• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2008

Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) carried out 2 dimensional multi-channel seismic surveys for Domi-Basin of east-southern part of Jeju Island, South Sea, Korea in 2007. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the structure of acoustic basement and the potential of energy resources in the Korean shelf. It is essential to produce fine stack and migration section to understand the structure of basement. However a basement can not be clearly defined where multiples exist between sea surface and seafloor. This study aimed at designing the optimal data processing parameter, especially to eliminate the peg-leg multiples. Main data processing procedure is composed of minimum phase predictive deconvolution, velocity analysis and Radon filter. We tested the efficiency of processing parameter from stack sections of each step. Our results confirmed that processing parameters are suitable for the seismic data of Domi-Basin.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.235-248
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• 1991

This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic effect of the simulatneous multifilm individualized lateral tomography in the diagnosis of the temporomandibular disorders. The subjects consisted of 29 patients with symptoms of the temporomandibular disorders. The panoramic view, oblique lateral transcranial radiograph (OLTC) (Hirozontal angulation 0°, Vertical angulation 29°), submentovertex view, and simultaneous multifilm individualized lateral tomographs (SMFI) in centric occlusion (2.5㎜ thickness difference, 5 layers) were taken for the patients. This study compared the findings from each radiographs in the determining of mandibular condylar position with dual linear measurement of the subjective closest posterior and subjective closest anterior interarticular space and in the determining of bony changes on the studied 30 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with symptoms of the temporomandibular disorders. The results were as follows: 1. The distribution of condylar position of OLTC and 5 layers of SMFI depended on the radiographs (p<0.05). The condylar position and the distribution of condylar position of OLTC were more similar to lateral sections of the SMFI than mesial sections, and in the distribution of the condylar position of SMFI, the more lateral sections of SMFI, the more concentric 2. positions. There were 10 cases in which all layers showed the same condylar position as that of OLTC. There were 3 cases in which no layers showed the same condylar position as that of OLTC. 3. In the SMFI of 30 Temporomandibular joints studied, there is 13 cases in which all five layers represented the same condylar position in the same TMJ and 11 cases in which 4 layers represented the same condylar position in the same TMJ and 6 cases in which 3 layers represented the same condylar position in the same TMJ. So at least 3 layers of SMFI represented same condylar position in the same TMJ. 4. The bony changes were not detected in conventional radiographs on the temporomandibular joint and the bony changes were not detected in simultaneous multifilm individualized lateral tomographs. The bony changes were detected in conventional radiographs on the temporomandibular joint and the bony changes were detected in simultaneous multifilm individualized lateral tomographs. SMFI provided a meams for a three dimensional visualization of the shape, the position and the extent of bony changes of TMJ.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2010

This study considered the feasibility of controlling the air concentration by oscillating flow in fuel cell channels. The fuel cell stack performance is largely influenced by the air concentration. If the air concentration is lower than 2.5 times the stoichiometric of the inlet air, the fuel cell stack performance seriously deteriorates because of air starvation. In this respect, optimizing the air concentration is crucially important to maximizing the fuel cell stack performance. In this work, the effects of oscillating actuation were studied to control the concentration. Studies have shown that there are two non-dimensional key parameters related to the frequency and oscillating amplitude. This paper presents how those parameters affect the performance of the stack.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1974

