• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권7호통권361호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 다중밴드 직접 변환 수신기를 위한 Octa-Phase 전압 제어 발진기를 제안하였다. Octa-Phase 신호와 저 위상잡음을 얻기 위해 4개의 LC VCO를 직렬 커플링 트랜지스터를 이용해 연결하였다. 멀티 밴드 특성을 얻기 위해 밴드 튜닝 회로가 제안되었다. MOS 스위치가 켜짐/꺼짐에 따라서 주파수 범위는 변화한다. 2개의 veractor를 사용해 VCO의 발진 주파수의 공정상의 오차를 최소화하였다. 본 논문에서는 0.18 um CMOS 공정을 이용해 발진기를 설계하였다. 측정 결과 1.8V 공급전압에 12mA의 전류를 소모하였고, $885MHz^{\sim}1342MHz$ 사이의 범위에서 동작하여 3개의 표준(CDMA 20001x, WCDMA, WiBro)에서의 sub-harmonic 혼합기를 구동시킬 수 있는 동작 범위를 만족시킨다. 측정된 위상잡음은 각각 CDMA 2000 1x 대역에서는 -105dBc@100kHz, WCDMA 대역에서는 -115dBc@1MHz, WiBro 대역에서는 -130dBc@10MHz으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of microsomal mixed function oxidase (MFO) and xanthine oxidase activities (XOD) in the liver of rats exposed to microwave. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200$\pm$10g body weight were randomly assigned to a normal and microwave exposed(MW) groups; microwave exposed groups were divided into two groups; microwave (MW) group and green tea(GT) gropu which were fed distilled water and green tea extracts during experimental periods, respectively. Rats were irradiated with microwave at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for 15min and rats wre sacrificed at the 4th day of the microwave irradiaton. The hemoglobin level of GT group was higher than that of the normal gropu and MW group, but the hematocrit value was not significantly different among all experimental gropus. The activity of serum GOT of MW group was significantly increased but that of GT group was similar to normal group. Activities of GPT were not significantly different among all experimental groups. Liver XOD activity was significantly increased in the microwave exposed groups but green tea normalized the XOD activity. The activity of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 was significantly increased in MW group compared to normal group and that of GT group was similar to that of the normal group. The activity of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was also significantly increased in MW group compared to normal group, but that of GT group was similar to that fo the normal group. In conclusion, the activities of MFO and XOD were elevated by microwave irradiaton, but the activation of MFO system as well as the damage of the liver by microwave were reduced by green tea supplementation.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2014

Although the link between activity in the nuclei of galaxy and galactic mergers has been under scrutiny for several years, it is still unclear to what extent and for which populations of active galaxies merger-triggered activity is relevant. The environment of AGN allows an indirect probe of the past merger history and future merger probability of these systems, suffering less from sensitivity issues while extending to higher redshifts, compared to traditional morphological studies of AGN host galaxies. Here we present results from our investigation of the environment of radio selected sources out to redshift z=2. We employ the first data release J-band catalog from the new near-IR Infrared Medium-Deep Survey (IMS) and 1.4 GHz radio data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey and a deep dedicated VLA survey of the VIMOS field, covering a combined total of ~20 sq. degrees. Given the flux limit of the combined radio catalog (0.1 mJy), we probe a radio luminosity range of 10^36-10^44 erg/s. Using the second and fifth closest neighbor density parameters, we test whether active galaxies inhabit denser environments and study these overdensities in terms of both distance to the AGN and its luminosity. We find evidence for a sub-population of radio-selected AGN that resides in significantly overdense environments at small scales, although we do not find significant overdensities for the bulk of our sample. We do not recover any dependence between the AGN radio-luminosity and overdensities. We show that radio-AGN inhabiting the most underdense environments in the field have vigorous ongoing star formation. We interpret these results in terms of the triggering and fuelling mechanism of radio-AGN.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2014

We have investigated a supra-arcade structure associated with an M1.6 flare, which occurred on the south-east limb in the 4th of November 2010. It is ob- served in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), microwaves at 17 and 34 GHz with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), and soft X-rays of 8-20 keV with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). Interestingly, we found exceptional properties of the supra-arcade thermal plasma from the AIA 131 A and the NoRH: 1) plasma upflows along large coronal loops and 2) enhancing microwave emission. RHESSI detected two soft X-ray sources, a broad one in the middle of supra-arcade structure and a bright one just above the flare-arcade. We estimated the number density and thermal energy for these two source regions during the decay phase of the flare. In the supra-arcade source, we found that there were increases of the thermal energy and the density at the early and the last stages, respectively. On the contrary, the density and thermal energy of the source on the top of the flare-arcade decreases throughout. The observed upflows imply that there is continuous energy supply into the supra- arcade structure from below during the decay phase of the flare. It is hard to be explained by the standard flare model in which the energy release site is located high in corona. Thus, we suggest that the potential candidate as the energy source for the hot supra-arcade structure is the flare-arcade which has exhibited a predominant emission throughout.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2020

모바일 기기에서 Wi-Fi와 Bluetooth 연결이 일상화 되면서, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 등의 두 개 이상의 이기종 무선 라디오를 하나의 칩에 통합한 Wi-Fi 및 Bluetooth 콤보 모듈이 보편화 되었다. 콤보칩 기법의 핵심 요건은 통합칩 사용으로도 사용자 경험(QoE)의 품질을 저하되는 등의 성능저하가 있어서는 안되며, 따라서 다양한 환경에서 이 요건을 보장하기 위해서는 콤보모듈의 행동을 특성화하고 이해하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Wi-Fi / Bluetooth 콤보 통신 모듈을 장착한 모바일 기기에서 모바일 스트리밍을 이용할 경우, Bluetooth 사용이 사용자 체감 품질(Qualty-of-Experience)에 미치는 영향을 조사한다. 실측을 통한 실험 결과, Wi-Fi와 블루투스를 동시에 사용하는 환경에서는 Wi-Fi만을 이용하는 환경에 비해 최대 55%의 성능 저하를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 이기종 통신 모듈의 사용에 따른 물리 및 링크 계층의 전송 스케쥴링이 최상위 사용자 계층의 성능에 미치는 영향을 밝혀냈다는 중요성을 갖는다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권9호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2014

