• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated accuracy and usefulness of CyberKnife Respiratory Tracking System ($Synchrony^{TM}$, Accuray, USA) about a moving during stereotactic radiosurgery. For this study, we used moving phantom that can move the target. We also used Respiratory Tracking System called Synchrony of the Cyberknife in order to track the moving target. For treatment planning of the moving target, we obtained an image using 4D-CT. To measure dose distribution and point dose at the moving target, ion chamber (0.62 cc) and gafchromic EBT film were used. We compared dose distribution (80% isodose line of prescription dose) of static target to that of moving target in order to evaluate the accuracy of Respiratory Tracking System. We also measured the point dose at the target. The mean difference of synchronization for TLS (target localization system) and Synchrony were $11.5{\pm}3.09\;mm$ for desynchronization and $0.14{\pm}0.08\;mm$ for synchronization. The mean difference between static target plan and moving target plan using 4D CT images was $0.18{\pm}0.06\;mm$. And, the accuracy of Respiratory Tracking System was less 1 mm. Estimation of usefulness in Respiratory Tracking System was $17.39{\pm}0.14\;mm$ for inactivity and $1.37{\pm}0.11\;mm$ for activity. The mean difference of absolute dose was $0.68{\pm}0.38%$ in static target and $1.31{\pm}0.81%$ in moving target. As a conclusion, when we treat about the moving target, we consider that it is important to use 4D-CT and the Respiratory Tracking System. In this study, we confirmed the accuracy and usefulness of Respiratory Tracking System in the Cyberknife.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out impact of level of awareness about old age, knowledge of the elderly and preparing for later life on college students in Korea. The study was composed of 133 students who were studying in 4-year system at colleges. Data were collected from October 1st to November 31st, 2019. Data analysis included an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using the SPSS 19.0 program. As a result of this study, factors influencing the subject's preparing for later life included knowledge of the elderly (β = 0.21, p = .012), men (β = 0.28, p = .001), and level of awareness about old age (β = 0.23, p =. 005), and the accounting power of these factors was 18% in total (F=9.14, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that understanding of the elderly must be improved in order to effectively prepare for later life and gender should be taken into account when planning for intervention.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.752-758
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• 2007

Background: Thoracic sympathetic block surgery is a safe and effective procedure for palmar hyperhydrosis, and this maintains sufficient moisture and prevents compensatory hyperhidrosis. To avoid compensatory hyperhidrosis, the authors performed sympathetic block surgery just above the R4 level to maintain sympathetic tone affecting the caudal area. Material and Method: A total of 71 subjects (45 males and 26 females) were categorized into two groups. Group 1 (31 patients, mean age: 25.5 years) had clips placed both on the upper and lower part of R4 sympathetic ganglion, and group 2 (40 patients, mean age: 25.9 years) underwent clipping of the upper part of R4. Telephone surveys were done to collect data on 8 categories, and the average follow up interval was 24.9 months (group 1) and 18.9 months (group 2). Result: For group 1, 41.9% experienced no sweating and 48.4% re-plied they experienced some sweating depending on the surrounding conditions. Group 2 showed that 60% experienced no sweating and 35% replied they experienced some sweating depending on the surrounding conditions, 58.1% in group 1 experienced sweating right after the surgery, and 40.0% in group 2 experienced the same. Group 1 (38.1%) and group 2 (37.5%) replied they experienced no hand dryness and more patients in group 2 than in group 1 had hand dryness, but without uncomfortable symptoms. 71.0% (group 1) and 62.5% (group 2) replied they had no compensatory hyperhidrosis or related symptoms. One patient in group 1 and two in group 2 reported they regretted undergoing the procedure. The regions of compensatory hyperhidrosis were the back, thigh and chest in group 1 and the group 2 reported the back, chest, and abdomen in the order of frequency. Fewer incidences of the gustatory hyperhidrosis were noted in group 2. Most of the patients were satisfied with their treatment. Conclusion: Clipping the upper part of the R4 ganglion or R4 sympathetic block are both effective for treating palmar hyperhidrosis and these treatments decrease the occurrence or symptoms of compensatory hyperhidrosis. The upper R4 sympathetic block procedure is easier and safer with fewer incidences of gustatory hyperhidrosis and a higher percentage of patient satisfaction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the improvement effects of head of Panax ginseng on chronic arthritis, we have investigated the activity of butanol fraction (BuOH fraction) in vitro and in vivo system. BuOH fraction showed significant inhibition on the elastase activity. Anti-arthritic activity of BuOH fraction was also examined on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. Mice were immunized with injection of type II collagen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by a booster injection 21 days later. BuOH fraction(BHPG) was administered at an oral dose of 500mg/kg for 2 weeks from the 1st day boost. The hind paw edema was significantly decreased in the group of treatment with BuOH fraction compared to control. In collagen-induced DBA/1J mice, BuOH fraction did not affected the collagen antibody titer but significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) activity. These results were confirmed with histological evaluation of joint tissues. This study may raise the possibility that the usage of BuOH fraction of head of Panax ginseng as alternative medicine for the relief and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

Recently, with development of core technology for supertall building construction projects, the need for an improvement of the related legal system is increasing dramatically. Therefore, the supertall Buildings R&DB Center, which is funded by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime affairs (MLTM), is studying the legal system for supertall buildings. This research, as one part of the 1st year research results, aimed at studying supertall building project related issues and problems to develop supertall building elements, and conducting an importance-performance analysis (IPA) of these elements in order to conclude a strategy and direction for an improvement of the related legal system. A total of 68 supertall building elements were derived, and the IPA method was used to analyze these elements based on attribute types. Furthermore, an improvement strategy and directions were suggested for upgrading the legal system related to supertall buildings to the level of global standards. These efforts can be the base for advancing the legal systems of the domestic construction industry in all areas, including supertall building construction.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2007

Recently, the development of sensor devices has accelerated researches on advanced technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks. Moreover, spatial sensors using GPS lead to the era of the Ubiquitous Computing Environment which generally uses spatial information and non-spatial information together. In this new era, a real-time processing system for spatial sensor data is essential. In this reason, new data processing systems called DSMS(Data Stream Management System) are being developed by many researchers. However, since most of them do not support geometry types and spatial functions to process spatial sensor data, they are not suitable for the Ubiquitous Computing Environment. For these reasons, in this paper, we designed and implemented a spatial DSMS by extending STREAM which stands for STanford stREam datA Manager, to solve these problems. We added geometry types and spatial functions to STREAM in order to process spatial sensor data efficiently. In addition, we implemented a Spatial Object Manager to manage shared spatial objects within the system. Especially, we implemented the Simple Features Specification for SQL of OGC for interoperability and applied algorithms in GEOS to our system.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Cardiac disease is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. In quantitative analysis of cardiac function and morphological information by three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images, left ventricle provides an important role functionally and physiologically. However, existing procedures mostly rely on the extensive human interaction and are seldom evaluated on clinical applications. In this study, we developed a system which could perform automatic extraction of enpicardial and endocardial contour and analysis of cardiac function to evaluate reliability and stability of each system comparing with the result of ARGUS system offered 1.5T Siemens MRI system and manual method performed by clinicians. For various aspects, we investigated reliability of each system by compared with left ventricular contour, end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stock volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) and wall thickness (WT). When comparing with manual method, extracted results of developed process using minimum error threshold (MET) method that automatically extracts contour from cardiac MR images and ARGUS system were demonstrated as successful rate 90% of the contour extraction. When calculating cardiac function parameters using MET and comparing with using correlation coefficients analysis method, the process extracts endocardial and epicardial contour using MET, values from automatic and ARGUS method agreed with manual values within :t 3% average error. It was successfully demonstrated that automatic method using threshold technique could provide high potential for assessing of each parameters with relatively high reliability compared with manual method. In this study, the method developed in this study could reduce processing time compared with ARGUS and manual method due to a simple threshold technique. This method is useful for diagnosis of cardiac disease, simulating physiological function and amount of blood flow of left ventricle. In addition, this method could be valuable in developing automatic systems in order to apply to other deformable image models.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.391-396
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify which width of the base of support(BOS) is safer and more effective in lifting by comparing muscle activations and body sways when lifting objects under the width variation of the BOS. A total of fifteen healthy adults participated in this study. For the width variation of the BOS, the participants changed the width between their feet into three different types(10cm, 32cm, 45cm) and lifted a 10kg four times in each type after going up on a force plate. In order to measure body sways according to the width variation of the BOS, a motion analysis system was used. In addition, in order to measure the muscle activations of lower extremities, including the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior, an electromyogram(EMG) analysis was employed. In addition, the Borg's scale was drawn by quantifying the subjective discomfort levels felt from each width of the BOS. In conclusion, no statistically significant differences according to the width variation of the BOS were observed(p=.295, .308)(p>.05). However, a statistically significant difference was exhibited between the Borg's scale, which indicates the discomfort levels from lifting performances, and the width variation of the BOS (p=$.000^*$).

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.36-41
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• 2001

In order to simulate wake of stator and a gas turbine engine's balde row, acryl cylinder and a linear turbine cascade were used respectively in this study. Experimental of heat transfer distributions was done on the passage endwall and blade suction surface. Temperature distributions on the experimental regions were obtained through image processing system by using the cholesteric type liquid crystal which has chain structure of metyl$(CH_3)$. To represent the degree of heat transfer, dimensionless St number was used. The results show that heat transfer on the blade suction surface was increased due to the wake from the cylinder and was decreased as the distance between cylinder row and blade row increases. Because of groth of passage vortex, heat transfer distributions on the trailing edge area showed triangular shape which was little changed with wake. On the other hand, heat transfer on the passage endwall was decreased due to the wake from cylinder. As the distance between cylinder row and blade row increases, heat transfer was more decreased.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2019

Purpose - The business model is a method of creating corporate value, in existing "classification of business model", limitations and redundancy phenomena are applied when a new type flows in, and as consumer's purchasing decision of consumer behavior 5 steps. The classification schemes can be used for more accurate data analysis by proposing a new mapping technique in the fourth industry. Research design, data, and methodology - It was far more classified on the business model (BMS by BDS), and so on. Designing the new horizons of logistics, marketing, methodology by reclassifying these existing data to new useful data with the old methods, in order to analyze the areas where the problem has been raised for the point that the existing methods are not suitable configured. This will be applicable to the system of quaternary industry from the perspective of the buyer. Results - The mapping results of the consumer purchase decision were as follows,the 1^st stage (interest) was 23.73%, 2^nd stages (publicity) 33.90%, 3^rd stages (sales) 13.56%, 4^th stages (decision) 11.86%, 5^th stages (repurchaser) 16.95%. This verified that "the business model can be classified through "BMS by BDS". Conclusions - This structural classification is the basis of logistics marketing in the 4th industry, and proposes a innovative and effective model of constructing theory.