• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.361-373
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• 2013

The monitoring of urban area, target detection and building reconstruction have been actively studied and investigated since high resolution X-band SAR images could be acquired by airborne and/or satellite SAR systems. This paper describes an efficient approach to reconstruct artificial structures (e.g. apartment, building and house) in urban area using high resolution X-band SAR images. Building footprint was first extracted from 1:25,000 digital topographic map and then a corner line of building was detected by an automatic detecting algorithm. With SAR amplitude images, an initial building height was calculated by the length of layover estimated using KS-test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) from the corner line. The interferometric SAR phases were simulated depending on SAR geometry and changable building heights ranging from -10 m to +10 m of the initial building height. With an interferogram from real SAR data set, the simulation results were compared using the method of the phase consistency. One of results can be finally defined as the reconstructed building height. The developed algorithm was applied to repeat-pass TerraSAR-X spotlight mode data set over an apartment complex in Daejeon city, Korea. The final building heights were validated against reference heights extracted from LiDAR DSM, with an RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of about 1~2m.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.781-781
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 수문-수질 모의가 가능한 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 경안천 상류의 별미천 유역($1.21km^2$)을 대상으로 최적관리기법(Best Management Practice, BMP) 적용에 따른 비점오염원 저감효과를 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 별미천 유역내 논($0.049km^2$)과 밭($0.018km^2$) 지역에 대한 BMP 시나리오를 작성하였다. 먼저, 논에서는 계단식(Terrace) 재배 방법을 적용하였으며, 밭에서는 등고선(Contour farming) 재배 방법과 볏짚지표피복 시나리오를 적용하였다. 여기서, 볏짚지표피복 시나리오는 현재 $1276.6m^2$, 경사도 약 3.2%의 콩 재배가 이루어지고 있는 시험포장에서 수행된 결과를 이용하여 SWAT 모형의 지표유출관련 매개 변수를 조정하였다. SWAT 모형의 적용성 평가를 위해, 1:5,000 수치지도로부터 2m DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 및 QuickBird(2006.05.01) 위성영상으로부터 스크린 디지타이징기법(On-Screen Digitizing Method)을 이용하여 총 21개 토지이용항목의 1:5,000급 정밀토지이용도를 작성하고, 농촌진흥청에서 제공하는 1:25,000 정밀토양도를 구축하였다. 또한, 유역출구점에서 자동수위 및 강우량 계측기, 수질측정을 위한 오토샘플러를 설치하여 시간당 수위(유량), 강우 자료와 강우발생에 따른 수질자료(Sediment, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus)를 이용하여 모형의 검보정(2011.06.08 ~ 2011.10.31)을 실시하였다. 모형의 검보정 후, 논에서의 Terrace 및 밭에서의 Contour farming, 밭 시험포장에서의 저감효과가 분석된 지표피복시나리오의 적용을 위한 SWAT 모형의 관련 매개변수를 정의하고, 각 BMP 시나리오별 비점오염원 저감효과를 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.410-410
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• 2017

지하수 관리를 위해서는 시공간적인 변동성을 고려한 지하수 함양량의 정량적 산정이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 지표수-지하수 연동해석이 가능하며 토지이용 특성과 국내 토양특성을 가장 잘 표현할 수 있는 한국형 장기 유출 모형 SWAT-K를 이용하여 김천지역의 분포형 지하수 함양량을 산정하였다. 행정경계와 수자원단위지도에서 제시하는 표준단위유역을 기준으로 하여 김천시를 포함하는 유역을 SWAT-K 구동을 위한 모델영역으로 설정하여 주하도를 따라 19개의 소유역으로 구분하였다. SWAT-K를 구동하기 위해서는 기상 및 수문자료를 구축해야 하는데 강우량을 비롯하여 기온, 풍속, 일사량, 상대습도 등의 기상자료가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 대상유역 내에 위치한 구미, 추풍령, 거창, 상주 기상관측소와 김천, 지례, 부항1, 부항2, 선산 강우관측소의 자료를 이용하여 기상 및 강우자료를 구축하였으며, 모형의 계산시간, 모형결과의 정확도 등을 판단하여 30m 공간해상도를 가지는 DEM을 300m 공간해상도로 가공하여 사용하였다. 토지이용도는 모의시 다양한 토지이용상태를 반영할 수 있도록 중분류(1:25,000) 토지이용도를 사용하였다. 토양도는 국립농업과학원에서 토양도 전산화 사업을 통해 구축된 1:25,000 축척의 정밀토양도를 사용하였다. SWAT-K를 이용하여 김천시를 포함한 전체유역에 대해 지표수-지하수 통합 물수지 분석 결과(2008년~2015년) 연평균 강수량 대비 유출률은 61.2%, 증발산률은 36.3%, 함양률은 18.0%로 나타났다. 지표수 유출과정과 지하수위 변동을 동시에 고려하여 산정한 소유역별 연간 함양량 결과를 산정하였고, 총 19개의 소유역별 연간 지하수 함양량을 제시하였다. 또한 SWAT-K 모형을 이용한 모델 영역중 김천시에 속하는 행정구역별, 표준권역별 연평균 함양량을 산출하였으며, 그 분석 결과 김천시 평균 함양률은 18.2%로 산정되었다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.172-178
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• 2006

There has been tremendous increase of disaster related damages since 1990's. Especially flood occurred in summer season highly populated area has led to demolish a lot of facilities and buildings within a short time period. This is to figure out the way to predict the vulnerable flood inundation area by past records of inundation and and geographic information available. The comparative study on 1998 and 1999 flood inundation area in Munsan and Gokneung river shows that 5 degree of slope and 10 m elevation level are dividing index to draw the vulnerable area. This study is to suggest the relatively easy method to predict flood vulnerable area and to apply the results to prepare for protecting the facilities and the people with other thematic geographic database.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.386-386
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• 2017

지하수 해석을 위해 3차원 수치해석 모형이 적용되고 있으나, 다양한 매개변수를 명확히 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 특히, 수리전도도는 지층의 투수성정도를 나타내는 계수로 지하수 분석에 매우 중요한 매개변수이다. 신뢰성의 확보를 위해 양수시험을 통해 산출된 결과를 이용하고 있으나 소수관정의 시험결과를 유역의 대푯값으로 적용하기에 불확실도가 매우 높고, 수위변화가 독특한 지역의 정확한 수리특성을 적용하기에 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서는 수리전도도 특성을 해석하기 위하여 3차원 수치해석모형을 적용하였으며, 모델보정 방법 중 Regularization(정규화)라고 불리는 Pilot point 기법을 사용하였다. 제주도와 같이 수리전도도 값이 지역별로 차이가 크고 동일 유역 내에도 다른 지질구조를 보이는 등 동일 매질에서 동일 투수성을 보이지 않는 다양함으로 실측값들을 적용하기에 어려운 곳에서 정규화라는 보정방법은 최적화된 방법이다. 지하수위는 중제주유역 내 위치한 12개소 수위관측정의 2016년 연평균수위를 적용하였다. 미계측지역은 제주도 등수위선자료를 이용하여 DEM을 구축하였으며, 임의지점 17개소를 선정하여 대표수위로 적용하였다. 중제주유역의 평균 수리전도도는 82.90 m/day로 분석되었으며, 유역의 동측 하류부는 최대 1,745 m/day로 비교적 큰 결과가 산출되었다. 유역의 중앙에 위치하는 OR관측정을 기준으로 동 서지역의 지하수위를 검토한 결과 서측은 지형구배에 따라 지하수위가 형성하고 있으나, 동측의 경우 상 하류의 표고차가 30m이상 발생되지만 지하수위는 유사한 형태를 보이고 있다. 지하수 흐름에 해석되는 Darcy의 방정식은 수리전도도와 동수경사는 반비례관계를 나타내며, 이 이론에 의해 상 하류 지하수위가 유사하게 형성되는 동측지역은 국부적으로 수리전도도가 높게 형성되는 것으로 확인되었다. 실무에서는 유역경계에 따라 평균화된 매개변수가 적용되므로 명확한 지하수 해석이 어렵고, 수리전도도와 같이 지역적 편차가 심한 매개변수는 다양한 연구를 통해 적용성검토가 수행되어야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find a scheme to scale down the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) digital precipitation maps to the grid cell resolution comparable to the rural landscape scale in Korea. As a result, we suggest two steps procedure called RATER (Radar Assisted Topography and Elevation Revision) based on both radar echo data and a mountain precipitation model. In this scheme, the radar reflection intensity at the constant altitude of 1.5 km is applied first to the KMA local analysis and prediction system (KLAPS) 5 km grid cell to obtain 1 km resolution. For the second step the elevation and topography effect on the basis of 270 m digital elevation model (DEM) which represented by the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) is applied to the 1 km resolution data to produce the 270 m precipitation map. An experimental watershed with about $50km^2$ catchment area was selected for evaluating this scheme and automated rain gauges were deployed to 13 locations with the various elevations and slope aspects. 19 cases with 1 mm or more precipitation per day were collected from January to May in 2013 and the corresponding KLAPS daily precipitation data were treated with the second step procedure. For the first step, the 24-hour integrated radar echo data were applied to the KLAPS daily precipitation to produce the 1 km resolution data across the watershed. Estimated precipitation at each 1 km grid cell was then regarded as the real world precipitation observed at the center location of the grid cell in order to derive the elevation regressions in the PRISM step. We produced the digital precipitation maps for all the 19 cases by using RATER and extracted the grid cell values corresponding to 13 points from the maps to compare with the observed data. For the cases of 10 mm or more observed precipitation, significant improvement was found in the estimated precipitation at all 13 sites with RATER, compared with the untreated KLAPS 5 km data. Especially, reduction in RMSE was 35% on 30 mm or more observed precipitation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2008

Due to the remarkable development of the GIS and spatial information technology, the information on the national land and scientific management are disseminated. According to the result of research for an efficient analysis of forest site, it presents distinguishing of satellite image and methodology of TPI (Topographic Position Index). The prediction of forest site distribution through this research, specified Gyeongju-si area, gives an effect to distinguishing honor system through Quickbird image with the resolution 0.6m. Furthermore it was carried out through TPI grid that is abstracted by DEM, slope of study area and type of topography, as well as it put its operation on analysis and verification of relativity between the result of prediction on forest site distribution and the field survey report. It distinguishes distribution of country rock that importantly effects to producing of soil, using 1: 5000 forest maps and grasping distribution type of soil using satellite image and TPI, it is supposed to provide a foundation of the result on prediction of forest site. With the GIS techniques of analysis, inclination of discussion, altitude, etc, and using high resolution satellite image and TPI, it is considered to be capable to provide more exact basis information of forest resources, management of forest management both in rational and efficient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to the test applicability of SLURP on Soyanggang-dam watershed. The area of this watershed is $2,694km^2$ and mean elevation and slope is 650 m and $23^{\circ}$ respectively. Topographical parameters were derived from DEM using TOPAZ and SLURPAZ. NDVI was calculated from multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR images. The daily meteorological data and hydrograph during $1999\~2001$ were selected for model calibration and performance tests. Weather elements (dew-point temperature, solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity) were required from the S meteorological stations near the study area. The model parameters of each land cover class were optimized by sensitivity analysis and SCE-UA method. Runoff rate shows $49.33\%\~64.06\%$. Simulated results during 4 years were estimated by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and WMO volume error. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency shows $0.61\~0.75$ and WMO volume error shows $6.1\%-18.8\%$.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 1981

Es wird hier versucht, die doch sehr subjektive $gepr\"{a}gte$ Gestalt des Familienhaushalts mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden an objektiven Kriterien darzustellen. Alle wirtschaftlich relevanten Handlungen entspringen $Bed\"{u}rfnissen$. $Bed\"{u}rfnissen$ bestimmen immer den Zweck der Handlung. Nach dem $\"{o}konomischen$ Prinzip geht es dabei um die $bestm\"{o}gliche$ Verwendung knapper Mittle $f\"{u}r$ bestimmte, den $Bed\"{u}rfnissen$ entsprechende Zwecksetzungen. $Haush\"{a}lterischen$ Handeln aber geht $\"{u}ber$ das $\"{o}konomische$ Prinzip hinaus. Im $haush\"{a}lterichen$ Handeln geht es auch um die rationale Kontrolle der $Bed\"{u}rfnisse$. Hier ist der Masstab die den $Bed\"{u}rfnissen$ vorausgehende und die der $Bed\"{u}rfnisbefriedigung$ nachfolgende Lebensnot. Ein $vern\"{u}nftiges$ $haush\"{a}lterisches$ Handeln mu${\beta}$ deshalb zwei Kriterien $erf\"{u}llen$: 1. Knappe Mittel $m\"{u}ssen$ den $h\"{o}chsten$ Nutzen bringen. 2. Der Nutzeffekt mu${\beta}$ die $pers\"{o}nliche$, menschliche Lebensot optimal abzuwenden. An Hand dieser beidenparameter kann das $haush\"{a}lterische$ Handeln objektiv und mit wiss-enschaftlichen Methoden $\"{u}berpr\"{u}ft$, beurteilt und korrigiert werden.