• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

This study was made to investigate the difference of the shiitake productivity according to the use of sawdust, plug-shaped and liquid spawn. Contamination of medium was confirmed by eye. There was no contamination in the liquid spawn treatment. And, contamination rates in the sawdust spawn and plug-shaped spawn were 6.7%, respectively. Productivity of fruit-bodies was 725.1 g from sawdust spawn, 726.2 g from plug-shaped spawn and 573.9 g from liquid spawn until 3rd flushing of fruit-bodies. The number of fruit-bodies was 57.4 per medium of sawdust spawn, 64.3 plug-shaped spawn and 45.1 liquid spawn. At yield per medium, the percentage of media producing over 1,000 g was 13% in plug-shaped spawn and 7% in liquid spawn. However, there was no medium producing over 1,000 g of fruit-bodies in sawdust spawn. Fruit-bodies of $600{\sim}900g$ were yielded from 79% of sawdust spawn treatment, 53% plug-shaped spawn and 33% liquid spawn treatment. When compared the productivity of fruit-bodies, liquid spawn treatment appeared lower than sawdust spawn and plug-shaped spawn treatment at 1st flushing, but appeared higher than the others at 2nd and 3rd flushing.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2008

This study was carried out to determinate the location and the number of air inlet and outlet, optimum air inlet velocity for effective ventilation in windowless weaning piglet house($2.90(W){\times}9.90(L){\times}2.80(H)$ m) by CFD(Computation Fluid Dynamics) simulation. The weaning piglet house for this experiment was consisted of 11 air inlets and 9 outlets, modified and simulated using CFD code, FLUENT. The simulation result for the original weaning piglet house, which was not modified, showed ununiform ventilation for each room. Therefore, for uniform ventilation, 4 air inlets and 1 outlet were completely closed, and 2 air outlets were partially closed. The simulation result for the modified weaning piglet house showed uniform ventilation for each room and the optimum air inlet velocity of 0.5 $m\;sec^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.481-489
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• 1994

Volatile flavor compounds in low salt-fermented anchovy pastes by adding koji(Koji), compared with Control, were analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation -solvent extraction /gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds (106) were detected inboth samples during fermentation. Among these, 79 compounds were positively identified and were composed mainly of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and furans. Aldehydes and esters were found higher amounts that other compounds in both samples. Alkylpyrazine, such as 2, 6-dimethylpyrzine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazie, 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine, and also 2-phenylethanol were identified only in Koji.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mugwort powder supplementation on the fattening performance and carcass characteristics during a 14 month period (from 14 months to 27 months after birth) in 32 heads of fattening Hanwoo. Fattening Hanwoos were randomly assigned 4 treatments (8 heads/treatment): C-1 [(control (0%) with Hanwoo steers)], C-2 [(control (0%) with Hanwoo heifers)], T-1 (supplementation with 2.0% mugwort powder with Hanwoo steers) and T-2(supplementation with 2.0% mugwort powder with Hanwoo heifers). The final body weights for C-1, C-2, T-1 and T-2 at 27 months were 648.6kg, 623.1kg, 663.3kg and 620.7kg, respectively. The total gain and the daily gain were highest in the T-1 group (342.4 kg, 0.88 kg). Hanwoo steers were not significantly different from Hanwoo heifers. The feed intake for the C-1, C-2, T-1 and T-2 groups were 9.35 kg, 9.09 kg, 10.08 kg and 9.69 kg, with the T-1 value being highest. The feed conversion ratios were as follows: C-1 (11.28) > T-1 (11.48) > C-2 (11.52) > T-2 (12.57). The concentrations of total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, glucose and BUN in blood serum during the fattening period were higher after than before the experiment The total cholesterol, GOT and glucose after completion of the experiment were higher in the treatment groups than the control groups (p<0.05). The carcass body weight was higher in the treatment groups than the control groups. The back fat thickness was lower in the treatment groups (12.75-14.75mm) than the control groups (15.76-16.00mm), and the longissimus muscle area was higher in the treatment groups $(84.25-87.88cm^2)$ than the control groups $(84.00-85.25cm^2)$ with the highest over-all values in the T-1 group (p<0.05). The yield grade and quality grade point were higher in the treatment groups (2.02-2.50, 2.85-3.05 point, respectively) than the control groups (1.80, 2.55-2.80 point, respectively). In conclusion, the effects of feeding dietary mugwort powder to Hanwoo steers improved the ADG, carcass body weight, longissimus muscle area and quality grade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.99-105
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• 1998

육각형구조에서 중성자 확산방정식의 해를 구하기 위해 육각형을 3개의 사각형으로 분할하여 노달해를 구하는 방법을 개발하였다. 이 방법은 기존의 사각형 노달기법의 기본적인 틀을 그대로 이용할 수 있기 때문에 육각형을 직접 푸는 방법에 비해 간단하며, 향후 노드의 세분화 및 다군 확산방정식에 적용하기 쉬운 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 사각형분할에 의한 육각형 노달해를 구하는 방법을 2차원 IAEA 벤치마크 계산을 통해 검증해 본 결과, 정확성이 잘 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of mulching materials on root growth characteristics and weed occurrence of Platycodon grandiflorum transplants (3 years old) in organic farming. After transplanting, roots were mulched with one of three mulching materials (biodegradable film, sawdust, or rice husks) or a control (no mulching). The average root diameter of all mulching groups was 28.1 mm, which was 5.1 mm thicker than the no-mulching treatment. Roots with the biodegradable film treatment were the thickest at 30.9 mm. Root length was the shortest, 22.0 cm, with rice husk mulching. The number of rootlets was the highest with film mulching (36.0 rootlets/root) and the lowest with no mulching. For root fresh weight, which directly affects yield, the average of treated and untreated roots was 100 and 56 g/root, respectively. The highest fresh weight was in the biodegradable film plot (130 g/root). The mulching treatment groups showed a weed inhibition effect compared with the no-mulching treatment. The dominant weeds with the no-mulching treatment were Setaria viridis and Digitaria ciliaris, and that with the mulching treatment was Setaria viridis. Average annual weed occurrence across all treatments was 72%. Weed occurrence was the highest with the no-mulching treatment ($125weeds/m^2$), and there were no weeds with the biodegradable film treatment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 2020