The object of this research is aimed to determine the activity of adenyl cyclase in both skeletal muscle sarcolemma and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue isolated from rats exposed to cold for various length of time in an attempt to evaluate whether the tissue sensitivity to catecholamine is increased when rats are exposed to cold for long periods of time Methods: a)Animals: Albino rats ranging in weight from 150 to 200 gm were used throughout this study. For experimental purposes, the rats are divided into two groups: experimental animals were place4 in a cold room at $4^{\circ}C$, controls being kept at $25^{\circ}C$. At the end of 2, 4, 6, 12, and 16 weeks. exposure to cold the rats were used to measure the adenyl cyclase activity. b) Isolation of plasma membrane from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: The Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle from hind limbs of rats are prepared by the method employed by Rosenthal et at. and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue of rats by the method employed by Rodbell. c) Adenyl cyclase assay: Adenyl cyclase activity were measured by the method employed by Marinetti et al. Briefly, plasma membrane was incubated with $3^H-ATP$, various amount of noradrenaline and other incubation mixture at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. After stopping the enzyme reaction by immersion in boiling water, carrier 3',5'-AMP was added to the system as a marker and $100\;{\mu}1$ aliquots of incubation mixture were pipetted on $20{\time}20$ Whatman No. 3 MM filter paper for one dimensional chromatography. The cyclic AMP spots were cut off and placed in counting vials containing 10ml of Bray's scintillation cocktail. Radioactivity was determined with a Packard Tri-Carb liquid scintillation counter. The enzyme activity is expressed as nanomoles of cyclic AMP produced per mg of membrane per hour. Result: 1. Average adenyl cyclase activity in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle before and after noradrenaline administration was significantly higher in the cold-exposed rats as compared to the control. Continuous exposure to cold Produced an increased adenyl cyclase activity before and after noradrenaline administration. Adenyl cyclase activity reached peak levels at the 6 weeks exposure to told and level of adenyl cyclase activity remained high. Noradrenaline administration to the incubation medium induced a significant increase in adenyl cyclase activity and the degree of stimulation were proportional to the hormonal concentration But the rate of inclement in adenyl cyclase activity by noradreasline was the same in both groups. 2. Adenyl cyclase activity in fat cell ghost between cold exposed and control rats showed no significant differences before and after noradreualine administration. In summary, it can be concluded that cold adaptation give rise an increased activity of adenyl cyclase in plasma membrane of skeletal muscle in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

GaN nanorods were grown on the apex of GaN stripes by three dimensional selective growth method. $SiO_2$ mask was partially removed only on the apex area of the GaN stripes by an optimized photolithography for the selective growth. Metallic Au was deposited only on the apex of the GaN stripes and a selective growth of GaN nanorods was followed by a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). We confirmed that the shape and size of the GaN nanorods depend on growth temperature and flow rates of group III precursor. GaN nanorods were grown having a taper shape which have sharp tip and triangle-shaped cross section. From the TEM result, we confirmed that threading dislocations were rarely observed in GaN nanorods because of the very small contact area for the selective growth. Stacking faults which might be originated from a difference of the crystal facet directions between the GaN stripe and the GaN nanorods were observed in the center area of the GaN nanorods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

In order to classify the trophic state and environmental quality of marine coastal system, an approach using the characteristics and biochemical composition in the sediments can be available. This research, including 25 coastal bay, belong to 131 stations, was carried out along the south coasts of Korea in February 2007. Type of sediment, total ogranic carbon, total nitrogen, phytopigments and biochemical composition(proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) were analyzed. Result from Multi-dimensional Scaling(MDS) ordination indicates that four group can be identified. The result of ANOVA with tukey test shows that the concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymeric carbon were significantly different to four groups. We propose the trophic state classification for these groups using the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter. I group(Masan, Jinhae, Haengam) has been defined as hypertrophic state, II group(Tongyeong, Goseong；Jaran, Geoje et al.), as eutrophic; III group(Gamak, Deungnyang, Yeoja et al.), as mesotrophic and IV group(Sinan, Jindo, Muan), as oligotrophic. On the basis of results reported in this study, the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter could be considered an useful and sensitive tool for the classification of the trophic state of marine coastal systems.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2015

