• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.606-612
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the average anthropometric value of normal Korean men and women and to compare the preceding literatures. Additionally, average Korean profilogram was made to serve as a template for diagnosis of facial form. Eighty five Korean subjects(41 men, 44 women) aged between 21 to 26 were selected by members of the author's department on the basis of intact dentition and Class I occlusion without facial asymmetry. Frontal and lateral photographs were taken under standardized condition with digital camera. The image was magnified and adjusted according to the FH plane of cephalometric radiographs and digitized using personal computer. To compare the Western beauty, 25 esthetically pleasing female was selected to measure various angle and distance of the face. 1. It was possible to calculate the mean coordinate value of Korean normal samples which enables the direct visualization and comparison with the use of template. The method in this study was easy to applicate under the Microsoft $Windows^{(R)}$ bases. 2. Maxillary vertical hypoplasia, upper and lower lip protrusion was characteristics of Korean norms and relatively narrow alar base distance, less conspicuous nasal projection was observed. As the vermilion exposure and upper lip length was more than western norm, chin looks shorter than western. To compare the Korean and Western esthetically pleasing profile, facial convexity and nose was less conspicuous in Korean women.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2006

정규화된 파동장을 이용하는 탄성파 전파형 역산법은 기존의 전파형 역산법에서 필요로 하는 탄성파원 예측으로 인해 야기되는 잠재적인 역산오차를 피할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 전파형 역산법에 가중 평활화제약을 추가하여 분해능을 높였으며, 모든 주파수성분을 동시에 역산하지 않고 주파수 별로 순차적으로 역산하도록 수정하였다. 새로운 방법은 간단한 2 차원 단층모델에 적용하여 검증하였다. 가장 큰 개선점은 적분감도에 기초하여 결정한 가중계수를 모델변수에 도입한 점이다. 모델변수에 가중계수를 적용하면 평활화제약을 선택적으로 완화할 수 있기 때문에 영상화 재구성 시 잘못된 영상을 줄이는데 효과적이다. 다중 단일주파수 역산은 다중주파수 동시역산을 대치할 수 있으며, 특히 작은 주파수부터 먼저 사용하는 순차적인 단일주파수 역산은 계산효율면에서 유용하다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2007

정부 및 지자체 행정업무의 전산화와 통합시스템 구축이 증가함에 따라 차량측량시스템의 활용성이 점차 증대 돼 가고 있다. 이와 같은 요구에 따라 특정 지역의 시설물을 신속하게 측정해야 하는 경우가 발생하는데 이 경우에는 후처리방식보다는 실시간 현장처리방식이 필요하며 현장처리에 있어서는 정확도 못지않게 자료의 처리속도가 중요한 요소가 된다. 본 연구에서는 정확도와 처리속도 면에서 현장처리에 적합한 3차원 위치결정방법을 선정하기 위해 사진측량분야에서 사용되어 온 두 가지 공간전방교회법을 프로그램화하여 비교하였다. 특히, 해석적 공간전방교회법에 대해서는 기존의 근거리 지상사진 측량법을 차량의 이동에 따라 카메라의 위치와 자세가 변하는 차량측량시스템의 특성에 맞도록 수정하여 적용하였다. 비교결과, 정확도의 측면에서는 두 방법에서 차이가 거의 없었으나 계산에 소요되는 시간의 측면에서는 해석적 공간전방교회법이 약 1/3 정도로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2014

PURPOSE. In case of large horizontal discrepancy of alveolar ridge due to severe resorption, cantilevered crown is usually an unavoidable treatment modality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical criteria for the placement of the aforementioned implant crown. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The mandible model with 2 mm thick cortical bone and cancellous bone was fabricated from CT cross-section image. An external connection type implant was installed and cantilevered crowns with increasing offset of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm were connected. Vertical load and $30^{\circ}$ oblique load of 300 N was applied and stress around bone and implant component was analyzed. A total of 14 cases were modeled and finite element analysis was performed using COSMOS Works (Solid works Inc, USA). RESULTS. As for the location of the vertical load, the maximum stress generated on the lingual side of the implant became larger according to the increase of offset distance. When the oblique load was applied at $30^{\circ}$, the maximum stress was generated on the buccal side and its magnitude gradually decreased as the distance of the offset load increased to 5 mm. After that point, the magnitude of implant component's stress increased gradually. CONCLUSION. The results of this study suggest that for the patient with atrophied alveolar ridge following the loss of molar teeth, von-Mises stress on implant components was the lowest under the $30^{\circ}$ oblique load at the 5 mm offset point. Further studies for the various crown height and numbers of occusal points are needed to generalize the conclusion of present study.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

두께가 얇은 기록매질을 사용하는 디스크형 홀로그래픽 메모리에서 비초점 Fourier aus 홀로그램을 저장할 때 홀로그램 당면적 저장밀도 및 기록 면에서의 빔세기분포 등을 조사하였다. 정확한 Fourier 면 홀로그램을 기록할때에는 2진 데이터를 표현하는 공간 광 변조기의 화소 피치가 클수록 면적 저장 밀도가 증가하지만, 비초점 Fourier 면 홀로그램을 저장할 때에는 면적 저장밀도를 최대로 하는 최적의 화소 피치가 존재함을 보였다. 일반적으로 홀로그램당 면적 저장밀도를 높이기 위해서는 데이터 영상을 집속하는 Fourier 변환 렌즈의 f/#가 가급적 작아야 한다. 이 경우 기록면에서의 빔세기 분포뿐만 아니라 기록면적이 비초점율에 따라 매우 민감하게 변하게 된다. 따라서 정확한 Fourier 면 홀로그램을 기록한다. 할지라도 최대의 면적 저장밀도를 얻기 위해서는 매질의 두께에 따른 비초점율의 영향을 고려해야 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2004

