• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and their chemical structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), acetovanillone (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5), cynandione A (6), methyleugenol (7), daucosterol (8), Succinic acid (9), cynauriculoside A (10), wilfoside C3N (11), wilfoside C1N (12), wilfoside K1N (13) and wilfoside C1G (14). Among them, compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. And 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines with $IC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}M$.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Objectives : Cynanchum wilfordii(Asclepiadaceae) has been traditionally used as a tonic, the prevention and treatment of various geriatric diseases in Korea. Acetophenone derivatives from C. wilfordii showed neuroprotective activity. In this study, two acetophenones were isolated and quantitative determination of acetophenones from C. wilfordii has been developed for quality stand. Methods : Three acetophenone derivatives were isolated from methanol extract of C. willfordii by the chromatographic separation. Their structures were identified as cynandione A, 2,5-dihydroxy acetophenone and cynanchone A on the basis of spectral data(MS, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$) and chemical analysis. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the contents of cynandione A and 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone in C. wilfordii. Results : According to the results, the contents of cynandione A and 2,5- dihydroxyacetophenone were 0.274%, 0.035% by HPLC, respectively. Conclusions : In these results, we have determined the contents of cynandione A and 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone in Cynanchum wilfordii, respectively. We hope that this study will contribute to the standardization and quality control of herbal medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 1991

For the determination of peripheral COMT activity, we synthesized $[2-^{14}C]-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone([^{14}C]-DHAP)$, a model substrate closely related to catecholamines, which cannot be attacked by monoamine oxidase. After i.v.-injection of $[^{14}C]-DHAP$ in living animals, only 3',4'-dihydroxy-acetophenone (3',4'-DHAP) and 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone (3'-MHAP) were detected in blood by thin layer radio chromatography. It could be speculated that 3',4'-DHAP was primarily O-methylated by COMT, followed by subsequent conjugations. The concentration of 3',4'-DHAP, a substrate for COMT, in blood at 5 min after injection of $[^{14}C]-DHAP$, were similar in all animals. The rate of 3'-MHAP formation can be therefore used as an indicator for peripheral COMT activity. The velocity of methylation in 15 min after i.v.-administration of $[^{14}C]-DHAP$ was $0.28\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min$. From these results, 3',4'-DHAP was shown to be used as an appropriate substrate to determine the COMT activity in vivo.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2011

Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Scrophulariaceae) and their structures were identified as three triterpenoids [oleanolic acid (1), pomonic acid (2) and ursolic acid (5)], an iridoid, catalpol (13), four furan derivatives [5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde acetate (3), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (6), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (7), and 5-(${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (15)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [darendoside B (14), phenethyl alcohol 2-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl(1${\rightarrow}$6)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (17), and salidroside (19)], four sugar derivatives [L-arabinose (11), raffinose (20), stachyose (21), and mannitol (22)], and seven others [2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), succinic acid (8), daucosterol (9), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (10), adenosine (16), uridine (18) jio-cerebroside (12)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. This is the first report of the triterpenoids oleanolic acid (1), pomonic acid (2), and ursolic acid (5) from the genus Rehmannia, as well as the first report of compounds 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde acetate (3), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), daucosterol (9), darendoside B (14), 5-(${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (15), adenosine (16), phenethyl alcohol 2-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl(1${\rightarrow}$6)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (17), and salidroside (19) from the Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2018

산해박 뿌리 정유 추출물에 대한 장내 미생물 5종(Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, C. perfringens, E. coli 및 L. casei)의 항균활성 및 작은소피참진드기(Haemaphysalis longicornis)의 살비활성을 검정하였다. 산해박 정유는 20.0 mg/disc에서 유해균 2종(C. perfringens 및 E. coli)에 대해 항균활성을 확인하였으나, 작은소피참진드기에는 살비활성을 나타내지 않았다. GC-MS 분석을 통해 얻어진 구성성분 중에 2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone이 유해균 2종에 대해서 10.0 mg/disc에서 각각 12.1 및 12.0 mm의 inhibition zone이 나타난 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 인하여 2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone 유도 화합물들의 구조에 따른 항균활성을 검정하고자 acetophenone 계열 유도체 10종(acetophenone, 2'-hydroxyacetophenone, 4'-hydroxyacetophenone, 2'-methoxyacetophenone, 4'-methoxyacetophenone, 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2',5'-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2',4'-dimethoxyacetophenone, 2',5'-dimethoxyacetophenone 및 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone)과 비교 실험한 결과, methyl group이 포함된 acetophenone 유도화합물에서는 유해균 2종에 대해 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 장내유익균에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 hydroxyl group이 포함된 acetophenone 유도화합물에서는 장내 미생물에 대해 항균 활성이 전혀 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 통해 산해박 정유와 구성성분 2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone 및 그 유도체는 천연 장내 세균총 개선제로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2017

Electrochemical noise signals in many cases exhibit a DC drift that should be removed prior to further data analysis. Polynomial fitting and moving average removal method have been used to remove trends of electrochemical noise (EN) in time domain. The corrosion inhibition of synthesized schiff base N,N'-bis(3,5-dihydroxyacetophenone)-2,2-dimethylpropandiimine on API-5L-X70 steel in hydrochloric acid solutions were used to study the effects of drifts removal methods on noise resistance calculation. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the corrosion inhibition property of the inhibitor. The results showed that for the calculation of $R_n$, both methods were effective in trend removal and the polynomial with m=4 and MAR with p=40 were in agreement.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2013

In the course of screening tyrosinase inhibitory activity, total methanolic extract and EtOAc-soluble fraction of Smilax china leaves showed significant inhibitory activity. Further fractionation and isolation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction resulted in 12 phenolic compounds, which were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (5), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (7), trans-resveratrol (8), cis-resveratrol (9), dihydroresveratrol (10), moracin M (11) and kaempferol (12). Compounds 1-11 were first reported from this plant. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2, 8, 9 and 12 showed strong inhibition on tyrosinase activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2017

Maximum production of isoquercetin and quercetin simultaneously from rutin by subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) was optimized using the response surface methodology. Hydrolysis parameters such as temperature, time, and $CO_2$ pressure were selected as independent variables, and isoquercetin and quercetin yields were selected as dependent variables. The regression models of the yield of isoquercetin and quercetin were valid due to the high F-value and low P-value. Furthermore, the high regression coefficient indicated that the polynomial model equation provides a good approximation of experimental results. In maximum production of isoquercetin from rutin, the hydrolysis temperature was the major factor, and the temperature or time can be lower if the $CO_2$ pressure was increased high enough, thereby preventing the degradation of isoquercetin into quercetin. The yield of quercetin was considerably influenced by temperature instead of time and $CO_2$ pressure. The optimal condition for maximum production of isoquercetin and quercetin simultaneously was temperature of $171.4^{\circ}C$, time of 10.0 min, and $CO_2$ pressure of 11.0 MPa, where the predicted maximum yields of isoquercetin and quercetin were 13.7% and 53.3%, respectively. Hydrolysis temperature, time, and $CO_2$ pressure for maximum production of isoquercetin were lower than those of quercetin. Thermal degradation products such as protocatechuic acid and 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone were observed due to pyrolysis at high temperature. It was concluded that rutin can be easily converted into isoquercetin and quercetin by SWH under $CO_2$ pressure, and this result can be applied for SWH of rutin-rich foodstuffs.