• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1098-1103
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• 2003

Soybeans released proteins when immersed in water at $50{\sim}60^{\sim}C$. We investigated the changes in the characteristics of soybean when soaked in water at different temperatures and studied the electrophoretic properties of soy proteins in recommended Korean soybean varieties after heat treatment. Soybean seeds were heated in soaking water at temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, $70^{\circ}C$ for 90 min, and also from 10 to 150min at $60^{\circ}C$. The pH value of the water decreased with heating time at $60^{\circ}C$, and the amount of soluble solids increased with temperature and heating time. The protein concentration of the solution increased with temperature and time. From SDS-PAGE of the proteins in soaking water, we detected two new bands of 16 kDa- and 31 kDa-proteins from the Korean soybean varieties on heat treatment.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

In accordance with the implementation of the sunset provision to cancel the designations of urban park sites that remained unexecuted for a prolonged period until 2020, the park sites in the city center, which account for 90% of the long-term unexecuted urban facilities subjected to the provision, are currently on the verge of development. The total area of the 204 park sites that will disappear in Seoul as a result of this provision is 95 ㎢; moreover, 116 of these are privately-owned. It is expected that the possible changes in the use of these park sites could result in reckless development and reduction of green space, which would ultimately affect the ecosystem. This study applied the InVEST model to calculate the changes in the fixed carbon amount before and after the implementation of the sunset provision to estimate the economic value of these changes. The study focused on Jongno-gu in Seoul because it has the most unexecuted park sites subjected to the lifting of the designation. The research findings show that the fixed carbon amount provided by the unexecuted park sites in Jongno-gu was 374,448 mg, prior to the implementation of the sunset provision; however, the amount was estimated to decrease by 18% to 305,564 mg after its execution. When calculated in terms of average value of the real carbon price, this translated into a loss of approximately 700 million won. In addition, considering the social costs including both climate change and the impact on the ecosystem, an economic loss of approximately 98 billion won was projected. This study is meaningful because its predictions are based on the estimation of fixed carbon amount according to the implementation of the sunset provision in Jongno-gu and scientifically calculates the value of ecological services provided by the parks in the city. This study can serve not only as a basis during the decision-making process for policies related to ecosystem conservation and development, but also as an evidentiary material for the compensation of privately-owned land that is designated as urban park sites and was unexecuted for a prolonged period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1976

This experiment was studies for grassland establishment on west coastal saline land in Korea from May 1975 to March 1976 and used seeds were introduced from Australia. The results of adaptability were summarized as follow. 1. The seeds germination percentage was not influence in 0.5% salt included, but delayed days in 1% salt included and decreased germination percentage. 2. Any experimental grasses species were not growth on the 0.5% salt included soil and also growth was much damaged on the 0.05% salt included soil. It was suggested that $Mg^+$, $K^+$ ions involved with $Na^+$ ion. 3. The yield of grasses were much decreased on 0.05% salt included soil which compared control group. The yield rate of decrease were 30% in kikuyu, 60% in strawberry clover, 63% in reed canarry and 89% in orchard grass. 4. For winter-hardness test, nearly all the species well overwintered but except kikyu. 5. One of salt tolerance native grass (Agrostis distans crieseb var coreensis, Hackel) was discovered in saline area, and it was growth from middle of May to Middle of September. Also it was known that the native grass was good feed stuff but it was not so long in growth life. 6. It was concluded that more experimental work must be carried out to select of salt tolerance grass for grassland establishment on saline by introduce some more species such like saltgrass, saltbush, shadsclae from foreign land.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 1996