차세대 IT 산업으로 주목 받는 사물인터넷(Internet of Things)은 다양한 사물(Things)들을 서로 연결시킬 수 있는 유무선 네트워크 플랫폼을 기반으로 한다. 그러나 이기종 네트워크(Heterogeneous Network)의 특성으로 인해 사물인터넷 플랫폼 개발에 있어 많은 어려움이 있다. 무엇보다도 ZigBee보다 큰 전송 파워를 사용하는 Wi-Fi 때문에 ZigBee 전송은 오류가 발생할 확률이 높아지고 이는 사물인터넷 구현을 힘들게 하는 요소로 작용하게 된다. 본 논문의 제안방법에서는 ZigBee 노드가 충돌 없이 전송 가능한 시간을 분석하고 네트워크 환경에 따라 확률적으로 전송여부를 결정하도록 한다. 이를 통해 같은 주파수 대역을 사용하는 Wi-Fi와 ZigBee의 네트워크 간 간섭현상을 극복하고 높은 ZigBee 프레임 전송 성공률을 달성할 수 있음을 실험으로 확인하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 2.4 GHz 대역을 사용하는 802.11 기반의 무선 랜 상호간 전파 간섭에 따른 전송 속도에 관한 실험이다. 최근, 휴대용 노트북과 스마트폰의 활성화로 무선 랜 밀집 공간이 증가함에 따라, 이 공간에서 설치된 무선 랜 간에 전파 간섭으로 인한 전송 속도 저하가 우려되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 논문은 다수 무선 랜에 설치된 시나리오를 구성하여 채널 조합에 따른 전송 속도를 측정하여 보다 효율적인 채널 조합을 제시하였고, 설치된 AP의 수에 따른 전송 속도를 측정하여 설치 AP의 수와 전송 속도와의 관계를 도출하였다. 측정 결과, 보다 효율적인 채널 조합으로 1, 5, 9, 13을 제시하며, 설치 AP의 밀집도가 증가할수록 전송 속도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2014

Hyperthermia is a form of cancer treatment in which affected human tissue is exposed to $>40^{\circ}C$ temperature. In this paper, our goal is to assess the efficacy of fullerene agents to reduce heating time for cancer treatment. Such agents can accelerate heating of cancer cells and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. Typically, in vitro testing involves cancer cell culturing, heating cell cultures in accordance to specifications, and recording cancer cell viability after hyperthermia. To heat cell cultures, we design and evaluate a 2.4-GHz microwave cavity with controllable temperature. The cavity is comprised of a polystyrene cell culture dish (diameter = 54 mm, height = 13.5 mm) and a printed monopole antenna placed within the cavity for microwave heating. The culture temperature can be controlled through the intensity and duration of the antenna's microwave radiation. Heating experiments were carried out to validate the cavity's performance for F-12K culture medium (Kaighn's F-12K medium, ATCC). Importantly, fullerene agents were shown to reduce heating time and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. The culture medium temperature increased, on average, from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $50.9^{\circ}C$ (without fullerene) and from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $56.8^{\circ}C$ (with 3 mg/mL fullerene) within 15 minutes.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 Chireix Outphasing power amplifier를 설계하는데 필수적인 위상분상기(phase splitter)를 설계하고자 한다. 분상기는 $0[^{\circ}]$도 위상의 신호를 $+90[^{\circ}]$와 $-90[^{\circ}]$ 위상을 갖는 신호로 분리한다. Chireix Outphasing Power amplifier는 분상기에서 분리된 $+90[^{\circ}]$와 $-90[^{\circ}]$ 위상을 갖는 신호를 각각 증폭한 후 다시 합하여 선형화 된 최종 출력을 얻는다. 분상기는 Chireix Outphasing power amplifier를 설계할 때 가장 핵심적인 장치이다. 이 분상기는 입력된 신호의 위상을 정확하게 $90[^{\circ}]$ 위상차이를 갖도록 설계하기가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 이 논문에서 위상분상기(phase splitter)는 두 개의 위상을 $180[^{\circ}]((90[^{\circ}]+{\alpha}),\;-(90[^{\circ}])+{\alpha}))$의 차이를 갖도록 시뮬레이션 툴을 이용하여 구현하고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.3950-3969
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• 2021

Radio Frequency (RF)-based indoor localization technologies play significant roles in various Internet of Things (IoT) services (e.g., location-based service). Most such technologies require that all the devices comply with a specified technology (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth). However, this requirement limits its application scenarios in today's IoT context where multiple devices complied with different standards coexist in a shared environment. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we propose a cross-technology localization approach, which is able to localize target nodes using a different type of devices. Specifically, the proposed framework reuses the existing WiFi infrastructure without introducing additional cost to localize Non-WiFi device (i.e., ZigBee). The key idea is to leverage the interference between devices that share the same operating frequency (e.g., 2.4GHz). Such interference exhibits unique patterns that depend on the target device's location, thus it can be leveraged for cross-technology localization. The proposed framework uses Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to extract salient features of the received WiFi signals, and leverages Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) to improve the robustness of our system. We conduct experiments in real scenario and investigate the impact of different factors. Experimental results show that the average localization accuracy of our prototype can reach 1.54m, which demonstrates a promising direction of building cross-technology technologies to fulfill the needs of modern IoT context.