• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.210-219
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• 2015

This paper describes a new quantitative process for evaluating the roughness of discontinuity, which is suggested as a qualitative criteria in RMR or Q-system. For this purpose, the Delphi method which is one of the surveying methods was introduced. The selected panels were asked to evaluate the roughness of discontinuities on the Web which was hosted by authors in advance. A total of 3 surveys were performed using JRCs suggested by Barton and Choubey as well as Ai generated by the Monte Carlo simulations. After each survey, the results were provided to all panels for comparing their decisions to others. As surveys proceeded, better consensus and convergence were achieved. With a good agreement of panels on roughness classification, the quantitative criteria for roughness of discontinuity in RMR and Q-system was established in this study.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-113
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• 2017

The advent of information communication technology or the Fourth Industrial Revolution facilitated the fusion of equipment and management systems, such as Manufacturing Execution System, Enterprise Resource Planning, and Product Lifecycle Management, in the successful implementation of smart factories. The government supports the early adoption of these systems in small and medium companies to enhance their global competitiveness in producing products that can be recognized in a dramatically changing manufacturing environment. This study introduces smart factories to improve company competitiveness and address influences from the government assistance, CEO leadership, external consultancy, and organizational participation. We analyzed 101 results received from the questionnaires circulated to small- and medium-sized manufacturing companies. Given a successful smart factory implementation, company competitiveness is the factor that mostly influences organizational participation, government assistance, external consultancy, and CEO leadership. This study suggests several perspectives to implement a smart factory, which is the most important aspect of company competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

As a tiered system of supports, School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is an evidence-based practice in the educational system of Korea. An important aspect of SWPBS is the ongoing progress monitoring and evaluation of implementation fidelity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC). The preliminary KT3-FC consisted of a 37-item, 6-factor checklist. In the first phase of the study, 10 experts reported that the range of content validity of the KT3-FC was adequate. In the second phase of the study, 185 teachers (52 men and 133 women) who implemented SWPBS completed the KT3-FC, Individualized Supports Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and PBS Effectiveness Scale. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor structure, with 20 items, instead of 37 items, consisting of: (a) progress monitoring and evaluation of the individualized supports, (b) provision of supports by aligning and integrating mental health and SWPBS, (c) crisis management planning, (d) problem behavior assessment, and (e) establishment of individualized support team. The internal consistency of the KT3-FC was good (full scale α = .950, sub-factor α = .888 ~ .954). In addition, the KT3-FC showed good convergent validity, having statistically significant correlations with the Individualized Support Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and the PBS Effectiveness Scale. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model of the KT3-FC had some good model fits, indicating that the newly developed fidelity measure could be a reliable and valid tool to assess the implementation of Tier 3 supports in Korean schools. Accordingly, the KT3-FC could contribute to implement SWPBS as an evidence-based behavioral intervention for Korean students.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

In this scholarly investigation, the focus is placed on the transformative potential of edge computing in enhancing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for the facilitation of autonomous driving. The intrinsic capability of edge computing to process voluminous datasets locally and in a real-time manner is identified as paramount in meeting the exigent requirements of autonomous vehicles, encompassing expedited decision-making processes and the bolstering of safety protocols. This inquiry delves into the synergy between edge computing and extant ITS infrastructures, elucidating the manner in which localized data processing can substantially diminish latency, thereby augmenting the responsiveness of autonomous vehicles. Further, the study scrutinizes the deployment of edge servers, an array of sensors, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, positing these elements as constituents of a robust framework designed to support instantaneous traffic management, collision avoidance mechanisms, and the dynamic optimization of vehicular routes. Moreover, this research addresses the principal challenges encountered in the incorporation of edge computing within ITS, including issues related to security, the integration of data, and the scalability of systems. It proffers insights into viable solutions and delineates directions for future scholarly inquiry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2009

