• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2023

A wideband instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) system is been proposed, designed and analyzed. Phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion is implemented based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect, and the microwave frequency can be measured by detecting the change in output power. Theoretical analysis shows that the frequency measurement range can be extended to 4f_b by adjusting the two sweeping signals of the phase modulators with a difference of 2f_b. The IFM system is set up using VPI transmission maker software and the performances are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the measurement range is 0.5-45.96 GHz with a maximum measurement error of less than 9.9 MHz. The proposed IFM system has a wider measurement range than the existing SBS-based IFM system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on mixed function oxidase system (MFO), lipofuscin contents, carbonyl value, oxidative damage and the antioxidative defense system in lung of microwave exposed rats. Experimental groups were divided to normal group and microwave exposed group. The microwave exposed groups were subdivided into three groups: catechin free diet (MW-0C) group, 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) group and 0.5 ％ catechin (MW-0.5C) group according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency of 2.45 GHz for 15 min. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 6th day after microwave irradiation. The contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ contents in MW-0C group was increased to 95% , compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 16% and 31%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P$_{450}$ reductase in MW-0C group was increased to 44%, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 12% and 17％, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MW-0C group was decreased to 21 ％, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) in MW-0C group was significantly decreased, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were recovered to the level of normal group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in MW-0C group was increased to 34 ％, compared with normal group. Catechin supplementation groups were maintained the level of normal group. The levels of caybonyl value in MW-0C group was increased to 21 ％, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 14% and 12%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The lipofuscin contents in MW-0C group were increased to 23.4 ％, compared with normal group. That of MW-0.5C group was significantly reduced, compared with MW-0C group. In conclusion, MFO system was activated and the formation of oxidized protein, lipofuscin was increased and antioxidative defense system was weakened of lung tissue in microwave exposed rats, thus oxidative damage was increased. But it was rapidly recovered to normal level by green tea catechin supplementation.n.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

자성박막의 미세패턴 소자 제작을 위해 전자 사이크로트론 공명(electron cyclotron resonance; ECR) Ar 이온밀링 시스템을 제작하였다. 소자 식각에 적용한 ECR 이온밀링 시스템에서 주파수 2.45 GHz 파장 12.24 cm의 마이크로파 소스인 마그네트론은 전력 600 W에 의해 가동되어 파장의 정수배에 맞추어 만든 도파관을 통하여 전달되도록 설계하였다. 마이크로파 주파수와 공명시키기 위해 전자석으로 908 G의 자기장을 인가하였고, 알곤 개스를 cavity에 유입시켜서 방전된 이온들은 그리드 사이에 인가한 약 1000 V의 가속전압에 의한 에너지를 갖고 표면을 밀링한다. 이것을 이용하여 다층구조 GMR-SV(giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) 자성박막에 광 리소그래피, 이온밀링 및 전극제작 공정과정을 마치고 폭이 $1{\mu}m$에서 $9{\mu}m$까지의 소자들을 제작하여 광학현미경으로 소자 크기를 관찰하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.563-566
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• 2000

The effect of CuO and CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$ additives on microwave dielectric properties of (P $b_{0.45}$C $a_{0.55}$)[F $e_{0.5}$N $b_{0.5}$)$_{0.9}$S $n_{0.1}$] $O_3$were investigated to decrease the sintering temperature for usage of Low Temperature Co-firing Ceramics (LTCC). The (P $b_{0.45}$C $a_{0.55}$)[F $e_{0.5}$N $b_{0.5}$)$_{0.9}$S $n_{0.1}$] $O_3$ceramics was sintered at 11$65^{\circ}C$. In order to decrease the sintering temperature, CuO and Cuo-B $i_2$ $O_3$ were added in the (Pb,Ca)[(Fe,Nb)Sn] $O_3$ with CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$. For the addition of 0.4 wt.% CuO, the sintered density and the dielectric constant of the ceramics were revealed the maximum values of the 6.06g/c $m^2$ and 83 respectively and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency ($\tau$$_{f}$) shifted to the positive value. As increasing B $i_2$ $O_3$to the (Pb,Ca)[(Fe,Nb)Sn] $O_3$ with CuO-B $i_2$ $O_3$with 0.2 wt.% CuO, the sintered density, the $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ and the Q was decreased, and $\tau$$_{f}$ was minimized at 0.2 wt.% CuO, and 0.2 wt.% B $i_2$ $O_3$. For this composition, dielectric properties were $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ of 81, Q. $f_{0}$ of 4400 GHz, and $\tau$$_{f}$ of 5 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ at sintering temperature of 100$0^{\circ}C$. the relationship between the microstructure and properties of ceramics was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM).copy(SEM).oscopy(SEM).copy(SEM).EM).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2000

The sintering characteristics and the effects of density on dielectric properties in 0.2Ba(Mg$_{1}$3(Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$-0.8Ba(Mg$_{1}$3//Ta$_{2}$3/)O$_3$ceramics were investigated. The samples were made by the powder mixing techniques with the two step calcining conditions. When the 1st and the 2nd calcining temperatures were 120$0^{\circ}C$ and the sintering temperature was 155$0^{\circ}C$the density of samples showed the highest value (7.45 g/cm$^3$, 98.5% of theoretical density) among them. The dielectric constant of samples was nearly independent of density but the tan $\delta$ and the temperature coefficient of dielectric constant decreased linearly with increasing of the density. The quality factor(Q$\times$f), the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency and the dielectric constant of Ba[Mg$_{1}$3(Nb$_{0.2}$/Ta$_{0.8}$)sub 2/3/]O$_3$ceramic were 79,548 GHz, +1.5 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and 26 in the microwave range, respectively.ely.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