To observe and analysis ultra-microscopically barley aleurone cell surface, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. Seed coat of early maturing germplasm, eam9, was dehulled and scanned by non-contact mode. We have obtained the high resolution topographic 3-dimensional image of barley aleurone layer with high resolution. These images showed the membrane proteins in barley aleurone cell. One channel protein and numerous peripheral or integral proteins were detected in a area of 100 $\mu\textrm{m}^2$. Furthermore, we found that their widths were ranged from 50 to 750nm and lengths from 0 to 66 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The thickness of aleurone layer was measured by scanning electron microscope. The thickness at early developmental stage was about 16 and then the aleurone cell enlarged upto 57 $\mu\textrm{m}$${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at least until 42 days after anthesis. In this study, we firstly reported on the ultrastructural AFM analysis of living aleurone cell as a biological specimen. It was clearly suggested that AFM will become an powerful tool for probing both the structural properties of biological samples.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.131-131
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• 2017

Though the Platycodon grandiflorum, has a broad range of pharmacologic properties, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In order to profile proteins from the nodal segment, callus, root and shoot, high throughput proteome approach was executed in the present study. Two-dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 84 differential expressed proteins were confirmed out of 839 protein spots using image analysis by Progenesis SameSpot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 58 differential expressed protein spots (${\geq}2-fold$) were analyzed using MASCOT search engine according to the similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins along with the UniProt database. Out of 58 differential expressed protein, 32 protein spots were up-regulated such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, endoplasmic oxidoreductin-1, heat stress transcription factor A3, RNA pseudourine synthase 4, cysteine proteinase, GntR family transcriptional regulator, E3 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, while 26 differential protein spots were down-regulated such as L-ascorbate oxidase precursor, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-34, putative SCO1 protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3. However, the frequency distribution of identified proteins using iProClass databases, and assignment by function based on gene ontology revealed that the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the nucleic acid binding (17%), transferase activity (14%) and ion binding (12%). Taken together, the protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and its metabolic activities in various explants of this essential medicinal plant P. grandiflorum.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2006

Preoperative angiography is frequently used in the planning of microsurgical reconstruction for identification of vascular abnormality that influence the planning of operation. But, recently 3D CT angiography is considered as new technique that can provide detailed information about vascular anatomy as well as soft and bony tissue without the risks of invasive angiography. 3D CT angiograms were performed in 19 patients before microsurgical reconstruction for the lower extremity and hand between May of 2003 and Oct of 2004. Sixteen of the studies were of the donor site and all of 19 studies were of the recipient site. No complications were found from the 3D CT angiograms. In one case of the bone exposed open wound, the injury of anterior tibial artery was identified and the zone of injury was adequately demonstrated. With the improvement in quality of CT imaging, 3D CT angiograms may provide a favorable alternative to invasive angiography. It is capable of providing high-resolution, three dimensional vascular imaging without the need for arterial puncture and prolonged post-procedure observation. The relation among blood vessels, bones, and soft tissue is well demonstrated in 3D CT angiogram. Also The acquisition time and examination cost were considerably lower in comparison with invasive angiography. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 3D CT angiography may provide accurate, safe, and cost-effective preoperative imaging. The 3D CT angiography with relatively low morbidity, low cost, ease of image acquisition can have an broader role in microsurgical reconstructive surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.482-485
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• 2006

비디오흉강경수술은 조직에 손상을 덜 주고, 통증완화 및 미용효과가 우수하며, 환자의 회복이 빠른 장점이 있어 흉부외과 영역에 광범위하게 적용되고 있다. 그러나 2차원 평면이미지의 한계, 내시경기구들의 제한된 움직임 등의 단점이 있어 이를 극복하고자 많은 기술적 발전이 이루어져 왔으며, 이 중 현재 가장 앞선 것이 다빈치 수술로봇(da $Vinci^{TM}$ Surgical System)이다. 구미에서는 이미 많은 기관에서 다빈치 수술로봇을 이용한 수술이 시행되고 있으며, 국내에는 2005년 5월 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스병원에 도입된 후 7월에 식품의약품안전청의 승인을 받아 수술에 이용되기 시작하였다. 저자들은 전종격동에 발생한 기형종에 대하여 다빈치 수술로봇을 이용한 종양적출술을 성공적으로 시행하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.42.4-43
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• 2018

Most galaxies are believed to evolve through mergers and accretions. In particular, minor mergers and gas accretion appear to play an important role in galaxy evolution in the present-day Universe. Tidally-disrupted debris from such processes remain as diffuse, low-surface brightness structures because the dynamical timescale in the outskirts is significantly longer than that in the central regions. Although these structures will give us useful insight into the mass assembly history of galaxies, it is difficult to detect them due to their faint surface brightness. In order to investigate the structural properties of outskirts in nearby galaxies, we conduct deep and wide-field imaging survey with KMTNet. We present our observing strategy and an optimal data reduction process to recover faint extended features in the images of KMTNet. Using the imaging data of NGC 1291 obtained from KMTNet, we find that a peak-to-peak sky gradient can be reduced less than 0.4-0.6% of the original sky level in the entire image. We also find that we can reach the surface brightness of ${\mu}_{(B,1{\sigma})}$ ~ 29.5, ${\mu}_{(R,1{\sigma})}$ ~ 28.5 mag $arcsec^{-2}$ in one-dimensional profile, that is mainly limited by the uncertainty in the sky determination. It indicates that deep imaging data of KMTNet is suitable to study the extended faint features of nearby galaxies, such as stellar halos, outer disks, and dwarf companions.