• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2012

Background The bone graft for the alveolar cleft has been accepted as one of the essential treatments for cleft lip patients. Precise preoperative measurement of the architecture and size of the bone defect in alveolar cleft has been considered helpful for increasing the success rate of bone grafting because those features may vary with the cleft type. Recently, some studies have reported on the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) assessment of alveolar bone defect; however, no study on the possible implication of the cleft type on the difference between the presumed and actual value has been conducted yet. We aimed to evaluate the clinical predictability of such measurement using 3D CT assessment according to the cleft type. Methods The study consisted of 47 pediatric patients. The subjects were divided according to the cleft type. CT was performed before the graft operation and assessed using image analysis software. The statistical significance of the difference between the preoperative estimation and intraoperative measurement was analyzed. Results The difference between the preoperative and intraoperative values were $-0.1{\pm}0.3cm^3$ (P=0.084). There was no significant intergroup difference, but the groups with a cleft palate showed a significant difference of $-0.2{\pm}0.3cm^3$ (P<0.05). Conclusions Assessment of the alveolar cleft volume using 3D CT scan data and image analysis software can help in selecting the optimal graft procedure and extracting the correct volume of cancellous bone for grafting. Considering the cleft type, it would be helpful to extract an additional volume of $0.2cm^3$ in the presence of a cleft palate.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

Purpose : To investigate the applicability of the new three-dimensional overlapped reconstruction MR angiography (3-D ORMRA) technique in patients with hemifacial spasm and to compare the new 3-D reconstruction images with conventional MRA source images. Materials and Methods : The study group comprised 27 patients with surgically proven hemifacial spasm. In all patients, conventional MRA source images and 3-D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) images were obtained prospectively. After 3-D MR angiographic images were obtained, the 3-D MRA and FIESTA images were overlapped at the workstation by using GE A/W 4.2 add/sub software. We analyzed the relationship between the offending vessels and root exit zone of the facial nerve using both 3-D ORMRA images and conventional MRA source images. Results : In 25 of 27 patients, the offending vessel at the REZ of the facial nerve could be correctly identified on conventional MRA source images. In all patients, the presumed offending vessels depicted by the overlapped 3-D reconstruction MRA image corresponded well with the intraoperative findings. The 3-D reconstruction image showed more clear visualization of the spatial relationship between the offending vessels and the root exit zone of the facial nerve. Conclusion : The overlapped 3-D reconstruction MR angiography technique is very useful and informative in patients with hemifacial spasm, as compared with conventional MRA angiography technique.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.573-580
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• 2009

This paper presents the mix composition, production method, and curing condition applied to the extruded ECC(Engineered Cementitious Composite) panel which are able to exhibit multiple cracking and potential pseudo strain-hardening behavior. In addition to the production technique of extruded ECC panel, the effect of fiber distribution characteristics, which are uniquely created by applying extrusion process, on the flexural behavior of the panel is also focussed. In order to demonstrate fiber distribution, a series of experiments and analyses, including image processing/analysis and micro-mechanical analysis, was performed. The optimum mix composition of extruded ECC panel was determined in terms of water matrix ratio, the amount of cement, ECC powder, and silica powder. It was found that flexural behavior of extruded ECC panel was highly affected by the slight difference in mix composition of ECC panel. This is mainly because the difference in mix composition results in the change of micro-mechanical properties as well as fiber distribution characteristics, represented by fiber dispersion and orientation. In terms of the average fiber orientation, the fiber distribution was found to be similar to the assumption of two dimensional random distribution, irrespective of mix composition. In contrast, the probability density function for fiber orientation was measured to be quite different depending on the mix composition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Soybean is very useful crop to supply vegetable protein for human. Supply of soybean is increased because it has useful ingredient. Recently, cultivation of soybean in paddy field is increasing due to the increase of rice stockpile in Korea. Hence, in this study, expression of protein was identified regarding different environment for cultivation to investigate the effect of different environment on protein expression. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed to investigate the expression of protein using image analysis program to measure degree of protein expression in numerical value. Hannam-kong, Beakcheon-Kong, Hwangkeum-Kong, and Danwon-Kong were used as plant material. 2-DE combined with image analysis revealed that each degree of protein expression of Hannam-Kong and Hwangkeum-Kong in upland field was higher than degree of protein expression in paddy field. However, in case of Beackcheon-Kong, the phenomenon was opposite. In Danwon-kong, the degree of protein expression was not different between up-land field and paddy field. To this end, major protein spots were not different between paddy field and upland field among all cultivars. It could be suggested that protein expression is not severely different by various environment, but different environment affects degree of protein expression.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

The SASW (Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves) method, which evaluates the stiffness structure of the subsurface and structures nonintrusively and nondestructively, has been successfully used in the civil engineering applications. However, the SASW method assumes that the subsurface or structures consist of horizontal multi-layers, so that the method has some difficulty in continuously evaluating the integrity of a tunnel lining and a pavement system. This difficulty prevents the SASW method from being used to generate a tomographic image of stiffness for the subsurface or structures. Recently, the GPR technique which has the advantage of continuously evaluating integrity of the subsurface and structures has been popular. This advantage of GPR technique initiated the efforts to make the SASW method, which is superior to GPR and other nondestructive testing methods due to its capability of evaluating stiffness and modulus, be able to do continuous evaluation of stiffness structure, and the efforts finally lead to the development of \ulcornerTomographic SASW Technique.\ulcorner Tomographic SASW technique is a variation of the SASW method, and can generate a tomographic image of stiffness structure along the measurement line. The tomographic SASW technique was applied to the investigation of lateral variability of a sand box placed by the raining method for the purpose of verifying its effectiveness. Tomographic SASW measurements on the sand box revealed that the investigated sand box has different shear stiffness along the measurement line, which gave a clue of how to make a better raining device.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