최근 기상이변에 따른 국지성 호우 등으로 인하여 지역별로 홍수량 차이가 많이 나고 있는 상황으로 유역내 중요시설물 및 인명의 보호를 위해서는 유역의 특성을 정확하게 반영한 홍수분석이 필수적인 실정이다. 유역 주요지점의 정확한 홍수량을 산정하기 위해서는 지역특성이 반영된 호우를 선정하고, 유출모의를 위한 유역특성이 잘 구현되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 홍수량산정에 영향을 주는 매개변수의 정확한 산정이 필요하며 본 연구에서는 미공병단(US Army Corps)에서 개발하여 배포한 차세대 프로그램인 HEC-HMS(v3.3)를 이용하여 집중시간, 저류상수, Curved Number, 감수상수, 초기손실, 초기기저유량, Threshold 등 7가지 매개변수에 대한 최적화를 수행하였다. 종래에는 첨두홍수량을 중시하여 집중시간과 저류상수는 최적화하고 나머지 변수들은 실측치 및 계산값을 적용하였으나, 금번 연구에서는 첨두홍수량 및 총유출량 모두 관측값에 최대한 일치하도록 7가지 매개변수를 최적화하는 방안 및 최적화시 초기값 선정이 매개변수 최적화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 매개변수 최적화 순서는 먼저 전체적인 평균유출량 또는 평균유출고가 실측치와 모의치 간에 일치하도록 CN, RC를 보정하고 다음 단계로 첨두발생시간이 일치하도록 Tc, K를 보정하고, 마지막으로 홍수 수문곡선의 형태를 결정하는 나머지 매개변수를 조정하여 전체적인 수문곡선의 형태와 첨두홍수량이 일치하도록 수행하였으며, Tc, K, CN 등의 중요 매개변수는 신뢰구간(계산치의 0.8${\sim}$1.2)을 설정하여 목적함수의 수렴을 유도하였다. 위를 이용하여 수렴된 매개변수들로 강우-유출 모의를 분석한 결과를 기존 홍수사상과 비교한 결과 상당히 근접한 결과를 도출할 수 있어, 매개변수는 7가지 모두에 대한 최적화를 가능한 것으로 연구되었으나 목적함수들의 수렴되는 과정에 대해서는 좀 더 심도있는 고찰이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.454-466
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the experience of youth activities during high school years on the leadership life skills of college students and to identify the mediating effects of self-esteem and happiness. For the purposes, we investigated the youth activities during high school years of college students had experienced. We also measured self-esteem, happiness, and leadership life skills of the students. We surveyed 260 students and analyzed the data of 234 students. The results are as follows. First, there was a significant positive association between the experience of youth activities and leadership life skills. Second, self-esteem and happiness showed a partial mediating effects on the relationship between the youth activity and leadership life skill. Based on the results, this study suggested policy and practical implications to help youths develop competency needed for adulthood through participating youth activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.407-407
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• 2021

토양수분량은 그 양은 작지만 다양한 수문현상에 관여하는 주요한 수문인자 중 하나이다. 특히, 강우, 유출, 홍수 및 가뭄 등과 직접적인 연관이 있어 국내에서도 그 중요성이 점차 강조되고 있다. 일찍이 해외에서는 토양수분량 위성자료나 관측기기의 검증 및 교정을 위해 다수의 지상 관측소를 운영해왔으며, ISMN(International Soil Moisture Network)과 같은 기관을 통해 자료의 취합 및 품질관리, 배포 등도 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 최근 국내에서도 최신 관측기기의 도입이나 수자원위성의 개발 등 토양수분량에 관한 연구가 점차 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 위성자료와 관측기기의 검증 및 교정을 위한 지상관측소도 점차 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 하지만, 국내 지상관측소는 현재 다양한 기관과 단체에 의해 운영되고 있으며, 품질관리 기준이 통일되어 있지 않아 자료의 접근 및 활용 측면에서 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 한국수자원조사기술원은 국내 환경에 맞는 품질관리 기준을 제시하고, 자료의 접근성 및 활용성 개선의 토대를 마련하고자 품질관리 시스템을 개발하고 있다. 본 연구는 정량화된 품질관리 기준을 바탕으로 spike를 판별하는 알고리즘에 대한 성능평가를 다루고 있으며, 청미천 토양수분량 관측소 2020년 자료에 임의의 튀는 값(spike)을 추가하고, 해당 이상치의 검출여부를 확인하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 각각의 지점자료에서 강우사상 중 하강부, 무강우기간 중 하강부를 1개씩 선정하고, 해당 구간에 positive spike를 추가한 case와 negative spike를 추가한 case를 생성해 강우조건 및 spike 유형에 따른 검출성능 차이를 평가했다. 평가 결과, 강우기간 검출률 84.3%, 무강우기간 검출률 96.3%로 강우조건에 따른 성능차이가 명확하게 나타났으며, positive spike는 91.7%, negative spike는 88.9%로 spike 유형에 따른 검출성능차이는 미미했다. 강우조건과 spike 유형을 동시에 고려했을 때는 무강우기간의 positive spike가 98.2%로 가장 높은 검출률을 보인 반면에 강우기간의 negative spike는 83.3%로 가장 낮은 검출률을 보였다. 알고리즘이 검사시간대를 중심으로 24시간 동안의 토양수분량 변화를 감지하기 때문에 강우기간에 검출성능이 저하되는 것으로 판단되며, 이를 개선하기 위해선 강우사상에 따른 유동적인 window size 조절 알고리즘의 추가가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

