• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes, blood pressure, and biochemical values and lipid profile in blood according to smoking status. Subjects were recruited from Korean adult men, which included non-smoker (n=47), smoker (n=58), and ex- smoker (n=44) . Anthropometrical measurement, blood pressure measurement, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and blood collection and analysis were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subject were 54.7 years, 165.8 cm, 67.3 kg, and $24.5\;kg/m^2 $, respectively. There was no significant difference in general characteristics among three groups. The mean daily intakes of energy and protein were 1740.9 kcal and 69.6 g. The daily folate intake of the smoker was significantly lower than that of the non- smoker or ex-smoker. However, cholesterol intake of the smoker was significantly higher than two groups. The daily total food intake was 1250.0 g for non-smoker, 1180.1 g for smoker, and 1237.5 g for ex-smoker. The mushrooms intake in the smoker was significantly lower than that in the ex - smoker. However, eggs intake of the smoker was significantly higher than two groups. The RBC count and serum GOT/GPT of the subjects were $4598.2\times1000/mm^3$ and 27.3/27.3 U/L. The WBC count, hematocrit and hemoglobin of the smoker were significantly higher than those of the non-smoker and ex-smoker. Blood pressure and serum lipids of the subjects were 128.3/75.5 mmHg for SBP/DBP, 180.2 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 mg/dL for triglyceride, 41.5 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol, 106.5 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 for atherogenic index. Especially serum triglyceride of smoker was significantly higher than that of non-smoker. The above results revealed that some nutrient intakes, such as folate and cholesterol, and hematological findings, and serum triglyceride of the smoker were different from non-smoker. However, these differences were recovered to non-smoking status by prohibition of smoking. Therefore, in order to stop smoking, the effect of smoking on nutritional and health status should be informed to smoker and more systematic study should be conducted.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1998

Spawning inducement of striped knife-jaw, Oplegnathus fasciathus, was attempted by two experiments. In experiment I (Exp. I), water temperature was gradually increased from 14.5$^{\circ}C$ in December 15, 1996 to $21.0^{\circ}C.$ in February 22, `997 and then maintained at this level. Photo-period was also gradually increased from 10.5L/13.5D in December 15, 1996 to 15.5L/8.5D in February 17, 1997, and then maintained at this level. In experiment II (Exp. II), water temperature was increased in the same way from Exp. I. Photoperiod was natural conditions from December 1996 to March 9, 1997, and then suddenly increased to 15.5L/8.5D until the end of experimental period. Spawning of the fish was occurred from February 22 through April 2, 1997 (for 40 days) in Exp. I. Number of total spawned eggs was 30.04 million and fertilization rate was 77.2%. The fish began to spawn at $21.0^{\circ}C.$ and 15.5L/8.5D. It requied 65 days to spawn since the water temperature had increased from $14.5^{\circ}C.$ to $21.0^{\circ}C.$. Spawning of the fish was not occurred until March 9, 1997 in Exp. II. After 7 days, photo-period was suddenly incresed to 15.5L/8.5D and fish were spawned from March 17 through April 4, 1997 (for 20 days). Number of total spawned eggs was 21.28 million and fertilization rate was 72.1%. The fish began to spawn at $21.0^{\circ}C$ and 15.5L/8.5D. It required 65 days to spawning since the water temperature had increased from $14.5^{\circ}C$ to $21.0^{\circ}C$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 1998