In this paper, we has proposed an automatic vehicle monitoring system based on computer vision technology. The real-time display system has displayed a system that can be performed in automatic monitoring and control while meeting the essential requirements of ITS. Another advantage has that for a powerful vehicle tracking, the main obstacle handing system, which has the shadow tracking of moving objects. In order to obtain all kinds of information from the tracked vehicle image, the vehicle must be clearly displayed on the surveillance screen. Over time, it's necessary to precisely control the vehicle, and a three-dimensional model-based approach has been also necessary. In general, each type of vehicle has represented by the skeleton of the object or wire frame model, and the trajectory of the vehicle can be measured with high precision in a 3D-based manner even if the system has not running in real time. In this paper, we has applied on segmentation method to vehicle, background, and shadow. The validity of the low level vehicle control tracker was also detected through speed tracking of the speeding car. In conclusion, we intended to improve the improved tracking method in the tracking control system and to develop the highway monitoring and control system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2020

This study takes the Gyeongju Historic Areas Daereungwon Area as the research object, uses the Virtual Walkthrough method for virtual experience and evaluation, the visual characteristics were analyzed. To analyze landscape visual characteristics and to find out the relationship between image factors and visual preferences, the factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results are as follows: the results of preference analysis of the Daereungwon Area show that the preference of scene3 where located on the western boundary of Noseo-rl tumuli got the highest score, and the preference score of scene5 where located on the western boundary of Daereungwon less than three points. The results of factor analysis of visual characteristics, three factors were analyzed: regularity factor, spatiality factor and historical factor. The analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis results of the relationship between factor scores and visual preferences show that regularity factor was analyzed as the biggest factor that affects the visual preference of the Historical-cultural landscape Daereungwon Area. Virtual Walkthrough method has a strong three-dimensional and strong production of the real landscape scene, it's an effective method in landscape analysis. The results of research provides data and information for improving the visual quality of Historical-cultural landscape and it's expected to be applied in the future of landscape planning.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2011

Caries remains prevalent throughout modern society and is the main disease in the field of dentistry. Although studies of this disease have used diverse methodology, recently, X-ray microtomography has gained popularity as a non-destructive, 3-dimensional (3D) analytical technique, and has several advantages over the conventional methods. According to X-ray source, it is classified as monochromatic or polychromatic with the latter being more widely used due to the high cost of the monochromatic source despite some advantages. The determination of mineral density profiles based on changes in X-ray attenuation is the principle of this method and calibration and image processing procedures are needed for the better image and reproducible measurements. Using this tool, 3D reconstruction is also possible and it enables to visualize the internal structures of dental caries. With the advances in the computer technology, more diverse applications are being studied, such automated caries assessment algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.4_1
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

The accurate geo-referencing processes that apply ground control points is prerequisite for effective end use of HRSI (High-resolution satellite imagery). Since the conventional control point acquisition by human operator takes long time, demands for the automated matching to existing reference data has been increasing its popularity. Among many options of reference data, the airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data shows high potential due to its high spatial resolution and vertical accuracy. Additionally, it is in the form of 3-dimensional point cloud free from the relief displacement. Recently, a new matching method between LiDAR data and HRSI was proposed that is based on the image projection of whole LiDAR data into HRSI domain, however, importing and processing the large amount of LiDAR data considered as time-consuming. Therefore, we wmotivated to ere propose a local LiDAR chip generation for the HRSI geo-referencing. In the procedure, a LiDAR point cloud was rasterized into an ortho image with the digital elevation model. After then, we selected local areas, which of containing meaningful amount of edge information to create LiDAR chips of small data size. We tested the LiDAR chips for fully-automated geo-referencing with Kompsat-2 and Kompsat-3 data. Finally, the experimental results showed one-pixel level of mean accuracy.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2019

Recently, thank to the popularization of light-weight drone through the significant developments in computer technologies as well as the advanced automated procedures in photogrammetry, Unmanned Aircraft Systems have led to a growing interest in industry as a whole. Documentation, maintenance, and restoration projects of large scaled cultural property would required accurate 3D phenomenon modeling and efficient visual inspection methods. The object of this study verify on the accuracies achieved of 3D phenomenon reconstruction as well as on the validity of the preservation, maintenance and restoration of large scaled cultural property by UAS photogrammetry. The test object is cltural heritage(treasure 1324) that is the rock-carved standing Bodhisattva in Soraesan Mountain, Siheung, documented in Goryeo Period(918-1392). This standing Bodhisattva has of particular interests since it's size is largest stone Buddha carved in a rock wall and is wearing a lotus shaped crown that is decorated with arabesque patterns. The positioning accuracy of UAS photogrammetry were compared with non-target total station survey results on the check points after creating 3D phenomenal models in real world coordinates system from photos, and also the quantified informations documented by Culture Heritage Administration were compared with UAS on the bodhisattva image of thin lines. Especially, tests the validity of UAS photogrammetry as a alternative method of visual inspection methods. In particular, we examined the effectiveness of the two techniques as well as the relative fluctuation of rock surface for about 2 years through superposition analysis of 3D points cloud models produced by both UAS image analysis and ground laser scanning techniques. Comparison studies and experimental results prove the accuracy and efficient of UAS photogrammetry in 3D phenomenon modeling, maintenance and restoration for various large-sized Cultural Heritage.