In order to investigate the composition and the actual status of extractive nitrogenous compounds in saeujeot, a salted and fermented seawater shrimp(Acetes japonicus), the extract was analyzed separately into extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligpopeptides, nucleotides and related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds, using specimens collected at fish markets from July in 1994 November in 1995. The extractive nitrogen of saeujeot was ranging from 430 mg to 528 mg, and the total of free amino acids in it was ranging from 1,509 mg to 2,131 mg, The extract was rich in free amino acids especially in lysine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, glycine, histidine, and glutamine, However, the content of most free amino acids was fluctuated from collection to collection. The total of nucleotides and related compounds in the extract was ranging from $1.38\;{\mu}mol\;to\;7.41\;{\mu}mol$, and the rage of fluctuation was essential identical with those of the extractive nitrogen and free amino acids. Homarine, trigonelline, ${\beta}-alaninebetaine$, and glycinebetaine were found in the saeujeot extract. Among them, homarine was the most abundant, ranging from 97 mg to 224 mg, but trigonelline, ${\beta}-alaninebetaine$, and glycinebetaine were very low. TMAO and TMA in the saeujeot extract were $13{\sim}80\;mg\;and\;12{\sim}280\;mg$, respectively. A small amount of creatine (less than 6 mg) and creatinine (less than 1 mg) was detected in all samples.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.942-952
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to evaluate spontaneous and LPS stimulated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine release of alveolar macrophages in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals, as a control. Alveolar macrophages recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were cultured with or without LPS 0.1, 1, or 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ for 24 and 48 hours in 37C, 5% CO2. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and IL-8 amount were evaluated using ELISA kit from the supernatants. There were a significant increase in the spontaneous 24 hours release of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 from the involved segments of tuberculosis patients compared with uninvolved segments and normal control There were also increasing trends of release of them after LPS stimulation in involved segments, but not significant. IL-1$\beta$ and IL-8 were not evaluated from the involved segments of tubeculosis and there were not significant differences of them between uninvolved segments of tuberculosis and normal control. It is concluded that cytokine release of alveolar macrophages in the pulmonary tuberculosis was markedly increased, and it was localized to the alveolar macrophages from the involved segments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.799-810
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine effects of spent composts of Se-enriched mushrooms (Se-SMC) as the dietary selenium source on carcass characteristics, plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity and Se deposition in finishing Hanwoo steers. In combination with both Se-SMC and normal SMC, experimental treatment diets were formulated to contain 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ppm of Se on a dry matter basis. A total of 20 finishing Hanwoo steers (average BW = 613 kg, average age = 20 to 24 mo) were allotted to treatments in four groups of five steers per pen for 12 wk preceding slaughter. While the experiment is employed, blood samples were taken to analyze Se concentration and GSH-Px activity, and muscle and liver samples were collected for analyses of Se contents in their tissues after slaughter. DMl and BW gain were not affected by dietary Se level and any toxic symptoms in treatments with a higher level of Se were not observed. No differences were noted for carcass characteristics. Se concentration in whole blood and plasma GSH-Px activity were linearly increased with the increasing level of dietary Se (P < 0.01). Se content in the hind leg for Se-SMC supplemented groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) upon dietary Se level, with 0.27, 0.37, 0.40 and 0.46 !1g1g dry, respectively. However, Se content in the loin was not affected by dietary Se levels. Se content in the liver was significantly increased(P < 0.05) as dietary Se increased, with 0.79, 1.40, 2.39 and 3.10 !1g1g dry, respectively. These results suggested that Se in the Se-SMC was highly bioavailable, and Se-SMC might be used not only as an inexpensive way of providing Se for ruminants but also as another way of producing Se-fortified beef.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2003