This study constructed a 3D geological model for Uggi Nuur Fe-Mn mineralization zone in Mongolia, and the 3D geological distribution is cross-analyzed with magnetic anomaly distribution to figure out relationship between ore zone and subsurface geology. As a result of 4 step 3D modeling procedures including geological cross section, surface modeling, foliation modeling and solid modeling, the geology of the both study area is bordered by faults in NW direction with Munguntessj formation being located in the west side of the fault while Yashill formation is located on the other side of the fault. Moreover, the strike direction of foliation in the both formation shows same directional pattern with the NW faults. The magnetic anomaly distribution reveals that higher anomaly values are concentrated to near the ground surface. The analyses of 3 dimensional distribution between subsurface geology and magnetic anomaly indicates that higher anomaly is mainly distributed over the Munguntessj formation as a elongated lens bodies whereas the magnetic anomaly is evenly found in the both of Munguntessj formation and Yashill formation in the study area 2. It infers that volcanic activities associated mineralization occurred during silurian period, and the mineralized zone is thought to be realigned along the geological structures caused by later stage tectonic activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to identify differences in the expression levels of liver proteins between healthy and ketotic cows, establish a liver metabolic interrelationship of ketosis and elucidate the metabolic characteristics of the liver during ketosis. Liver samples from 8 healthy multiparous Hostein cows and 8 ketotic cows were pooled by health status and the proteins were separated by two-dimensional-electrophoresis (2D-E). Statistical analysis of gels was performed using PDQuest software 8.0. The differences in the expression levels of liver proteins (p<0.05) between ketotic and healthy cows were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry. Five enzymes/proteins were identified as being differentially expressed in the livers of ketotic cows: expression of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 (HCDH), acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT) and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) were down-regulated, whereas that of alpha-enolase and creatine kinase were up-regulated. On the basis of this evidence, it could be presumed that the decreased expression of HCDH, which is caused by high concentrations of acetyl-CoA in hepatic cells, in the livers of ketotic cows, implies reduced fatty acid ??oxidation. The resultant high concentrations of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl CoA would depress the level of ACAT and generate more ??hydroxybutyric acid; high concentrations of acetyl-CoA would also accelerate the Krebs Cycle and produce more ATP, which is stored as phosphocreatine, as a consequence of increased expression of creatine kinase. The low expression level of elongation factor Tu in the livers of ketotic cows indicates decreased levels of protein synthesis due to the limited availability of amino acids, because the most glucogenic amino acids sustain the glyconeogenesis pathway; thus increasing the level of alpha-enolase. Decreased protein synthesis also promotes the conversion of amino acids to oxaloacetate, which drives the Krebs Cycle under conditions of high levels of acetyl-CoA. It is concluded that the livers of ketotic cows possess high concentrations of acetyl-CoA, which through negative feedback inhibited fatty acid oxidation; show decreased fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and protein synthesis; and increased gluconeogenesis and energy production.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

Purpose: The periosteum is a well-known source of osteogenic precursor cells for tissue-engineered bone formation. However, cultured endothelial or endothelial-like cells derived from periosteum have not yet been investigated. This study focused on endothelial-like cell culture from the periosteum. Methods: Periosteal tissues were harvested from the mandible during surgical extraction of lower impacted third molars. The tissues were treated with 0.075% type I collagenase in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 1 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ to release cellular fractions. The collagenase was inactivated with an equal volume of DMEM/10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the infranatant was centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The cellular pellet was filtered through a $100{\mu}m$ nylon cell strainer, and the filtered cells were centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The resuspended cells were plated into T25 flasks and cultured in endothelial cell basal medium (EBM)-2. Results: Among the hematopoietic markers, CD146 was more highly expressed than CD31 and CD34. The periosteal-derived cells also expressed CD90 and CD166, mesenchymal stem cell markers. Considering that the expression of CD146 was constant and that the expression of CD90 was lower at passage 5, respectively, the CD146 positive cells in passage 5 were isolated using the magnetic cell sorting (MACS) system. These CD146 sorted, periosteal-derived cells formed tube-like structures on Matrigel. The uptake of acetylated, low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-Ac-LDL) was also examined in these cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CD146-sorted positive cells can be referred to as periosteal-derived CD146 positive endothelial-like cells. In particular, when a co-culture system with endothelial and osteoblastic cells in a three-dimensional scaffold is used, the use of periosteum as a single cell source would be strongly beneficial for bone tissue engineering.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7039-7044
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• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.