• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.895-899
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• 2009

A new approach for the determination of acrylamide (AM) in foods by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (SPME-GC) was established. AM was bromized and transformed to 2-bromoacrylamide (2-BAM). 2-BAM was then extracted by a commercial SPME fiber, $75-{\mu}m$ Car/PDMS fiber, for GC detection. The influence of extraction and desorption parameters such as extraction temperature and time, stirring rate, desorption temperature, and time were studied and optimized. The mass concentration was proportional to the peak area of 2-BPA from 1.0 to 8,000 ${\mu}g/L$. The detection limit of the SPME-GC for 2-BAM was found to be 0.1 ${\mu}g/L$, and the recoveries and relative standard deviations for different food samples were 74.5 to 102.0%, and 4.2 to 9.1%, respectively. The presented method was applied to the determination of AM in fried foods.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

Dimethylaminopropyl methacryamide was photografted onto PET fabrics by continuous UV irradiation under ambient conditions. Several factors affecting the photografting were studied including irradiation energy, monomer and photoinitiator concentrations. ATR and ESCA analysis showed the successful grafting of the monomer onto the PET surface. The grafted PET fabrics showed higher zeta potentials below pH 7 compared with the ungrafted PET. The dyeability of the grafted PET fabrics to two $\alpha$-bromoacrylamide reactive dyes was investigated under various dyeing conditions including dye concentration, pH, dyeing temperature and time. The grafting imparted the reactive dyeability to PET fabrics, which was proportional to the grafted monomer content. The reactive dyeing behavior of the grafted PET fabrics was similar to that of conventional wool fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

para-Aramid has limited dyeability because of its highly crystalline structure and compactness. To improve the dyeability of the para-aramid to reactive dyes of bright color in deep shade, the fabrics were photografted under continuous UV irradiation with dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and 4-benzoyl benzoic acid as a monomer and a hydrogen -abstractable photoinitiator respectively. A UV energy of 35J/$cm^2$ and a photoinitiator concentration of ten percent or more with respect to the monomer in the formulation was required for optimal photografting. Grafting yield increased with higher monomer application level. Surface analysis indicated significant alterations in the atomic composition of the photografted fabric surface and the fabric surface was covered with the grafted polymers. While the pristine para-aramid fabrics showed no appreciable dyeability to the ${\alpha}$-bromoacrylamide reactive dyes, the grafted para-aramid fabrics enhanced the dyeability to the reactive dyes substantially. In case of C.I. Reactive Blue 50, a K/S value of 8.7 can be obtained with the grafted para-aramid fabrics with a grafting yield of 2.3 %. Also the color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics was excellent in the conditions of washing, rubbing and light irradiation.