With microtiter plate, the assay method was developed for detecting the fungicidal activity of new compounds against spore germination, spore adhesion and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. JC24 cal1Sing red pepper anthracnose. Also, the effects of some commercialized fungicides on fungal development like above mentioned were investigated by measuring the optical density of mycelia grown into wells of microtiter plate. For the standardization of assay method, some factors, such as the treatment of MTT and/or propanol, inodulum density and incubation period, affecting on mycelial optical density were investigated. For obtaining precise and consistent mycelial optical density, it was necessary the treatment of MTT for 12 hrs and propanol for 1 hr. inoculum density adjusted to $1\times10^5$ spores/mL and incubation period for 36 hrs at $25^{\circ}C$. For fungicidal activities, 6 protective fungicides, 6 ones inhibiting sterol biosynthesis, and one inhibiting respiration were used in this study. While mancozeb, chlorothalonil and dithianon among 6 protective fungicides inhibited strongly spore germination, adhesion, and mycelial growth at $6.25{\mu}g/mL$, propineb, iminoctadine and fluazinam inhibited intermediately spore germination and mycelial growth at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Washing above 3 fungicides with new PD broth, their activity against spore adhesion decreased. With hexaconazole, tebuconazole and myclobutanil, the tendency of the activity against fungal differentiation of the early infection stage was similar to the latter group of protective fungicides, showing the decrease of the inhibitory activity against spore adhesion by washing 2 hrs after incubation. However, kresoxim-methyl inhibited spore adhesion distinctly, depending on the applied concentrations. Based on these results, it might be able to assess the fungicidal activity of many compounds against spore germination, adhesion and mycelial growth by the use of microtiter plate in vitro. Using the assay developed in this report, it was possible to investigate the inhibitory activity of some commercialized fungicides, too.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the radiation protection effect of protaetia brevitarsis larvae extracts known as antioxidant food. In this study 90 female rats were clssified in to 5 groups: NC Group, PBE Group, IR Group, PBE+IR Group and IR+PBE Group. In IR Group, 7 Gy of Co-60 gamma ray was irradiated to SD rat and protaetia brevitarsis larvae extracts were administered orally at 200 mg/kg once a day for 14 days. And then on the 1 day, 7 days, 21 days later after irradiation, changes in blood cell component, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, spleen index, histopathological evaluation of the ovary and uterus were observed. As a result, the PBE+IR Group (p<0.01, p<0.05) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01, p<0.01) showed a significantly radiation protection than the IR Group in lymphocyte and red blood cell on the 21 days. It was also confirmed that SOD activity of PBE+IR Group (p<0.01) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01) was significantly increased than the IR Group. In spleen index, PBE+IR Group (p<0.05) and IR+PBE Group (p<0.01) showed a significantly recovery than the IR Group. In histopathological observation, PBE+IR Group in the ovary and PBE+IR, IR+PBE Group in the uterus showed less inflammatory reactions of cystoplasm than the IR Group. Based on These results, It is judged that protaetia brevitarsis larvae Extracts have radiation protection effect against blood and reproductive. It is expected to be useful for research of radiation protection agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the radioprotection effect of mixtures of selenium and arginine for development of radioprotection agents that can minimize radiation damage to police special operation unit in the event of radioactive terrorism. In this study 72 male rats were classified into 4 groups: normal group(NC Group), selenium and arginine mixtures administration group(SeAr Group), radiation exposure group(IR Group), and selenium and arginine mixture administration group followed by radiation exposure(SeAr+IR Group). The 7Gy of X-ray was irradiated to whole body of SD rats. And selenium and arginine were dministered orally at 3mg/kg and 150mg/kg once a day for 14 days. And then hematological and histological analyzes were performed on days 1, 7, and 21 after radiation exposure. In hemotological analysis, significant radioprotection wes observed in lymphocytes(p<0.05) on day 1, platelet(p<0.01) on day 7, red blood cell(p<0.01) on day 21 of radiation exposure in SeAr+IR group compared to IR group. In histological analysis, it was observed that the border of small crypt cells in the small intestine was less collapsed and the length of small crypts was relatively recovered on day 7 and showed that the number of cells and cell wall thickness were better in the prostate on day 21 in SeAr+IR group compared to IR group. Therefore, it is judged that selenium and arginine mixtures have radioprotection effect on blood and tissues due to radiation exposure. it will be helpful for research on radioprotection agents to reduce radiation damage to police special operation unit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 1998

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting without using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a recently accepted modality of myocardial revascularization prcedures which is particularly suitable to the patients with lesions in the left anterior descending(LAD) and the right coronary arteries. Of the consecutive 35 patients of coronary artery bypass grafting performed at Sejong General Hospital from March to August 1996, six patients underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting without CPB. All had stenotic lesions of the LAD more than 90%. Bypass grafting of the LAD was approached through midline sternotomy in one, through ministernotomy in two, and through limited left anterior thoracotomy in three patients, respectively. The internal mammary arteries were prepared without the use of thoracoscope. The mobilized mammary arteries were connected directly to the LAD in 5 patients, and the anastomosis required interposition of a segment of the radial artery in the remaining one. The diagonal branch was revascularized with the saphenous vein graft at the same time in one patient. No blood transfusion was necessary in 2 patients, and average blood required during surgery was 800ml in 4 patients. All patients were extubated from 4 to 14 hours(mean 9 hours) after operation. Early postoperative coronary angiography in 5 patients between 7 and 10 days after surgery has proved full patency of the grafts. With these limited clinical experiences, the clinical results demonstrated that minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting without CPB is an useful procedure especially in patients with isolated lesion in the proximal LAD.