an increase in the elderly population.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the application of electric stimulation to the auricle acupoint (frequency 2 Hz, stimulation level: noxious) with 30 elderly people over 65 years that received treatment in a rural hospital to determine the influence of pain, gait and balance in the aged with knee joint disease. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; the degenerative joint diseases (DJD) group (1 male, 9 females), the total knee replacement (TKR) group (1 male, 9 females) and the control group (1 male, 9 females). Auricualr electrical stimulation (AES) was applied with low frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 10 seconds per each point. Results: 1. For the change of pain according to AES, there was interaction in the resting period (p<0.001) and gait (p<0.001) and pain of the DJD group and TKR group was decreased. 2. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint showed a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and the ROM for the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. 3. In the analysis of gait speed changes, there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and for gait speed in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people. 4. It was found in the change of static balance that there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.01) and balance capacity in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. Conclusion: The aged with knee joint disease have pain, and a decreased function of gait and balance. AES was an excellent treatment for control of pain, and an excellent treatment to enhanced joint functions. AES was useful for improving gait and balance due to decreased pain.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation (NEES) on ischemia-induced cerebrovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of ${\ast}{\ast}$ arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related substances IL-6, Caspase-3, and PARP, C-fos were measured in neurons of the hippocampus. The following results were obtained. Methods : This study used 21 male specific pathogen free (SPF) SD (Sprague Dawley) rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300 g in weight, that were given at least 1 week to adapt to the lab environment Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group for comparison with the common carotid artery occlusion models, a GI group that underwent common carotid artery occlusion, and a needle electrode electrical stimulation (NEES) group that underwent NEES after artery occlusion. The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device (PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the right and left acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immunohistochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. All the data collected from this study was symbolized and analyzed using a statistics processing program (SPSS 12.0K/PC). The level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=0.05 and a T-TEST analysis was used to find out the effects of treatment on each of the groups: the normal group, the CVA induced group, and the treatment after CVA induction group. Results : Both PARP and C-fos immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI groups than the NEES group. Caspase and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. Conclusions : This research was conducted to study the effects of NEES on CVA due to ischemia. Occlusion and reperfusion was performed on the common carotid arteries of white rats, after which amounts of substances related to neuron necrosis and inflammation - PARP, IL-6, Caspase-3, and C-fos - were measured in the Hippocampus

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1991

Radioaerosol inhalation imaging (RII) has been used in radionuclide pulmonary studies for the past 20 years. The method is well accepted for assessing regional ventilation because of its usefulness, easy fabrication and simple application system. To evaluate its clinical utility in the study of impaired regional ventilation in bronchial asthma, we obtained and analysed RIIs in 31 patients (16 women and 15 men; age ranging 21-76 years) with typical bronchial asthma at the Department of Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical college, from January, 1988 to August, 1989. Scintiscans were obtained with radioaerosol produced by a BARC(Bhabha Atomic Reserch Center, India) nebulizer with 15 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$. The scanning was peformed in anterior, posterior and lateral projections following 5-minute inhalation of radioaerosol on sitting position. The scans were analyzed and correlated with the results of pulmonary function study and the findings of chest radiography. Fifteen patients had concomitant lung perfusion image with $^{99m}Tc-MAA$. Follow-up scans were obtained in 5 patients after bronchodilator therapy. The patients were divided into (1) attack type (4 patients), (2) resistant type (5 patients), (3) remittent type (10 patients) and (4) bronchitic type (12 patients). Chest radiography showed hyperinflation, altered pulmonary vascularity, thickening of the bronchial wall and accentuation of basal interstitial markings in 26 of the 31 patients. Chest radiographs were norma! in the remaining 5 patients. Regardless of type, the findings of RII were basically the same, and characterized by the deposition of radioaerosol in the central parts or in the main respiratory air ways along with mottled nonsegmental ventilation defects in the periphery. Peripheral parenchymal defects were more extensive than that of expected findings from clinical symptoms, pulmonary function test and chest radiograph. Broomstick sign was present in 17 patients. The abnormality of RII was poorly correlated with perfusion scans. In all 5 patients treated with bronchodilators, follow-up study demonstrated a decrease in the degree of radioaerosol deposition in the central air way with improved ventilation defects. This study indicates that RII is a useful technique for the evaluation of regional ventilation abnormality and the effect of treatment with bronchodilators in patients with bronchial asthma.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 1973

In order to eliminate aflatoxin in foodstuffs, the effects of the treatment by various pH conditions, acid and alkali, and salt on each temperature and time were studied in this experiment and the results were as follows: 1) In the low pH, aflatoxins were much more destroyed than high pH. The destruction of aflatoxins was significantly increased by heat in the same pH levels. 2) BY the treatment of 1.5 and 10% of sodium hydroxide and ammonia, aflatoxins were completely eliminated, but $40{\sim}80%$ of aflatoxins were eliminated by the treatment of 1.5 and 10% of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. 3) By the treatment of aflatoxin in bile acid and artificial gastric juice, aflatoxins were completly eliminated and 75% respectively. 4) By the boiling $(100^{\circ}C)$ for 30 minutes in salt solution, $39{\sim}55%$ of aflatoxins was eliminated and no variation was observed as the concentration.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.467-474
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• 2007