In this study, to grasp the current status of cone insects occurrence on Korean fir (Abies koreana) in Mt. Halla, 117 cones damaged by cone insects in three areas in Mt. Halla were collected and placed in growth chamber until adults emerged from the cones from August to October on 2019. And species and numbers of adults emerged from the cones were identified. Also proportion of cones damaged by cone insects was examined at four study plots in Mt. Halla. As a result, total 233, 101, and 4 adults of Dioryctria abietella (Denis & Schiffermüller), Cydia kamijoi Oku, and Scathophaga stercoraria (L.) were identified from 117 collected cones, respectively. The average number of emerged adults per cone was 1.99 for D. abietella and 0.86 for C. kamijoi. And the average damage rate of cone insects in four study plots of Mt. Halla ranged from 49.7-80.1 percent, with differences between regions. Also, our results show that positive correlation between the damage rate per tree and the number of cones per tree, and between number of emerged cone insects and the size of cones were found. It suggests that the cone insects prefer host trees with lots of cones per tree and with larger size of cones.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary herbal extracts mixture on the growth rate. carcass traits and serological changes in finishing pigs. For the Exp 1, eighty Duroc(Yorkshir(Landrace pigs(81.58$\pm$3.20kg average initial body weight) were used in a 45 day experiment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC(negative control; antibiotics-free diet), 2) PC(positive control; NC diet added 0.1% of chlortetracycline), 3) NCM(NC diet added 0.1% of herbal plant mixture) and 4) PCM(PC diet added 0.1% of herbal plant mixture). Through the entire experimental period, ADG of pigs fed NCM and PCM diets was greater(P<0.08) than that of pigs fed NC diet. There was interaction of ADG(P<0.01) in pigs fed NC diet with herbal plant mixture compared to pigs fed PC diet with herbal plant mixture. ADFI and G/F tended to increase in PC and NCM treatments. However, there were not significantly differences among the treatments. Total protein of serum was improved by supplementation of the herbal plant mixture in NC diet(P<0.04). For the Exp 2. one hundred Duroc(Yorkshir(Landrace pigs(77.36$\pm$2.01kg average initial body weight) were used in a 28 day experiment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC(negative control; antibiotics-free diet), 2) PC(positive control; NC diet added 0.1% of chlortetracycline), 3) PM0.1(NC diet added 0.1% of herbal plant mixture) and 4) PM0.2(NC diet added 0.2% of herbal plant mixture). Through the entire experimental period, ADG tended to increase in PC treatment. However, there was not significantly difference among the treatments. Carcass weight in NC was higher than other treatments(P<0.06). Backfat thickness was higher in pigs fed PC than other treatments. However, there was not significantly difference among the treatments. A grade appearances of carcass tended to increase in pigs fed PM(P<0.09). In conclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that pigs fed PM could be a beneficial growth performance and serogical immunity for finishing pigs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1992

The surface ultrastructure of Heterephyes nocens (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), The adult worms were recovered from experimentally infected cats and from a naturally infected patient. They were leaf-like, ventrally concave, and ovoid or lyriform in shape. Ciliated knob-like sensory papillae (type I) were observed in single or grouped forms on and around the oral sucker, whereas non-ciliated round swellings (type II papillae) were seen on the lip of the ventral sucker, The tegumental spines around the oral sucker were 5∼9 pointed, whereas those between the two suckers were 12∼17 pointed. yentrolaterally, three groups of 5∼6 type I papillae were located between the oral and ventral suckers, with single ones alternating between them. The genital sucker was protruded or depressed, depending on the contraction state of the nukes, and the gonotyl spine number ranged 50∼60. The number of tip points of tegumental spines was decreased posteriorly; finally they became 1∼3 pointed. On the dorsal surface, 4 groups of 4∼5 type I papillae were symmetrically located on both lateral sides, and the shape and distribution of tegumental spines were similar to those of the ventral surface. Although the tegumental ultrastructure of H. nocens was generally similar to those of other heterophyids, the genital sucker morphology including the number of gonotyl spines and/or the distribution pattern of tegumental spines and sensory papillae were suggested to be the characteristic features of H. necens.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2019

A protocol for the in vitro propagation of Chamaecyparis obtusa was established in the present study. Multi-shoots were initiated from apical shoot explants from germinants after 10 weeks of culture on Litvay medium (LM) supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinin. The effects of pre-treatment with high concentrations of cytokinin and varying concentrations (0.2 to 5.0 mg/L) of zeatin on in vitro shoot elongation and shoot multiplication were investigated. Optimal shoot growth was achieved on LM medium, with over 10-mm shoots after 10 weeks of culture. In the anti-browning tests, ethanesulfonic acid triggered the least browning in the shoot tips. The highest multi-shoot induction was observed in the 0.5-mg/L zeatin treatments, which yielded 80% induction of shoots after 10 weeks of culture, and maximum shoot elongation was observed in the LM basal medium without the hormone. The highest rooting rates were 65% under 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid.