• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1998

Anthers of three cross combinations of hot-pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were cultured on Dumas De Vaulx medium supplemented with some growth regulators. The embryo production efficiency and the diversity for agronomic traits in $A_2$ lines were investigated. The embryo production frequencies of hybrid combinations were ranged from 16.4% to 43.4%, the highest embryo induction combination was DGSH $\times$ C-NH with 43.4% embryogenic efficiency. Among total 275 $A_2$ lines, phenotypic variants were found in six lines, 2.1% variant frequency. The diversity of $A_2$ lines derived from anther culture was different according to the cross combinations. Fruit color was within parental range, no transgressive variation was observed. However leaf color showed transgressive variation. In fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight, one C-HC $\times$ DGSH and DGSH $\times$ C-NH showed great diversity compared with doner parents while Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH crossed with Cheokjo 1 with big fruit shape showed small diversity. Stem length to 1st branch was relatively similer to or longer than donor parents. Stem thick exhibited remarkable diversity. Node number to 1st branch distributed alomost within the range of donor parents in C-HC $\times$ DGSH combination, however great transgressive variations were observed in DGSH $\times$ C-NH and Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH combinations.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.512-517
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• 2008

Purpose : Syncope is relatively common in children and adolescents. Among the etiologies of syncope, neurocardiogenical syncope is the most common, but it is often confounded with seizure. We investigated the clinical features of patients under the age of 15 with neurocardiogenical syncope, compared to patients with neurologic disorders including epilepsy. Methods : Among the children who visited the Department of Pediatrics at Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital and Chungbuk National University Hospital from March 2005 to February 2007, we retrospectively analyzed 69 patients whose chief complaint was syncope. We classified the patients by syncope etiology and made comparisons between the neurocardiogenical syncope (NCS) group and the neurological disorders (ND) group regarding to age; location; time and season in which syncope occurred; associated symptoms, including seizures, provocation factors; prodromes; duration of syncope; frequency of previous syncope; birth history; associated disease; past medical history; family history; neurological exam; physical exam; laboratory findings; electrocardiography; electroencephalography (EEG); head-up tilt test; brain CT; and MRI. Results : Among 69 syncope patients, 53 (76.8%) were in the NCS group and 11 (15.9%) were in the ND group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups except for the presence of prodromes and EEG abnormalities. The presence of prodromes in the NCS group was more common than in the ND group [46.9% (23/49) vs. 9.1% (1/11), (P=0.038)]. The EEG abnormality in the ND group was more common than in the NCS group [90% (9/10) vs. 5.8% (3/52), (P<0.01)]. Conclusion : Our study suggests that detailed history-taking, including that concerning prodromes, is important for the accurate diagnosis of neurocardiogenical syncope, and EEG should be obtained if neurological disorders are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1972

For the development of acoustic fishing method, the noises of fishes have been recorded and analy/'ed by many scientists. Some specimens of fishes were selected as such Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idellus Carassius carassius, and pagrosol1ms major in this experiment. The noises such as feeding noise, driving away noise, jumping noise and fi llip noise were recorded by the tape recorder, Sony Model 262, through the underwa te r microph I one, Oki ST 6582, and analyzed in frequencies bv octave band analyzer, Rion SA-55, and sound pressure level of source by sound level meter, Rion NA-opNN The supplied feed was placed within 5em apart from the hydrophone. The result of analyzed noises were as follow. Cyprinus carjJio; Feeding noise 250- 500 cps, 92- 99 dB Driving away noise 125-2, 000 eps, 101-112 dB Jumping noise 125-2, 000 eps, 99-116.5 dB Ctenopharyngodon idcllus; Driving away noise 125-1, 000 cps, 96-109 dB Carassius carassius; Feeding noise 250- 500 cps, 91. 5- 99.5 dB Driving away noise 125-1, 000 eps, 99-108 dB Carassius auratus Feeding noise 250 eps, 94-101 dB Driving away noise 125-1, 000 cps, 98-110 dB Pagrosomus major Feeding noise 230-500 cps, 90-101 dB Fillip noise 500 cps, 98-108 dB (1) Feeding noise was produced as like as snap noise of twig and gulping down saliva noise in human and dominant frequency range of the noise is 250-500 cps and noise level 90-101 dB. (2) It was found that feeding noise were not a monotonic but a complex tones though fish took the same food. (3) Driving away noise was produced not so keen and the wave form of the noise is rising very sharp and big amplitude in the oscillograph. Dominant frequency range of this noise was about 150-1, 000 cps and noise level 96-112 dB except thut of carp. (4) The frequency of snapper's fillip noise, when it produced by caudal fin in swimming at the surface of water, was 500 cps and noise level 93-108 dB snd that of jumping noise of carp about 150-2, 000 cps and noise level 99-116.5 dB.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.735-746
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• 1993

Electrocardiographic parameters of amplitude and the shape of waves on the unipolar precordial chest leads in the normal Korean native cattles have been measured with a 3 channel electrocardiograph built in a computed and analysis. The study was conducted on 98 heads of mean age of 17.6 months. The wave forms of P, T and QRS complex wave in all leads showed various types. The parameters of the amplitude in the wave types showed the most frequency in each lead that were analyzed as follow : 1. In P wave, amplitudes of positive type showed a frequency of 92.9% and 93.9% in leads $CV_6LU$ and $CV_6LL$ that were $83.8{\pm}31.0{\mu}V$ and $76.0{\pm}30.7{\mu}V$, and negative type showed a frequency of 97.9% in lead V 10 that were $-80.2{\pm}29.4{\mu}V$, respectively. But the plate type in leads $CV_6RU$ and $CV_6RL$ showed frequency of 48% and 58.3%, respectively. 2. Average amplitude of the QRS complex were in a range of $277.0{\pm}154.0{\mu}V$ to $648.2{\pm}146.2{\mu}V$(mean of $418.8{\pm}139.4{\mu}V$) in all leads that were manifested the Low-Voltage QRS complex(below 1 mV in unipolar precordial leads). Average amplitudes of each wave type in the QRS complex were $-250.0{\pm}139.8{\mu}V$ and $-399.2{\pm}226.8{\mu}V$ in the QS group types that showed a frequency of 50.0% and 82.5% in the leads $CV_6LU$ and $CV_6LL$, respectively. And average amplitudes of the R group types showed a frequency of 85.6%, 56.1% and 75.8% in the $CV_6RU$, $CV_6RL$ and $V_{10}$ that were $321.5{\pm}142.1{\mu}V$, $271.6{\pm}139.9{\mu}V$ and $552.4{\pm}132.7{\mu}V$, respectively. 3. In T waves, Amplitudes of the positive type showed a frequency of 60.2%, 46.9% and 83.7% in leads of $CV_6LL$, $CV_6RU$ and $CV_6RL$ that were respectively $184.7{\pm}93.7{\mu}V$ $103.7{\pm}64.43{\mu}V$ and $111.8{\pm}39.3{\mu}V$, the negative type showed a frequency of 62.2% and 93.7% in leads $CV_6LU$ and $V_{10}$ that were $142.2{\pm}82.1{\mu}V$ and $-280.3{\pm}107.2{\mu}V$, respectively. 4. Average amplitude of ST segment were $3.7{\pm}33.1{\mu}V$, $0.9{\pm}23.1{\mu}V$, $10.9{\pm}28.6{\mu}V$, $5.8{\pm}28.3{\mu}V$ and $-34.7{\pm}48.4{\mu}V$ in leads $CV_6LL$, $CV_6RU$, $CV_6RL$, $CV_6LU$ and $V_{10}$ respectively.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2015

Orthotropic steel highway bridges exist almost everywhere in world, especially in Europe. The design of these bridges started very early in 20th century and ended with a conventional orthotropic steel bridge structure, which is today specified in DIN FB 103. These bridges were mostly built in 1960's and exhibit damages in steel structural parts. The primary reason of these damages is the high pressure that is induced by wheel- loads and therefore damages develop especially in heavy traffic lanes. Constructive rules are supplied by standards to avoid damages in orthotropic steel structural parts. These rules are first given in detail in the standard DIN 18809 (Steel highway- and pedestrian bridges- design, construction, fabrication) and then in DIN- FB 103 (Steel bridges). Bridges built in the past are today subject to heavier wheel loads and the frequency of loading is also increased. Because the vehicles produced today in 21st century are heavier than before and more people have vehicle in comparison with 20th century. Therefore dimensioning or strengthening of orthotropic steel bridges by using stiffer dimensions and shorter spans is an essence. In the scope of this study the complex geometry of conventional steel orthotropic bridge is generated by FE-Program and the effects of cross beam web thickness and cross beam span on steel bridge are assessed by means of a parameter study. Consequently, dimensional and constructional recommendations in association with cross beam thickness and span will be given by this study.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2012

The Ministry of Information-Communication assigned 18~19GHz frequency band for communication of cabins and platform to link between subway/train and it's station. In this paper, we propose wireless transmission devices which are 2 stage hybrid low noise amplifier of 18GHz band and mixer for 18GHz as well to apply for RF receiver. We designed LNA to be noise matched its 1st stage and gain matched for 2nd stage and mixer using $180^{\circ}$ hybrid coupler to suppress the spurious signal. The transistors of 18 GHz LNA and mixer are NE3210S01 of NEC and KMB-N51-1, respectively. As the result of simulation, we get 19.92dB gain and 2.06dB noise figure with LNA and 8.61dB conversion loss with mixer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Genetic variability is an important component in the ability of populations to adapt in the face of environmental change. Severe human impacts reduced Muzzafarnagri sheep of India from 500,000 in 1972 to 10,989 in 1973-74. Here we report for the first time the effect of this population decline on levels of genetic variability at 13 FAO recommended ovine microsatellite loci and contrast levels of variability to that in a breed from the same geographical region, which differed in numbers, by an order of magnitude (Marwari sheep). Of the 13 loci, 100% were polymorphic in both breeds. A high degree of genetic variation was observed within populations in terms of both allele diversity (number of alleles per locus, >4) and gene diversity (expected heterozygosity, >0.5), which implied that there is still a substantial amount of genetic diversity at the nuclear loci in a declining population. Nevertheless, overall low number of alleles per locus and relatively less abundance of low frequency alleles in Muzzafarnagri sheep suggested that genetic variability has been comparatively reduced in this population. Bottleneck analysis indicated that a genetic bottleneck did not occur during the most recent decline. In addition, we found that the differentiation among populations was moderate ($F_{ST}$= 11.8%). This study on assessment of genetic effects of the population declines in ovines is a step towards identification of genetically impoverished or healthy populations, which could prove to be a useful tool to facilitate conservation planning in this important species of small ruminants.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between soft drink consumption and subjective oral symptoms in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data of 65,528 adolescents were derived from the twelfth Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey, which was conducted from 1st June 2016 to 30th June 2016. Sociodemographic factors, dietary habit, and oral health behavior were collected as independent variables. The subjective oral symptoms were used as a dependent variable. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the correlation between dental caries and the other variables. Results: A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective oral symptoms were correlated with sex, age, subjective economic status, soft drink consumption, sweet drink consumption, tooth brushing frequency and dental sealant experience. Conclusions: Since the intake of soft drink adversely effects subjectively perceived oral symptoms in Korean adolescents, oral health education should include information on the pH levels of food and beverages including carbonated drinks, the effects of sugar on the teeth, and precautions to preventing tooth damage.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.250-258
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• 1986

From Aug. 1984 to May 1986, 116 cases of cardiovascular surgery including 85 cases of open heart surgery were performed at Korea Veterans Hospital. There were 108 congenital anomalies and 8 acquired valvular heart diseases. Among 108 congenital malformations 92 operations were done for acyanotic group, and 16 operations for cyanotic group. Thirteen cases of open heart surgery for infants or small children under 10kg of body weight were performed, which occupied 15.3 percent of total open heart surgery done in the same period. Common congenital cardiovascular anomalies were ventricular septal defect [40.7%], patent ductus arteriosus [29.6%], tetralogy of Fallot [12.[%], atrial septal defect [11.1%], and pulmonary stenosis [1.9%] in order of frequency. Valve replacement using lonescu-Shiley or Carpentier-Edwards valve was performed for 8 cases of acquired mitral valve disease, and valve replacement using St. Jude valve was done for a case of patent ductus arteriosus with severe mitral insufficiency. There was no mortality in acyanotic congenital malformations and acquired valve lesions, and 5 cases of mortality in cyanotic congenital malformations. Overall mortality was 4.3 percent for total cases and 5.9 percent for 85 cases of open heart surgery.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to investigate the relationship between the trunk muscle fatigue and recovery time during repetitive extension by using a surface electromyogram(EMG). Ten healthy subjects particioated in a simulated lifting task with five levels of recovery time and three levels of sub-maximal contraction. EMG signals of the L1(Lumbar 1st Vertebrae) and L3(Lumbar 3rd Vertebrae) level of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. and analyzed in terms of MPF(mean power frequency) parameter to quantify the level of muscle fatigue. It was found that MPF significantly (p<0.05) decreased during repetitive extension task at 50% and 75% sub-maximal contractions. Then it took minutes for the trunk muscle to recover from fatigue during 50% sub-maximal contraction. and it took five minutes during 75% sub-maximal contraction. and it took five minutes during 75% sub-maximal contraction. The recovery time estimated by the maximum force needs to be re-evaluated for the trunk muscle to fully recover from fatigue. In conclusion. the work/rest cycle needs to be studied based upon the information of muscle fatigue in order to prevent workers from musculoskeletal injuries during repetitive lifting task.