Objectives : Gastric cancer is the most common incident cancer in Korea. Although Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, cigarette smoking has also been suggested to play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Methods : The study population consisted of 13,785 subjects who had been enrolled in the Korean Multi-Center Career Cohort between 1993 and 2002. As of December 2002, 139 incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained through the Korea Central Cancer Registry and the National Death Certificate Database. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gastric cancer were estimated using Cox#s proportional hazard model adjusted for age, education, alcohol drinking status and history of gastritis or ulcer. Results : Significant dose-response relationships were observed between the duration of smoking and the risk of gastric cancer among the male subjects in comparison to non-smokers: men who smoked for 20-39 years had a 2.09-fold (95% CI 1.00-4.38) increase, and those who smoked for more than 40 years had a 3.13-fold (95% CI 1.59-6.17) increase in the risk of gastric cancer ($P_{trend}<0.01$). Conclusions : This study suggests that a longer duration of cigarette smoking may increase the risk of gastric cancer development in a dose-response manner in Korean men. The association between smoking and gastric cancer risk in women should be verified in future studies with a larger number of cases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.611-625
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze dental hygienists' opinions on health promotion projects in public health and their needs for specialized education in the projects, so that it could help prepare specialized education program required for health promotion projects in the future. To meet the goals, total 364 dental hygienists working in public health were asked to join a questionnaire survey via e-mail in September 2007 for data analysis. As a result, this analysis came to the following conclusions: First, it was found that 29.9% of total respondents took in charge of health promotion projects, and 26.9% respondents considered it very necessary to be responsible for the health promotion projects(56.0% considered it necessary). Almost half respondents considered nonsmoking assistance most desirable task(48.4%) and foremost demanded(50.5%) out of all current health promotion projects, 39.8% respondents answered that they could carry on health promotion task, if assigned, after completing occupational training course. Second, it was found that 39.3% respondents acquired other licenses and qualifications than certificate of registered dental hygienist, and their medical licenses or qualifications included certificate of nursing assistant(18.7%) and certificate of social worker(11.8%) by category. Third, in terms of opinions on possible ways to facilitate health promotion projects, it was found that over half respondents considered it recommended to step up specialized education(56.9%) and prepare legal basis and administrative system(53.6%). Notably, 90.7% respondents considered it necessary to step up specialized education in health promotion. Fourth, in terms of opinions on participation in health promotion projects, it was found that almost half respondents(49.7%) considered it necessary and very positive for extending dental hygienists' works in the future. Moreover, in terms of reasons for sum positive answers, it was found that many respondents considered it helpful for appointment(41.8%) and contributing to capability development and job satisfaction(44.5%). In terms of opinions that sud, participation would be unnecessary, 29.7% respondents thought that nothing would be changed in their dental health projects even with reduced number of public health dentists, and 31.3% respondents thought that dental hygienists are professional manpower responsible only for dental health works. Finally, in terms of on-the-job training(OJT) related to health promotion, it was found that 92.9% respondents desired for OJT. In terms of experiences in OJT, 79.9% respondents answered that they never joined OJT course. In other words, only 20.1% respondents joined OJT courses for health promotion task, such as nonsmoking assistance(8.8%), health promotion FMTP training(2.2%), exercises(1.4%) and nutrition(0.6%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.583-589
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• 1989

In order to improve the quality and yields of barley tea(water extracts), enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with using three kinds of mired enzymes of ${\alpha}-amylase,\;{\beta}-amylase$ and protease. The barley treated with enzymes were the crushed , soaked and slightly roasted(light brown) Youngsanbori(hulless) and the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics were investigated. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis caused a signigicant increase in solid yields (80%) of barley tea, particularly with the mixed enzyme 5,000 which has higher activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ than the other enzymes. The intrinsic viscosity of barley tea was reduced by enzymatic hydrolysis as the value of dextrose equivalent increased The Hunter L, a, b values was lower for the enzyme treated barley tea but showed not significant difference with reaction time. The organoleptic evaluation clearly showed that both intensity and acceptability of odor and taste was markedly Increased. The roasted nutty, and sweety odor and taste were particular in increase by mixed enzyme 5,000.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.575-582
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• 1989

An investigation was carried out to improve the quality and yield of barley tea(water extracts) by modifying the roasting method. The modified methods employed were crushing the barley into 4-10 parts and soaking in water at room temperature for 20 minutes followed by roasting (light brown or dark brown) at $250^{\circ}C$ before boiling with water. The varieties of barley used for this study were Ol-bori(with hulls) and Youngsan-bori(without hulls) and the qualities measured were the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of roasted barley and its extracts. The results showed that the higher solid yields in barley tea was obtained with an increase in soaking and roasting time. The solid yields increased rapidly with extraction time in boiling water until 30 minutes and then slowed down thereafter. However the intrinsic viscosity of barley tea was reduced by increase in soaking and roasting time. The color of barley tea expressed as Hunter L, a, b values showed that lower L value and higher a and b values were measured for those prepared without soaking and with more extensive roasting. Organoleptic evaluation clearly showed that the sensory quality of barley tea was significantly improved in intensity of odor and taste by crushing, soaking and dark brown roasting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of the ether, butanol, water extracts from chestnut inner shell(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) with those of tocopherol and BHA in soybean oil. All additives were added to soybean oil on the quantities of 0.02%. Comparing the antioxidant activities under autooxidation condition at $45.0{\pm}0.5$ for 42days of the extracts were recorded in the order of butanol>ether>control>BHA>tocopherol depending on the solvent. Under the condition at $60.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 32days, the butanol extracts represented the high antioxidation effect, however, there was no significant differences between the ether extracts and control. Under thermal oxidation condition, the ether extract showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of the butanol extract. In the results of polyphenol compound analysis, ellagic acid, quercetin, morin, naringenin, flavanol were included in the ether extracts and ellagic acid, naringenin, gallic acid, flavanol were included in the butanol extracts, respectively. Among them, ellagic acid in ether extract and gallic acid and naringenin in butanol extracts seed to increase the antioxidant activities in the substrate oil.