In a distribution of digital image, there is a serious problem that is a distribution of the altered image by a forger. For the problem solution, this paper proposes a median filtering (MF) image forensic decision algorithm using a feature vector according to the pixel value's gradients. In the proposed algorithm, AR (Autoregressive) coefficients are computed from pixel value' gradients of original image then 1th~6th order coefficients to be six feature vector. And the reconstructed image is produced by the solution of Poisson's equation with the gradients. From the difference image between original and its reconstructed image, four feature vector (Average value, Max. value and the coordinate i,j of Max. value) is extracted. Subsequently, Two kinds of the feature vector combined to 10 Dim. feature vector that is used in the learning of a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification for MF (Median Filtering) detector of the altered image. On the proposed algorithm of the median filtering detection, compare to MFR (Median Filter Residual) scheme that had the same 10 Dim. feature vectors, the performance is excellent at Unaltered, Averaging filtering ($3{\times}3$) and JPEG (QF=90) images, and less at Gaussian filtering ($3{\times}3$) image. However, in the measured performances of all items, AUC (Area Under Curve) by the sensitivity and 1-specificity is approached to 1. Thus, it is confirmed that the grade evaluation of the proposed algorithm is 'Excellent (A)'.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.241-263
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• 2010

KoFlux is a Korean network of micrometeorological tower sites that use eddy covariance methods to monitor the cycles of energy, water, and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the key terrestrial ecosystems in Korea. KoFlux embraces the mission of AsiaFlux, i.e. to bring Asia's key ecosystems under observation to ensure quality and sustainability of life on earth. The main purposes of KoFlux are to provide (1) an infrastructure to monitor, compile, archive and distribute data for the science community and (2) a forum and short courses for the application and distribution of knowledge and data between scientists including practitioners. The KoFlux community pursues the vision of AsiaFlux, i.e., "thinking community, learning frontiers" by creating information and knowledge of ecosystem science on carbon, water and energy exchanges in key terrestrial ecosystems in Asia, by promoting multidisciplinary cooperations and integration of scientific researches and practices, and by providing the local communities with sustainable ecosystem services. Currently, KoFlux has seven sites in key terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., five sites in Korea and two sites in the Arctic and Antarctic). KoFlux has systemized a standardized data processing based on scrutiny of the data observed from these ecosystems and synthesized the processed data for constructing database for further uses with open access. Through publications, workshops, and training courses on a regular basis, KoFlux has provided an agora for building networks, exchanging information among flux measurement and modelling experts, and educating scientists in flux measurement and data analysis. Despite such persistent initiatives, the collaborative networking is still limited within the KoFlux community. In order to break the walls between different disciplines and boost up partnership and ownership of the network, KoFlux will be housed in the National Center for Agro-Meteorology (NCAM) at Seoul National University in 2011 and provide several core services of NCAM. Such concerted efforts will facilitate the augmentation of the current monitoring network, the education of the next-generation scientists, and the provision of sustainable ecosystem services to our society.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2005

The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess work performance of dental hygienists and identify factors influencing their work performance. A questionnaire was administered to 87 dental hygienists working dental clinics based in Ulsan during the period from June 2005 through July 2005. A total of 77 questionnaires were collected and used for analysis. SPSS 11.5 program was employed for statistical analysis. All data were expressed in terms of numbers, percentage and mean score. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. There was a significantly positive correlation between age and the level of work performance in the Scientific competency group and Esthetical competency group. 2. Unmarried dental hygienists demonstrated better work performance than married dental hygienists in Scientific, Esthetical and Personal competency groups, showing a statistically significant difference. 3. By education level, those with junior college degree had better work performance than those who are attending or graduated from college in the four groups. By workplace, those who were working at non-general hospitals demonstrated a higher level of performance in the three groups except the Ethical group, but the difference was not statistically significant. 4. A significantly positive relationship was observed between monthly pay and work performance in the Scientific, Personal and Esthetical competency groups. 5. A positive relationship was observed between work experience and performance in the Scientific competency group. But there was no difference between work experience and performance in the other three groups. 6. By working environment, those who were working with assistant nurses showed a higher level of performance than those working without assistant nurses in the Scientific competency group, and the difference was statistically significant.