A single phase Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 was prepared by the oxalate method from aqueous solution of BaCl2 TiCl4 and ZrOCl2. The structure ananlysis has been carried out by Rietveld analysis method at room temperature. Powder X-ray data of Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 was indexed with the triclinic lattice(a=7.4587 $\AA$ b=14.0672 $\AA$, c=13.3327 $\AA$, $\alpha$=89.87, $\beta$=79.45 ${\gamma}$=84.46) The R (Residual) values of structure refinement were in a range between 10.00 and 8.00 This analysis proved that the added Zr occupied Ti sites in th structure of Ba2Ti9O20. Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 has excellent dielectric properties(dielectric constant K=40.49 at 5.42 GHz Q=4621) so that it can be used as good microwave dielectric materials.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2005

본 논문은 전파 수집 및 감시 시스템 등에 사용되는 초고주파 신호의 도래 방향 측정에 관한 연구로써, 방향탐지 장치의 안테나를 통해서 수신된 신호들의 진폭차를 이용하여 신호의 입사 방향을 측정하는 진폭 비교 방향 탐지 방식과 동일한 안테나로 수신된 고주파 신호들의 위상차를 이용하여 전파의 도래 방향을 측정하는 위상 비교 방향 탐지 방식을 결합하는 새로운 기술이다. 본 방식은 위상 비교 기술의 정밀한 방향 탐지 능력과 진폭 비교 방식의 측정 방위 모호성 제거 능력을 복합하여 간단한 구성으로써 모호성이 없고 정밀하게 전파 도래 방향을 측정하는 기술이다. 제시된 방향 탐지 기술을 $360^{\circ}$ 전 방위각에서 전파의 방향을 측정하기 위해서 8개의 안테나를 원주를 따라서 $45^{\circ}$ 간격으로 일정 하게 배치하고, 인접한 안테나의 수신 신호 위상차를 이용하여 전파의 도래 방향을 측정하고, 진폭차를 이용하여 도래 방향 모호성을 제거하였을 때, 설계된 방향 탐지 장치의 모사 및 측정 결과는 도래 신호의 신호 대 잡음비가 30 dB인 경우에 $2.0\~6.0$ GHz주파수 범위에서 $0.5^{\circ}$ 이하의 양호한 방향 탐지 오차를 얻었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 마이크로파 가열 시스템에서 가열을 위한 반응기로 사용되는 다중 모드 공동기 내부의 전계 분포를 균일하게 형성시키기 위한 슬롯 도파관 급전기를 설계, 제작하였다. 기존의 급전기 경우에는 다중 모드 공동기 내부의 전계를 균일하게 해주기 위해 모드 스터러나 턴테이블과 같은 추가적인 부품을 공동기 내부에 설치해 사용하였다. 제안된 슬롯 도파관 급전기는 자체적으로 균일한 방사를 갖도록 구형 도파관의 넓은 면에 4개의 슬롯이 있고 양쪽의 개구면이 단락된 구조를 특징으로 한다. 제안된 급전기가 장착된 다중 모드 공동기 내부의 전계 분포는 CST사의 MWS(Microwave Studio)를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였고, 기존의 급전기를 장착한 경우보다 더 균일한 전계 분포 특성을 보임을 확인하였다. 제작된 급전기는 사용 주파수 2.45 GHz에서 -20 dB 이하의 반사 손실을 보였다. 우리 제안의 타당성을 검증하기 위해, 공동기 내에 물 시료들을 배치해 일정시간 가열시켜 가열 전후의 온도 변화를 관찰하였다. 온도 변화는 공동기에 기존 급전기를 장착한 경우, 중앙과 가장 자리에 있는 시료들 사이에 약 $3.5^{\circ}C$, 제안된 급전기를 장착한 경우에는 약 $0.7^{\circ}C$의 차이를 보였다. 이를 통해, 제안된 급전기가 기존의 급전기보다 다중 모드 공동기 내의 전계 분포 균일성 향상에 기여함을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2018

The phase evolution, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of $Ba(Mg_{0.5-2x}Y_{2x}W_{0.5-x}Ti_x)O_3$ (x = 0.005~0.05) ceramics sintered at $1,700^{\circ}C$ for 1h were investigated. All compositions exhibited a 1:1 ordered cubic perovskite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image revealed a dense microstructure in all the compositions. As the value of x increased, the lattice parameter, dielectric constant, and quality factor increased. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency changed from $-19.6ppm/^{\circ}C$ to $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$ with increasing x value. The dielectric constant, quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of $Ba(Mg_{0.40}Y_{0.10}W_{0.45}Ti_{0.05})O_3$ were 21.7, 132,685 GHz, and $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2019

The phase evolution, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of (Ba_1-xNa_x)(Mg_0.5-2xY_2xW_0.5-xTa_x)O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) ceramics were investigated. All compositions exhibited a 1:1 ordered perovskite structure. As the value of x increased, the dielectric constant (ε_r) exhibited a tendency to increase slightly. The quality factor reached the maximum value at x = 0.01. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) increased from -19.32 ppm/℃ to -5.64 ppm/℃ in the positive direction as x increased. The dielectric constant (ε_r), quality factor (Q × f₀), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) of the composition x = 0.05, i.e., (Ba_0.95Na_0.05)(Mg_0.4Y_0.1W_0.45Ta_0.05)O₃ were 19.9, 128,553 GHz, and -5.6 ppm/℃, respectively.