Background: Cell mediated immune response mediated by interaction between CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophagies is thought to play an important role in tuberculous pleurisy. This interaction is dependent on the interplay of various cytokines. The immunologic response of tuberculous pleurisy is thought to depend on the balance between helper T cell(Th1) cytokine Interleukin-12, Interferon gamma and Th2 cytokine IL-4, IL-10. To understand immunologic mechanism in tuberculous pleurisy and evaluate diagnostic value of these cytokines, the concentrations of Th1 cytokine IL-12, IFN -$\gamma$ and Th2 cytokine IL-10 were measured in tuberculous pleurisy and malignant pleural effusion group. Material and Methods: The concentrations of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ were measured by ELISA method in pleural fluids and serums of 20 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 20 patients with malignant pleural effusion ADA activities were measured by spetrophotomery in pleural fluids of both groups. Results: In tuberculous pleurisy, the mean concentrations of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ of pleural fluids showed $121.3{\pm}83.7$ pg/mL, $571.4{\pm}472.7$ pg/mL and $420.4{\pm}285.9$ pg/mL. These were significantly higher than that of serum, $21.2{\pm}60.9$ pg/mL, 194.5 pg/mL, $30.1{\pm}18.3$ pg/mL respectively(p< 0.01). In malignant pleural effusion, the mean concentrations of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ of pleural fluids showed $88.4{\pm}40.4$ pg/mL, $306.5{\pm}271.1$ pg/mL and $30.5{\pm}54.8$ pg/mL respectively. Compared with that of serum ($43.4{\pm}67.2$ pg/mL, $206.8{\pm}160.6$ pg/mL, $14.6{\pm}3.3$ pg/mL), only IL-10 was significantly higher (p<0.001), but IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$ were not significant. In tuberculous pleural effusion compared with malignant pleural effusion, the concentration of IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, ADA were significantly higher (p=value 0.046, <0.001, <0.001), but IL-10 was not significant. For differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy from malignant pleural effusion, using cut-off value of IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, ADA as 300 pg/mL. 100 pg/mL, 45 U/L, the sensitivity/specificity were 60%/70%, 90%/87.5%, 85%/90% respectively. Conclusion: In tuberculous pleurisy, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ were selectively concentrated highly in pleural space than serum. Compared with malignant pleural effusion, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ were significantly higher, but IL-10 were not in tuberculous pleural effusion. The results suggest that Th1 pathway contributes to immune resistant mechanism in tuberculous pleurisy. IFN-$\gamma$ and ADA revealed useful methods of differential diagnosis in tuberculous pleurisy from malignant pleural effusion.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2000

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde-5-Nitro-pyridylhydrazone (2HB-5NPH) was synthesized and its application in the spectrophotometric determination of vanadium ion(IV) was studied in the presence of surfactant. The optimum conditions of pH, solvent effect, concentration of ligand and surfactant were evaluated. The procedure was applied to determination of vanadium (IV) in mixture sample and real sample with satisfactory results (recovery ${\geq}$ 97% ; relative standard deviation ${\leq}$ 3.0% in the concentration range of $0{\sim}1.5{\mu}g/mL$ ; detection limit, $0.02{\mu}g/mL$ in solution).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.367-378
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• 1994

The wastewater treatment characteristics of the fluidized bed filled with sand media and intermediately aerated were studied experimentally, and the obtained results were as follows; 1. The formations of biofilm on the media were greatly affected by the recirculation velocities. 2. Under the experimental condition that BOD loading rate was $4.2kg-BOD_5/m^3{\cdot}d$, the optimum media concentration was $261kg/m^3$ and the optimum recirculation velocity 1.35 cm/sec. 3. For the effluent quality of 20 mg-BOD/l and 20 mg-SS/l, the maximum allowable loading rate was about $8kg-BOD_5/m^3{\cdot}d$. 4. The dry density of biofilm was about 5.6% regardless of the filled media quantities and recirculation velocities. 5. Under the experimental conditions, the effluent solids concentration was below 20 mg/l, and the elimination of final clarifier can be expected.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1409-1412
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• 1999

The spectrophotometric determination method of scandium with eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) and the composition ratio of the complex were investigated in the presence of surfactants. A volume of 5 mL of 1.0×$10^{-3}$ M ECR and 10 mL of 2.0×$10^{-4}$ M CTMAB are necessary for the determination of 1.0×$10 ^{-7}$ ~ 3.0×$10^{-6}$ M Sc(III) at pH 6.5. The apparent molar absorption coefficient of the Sc(III)-ECR-CTMAB, ternary complex at 610 nm is 5.6×$10^5$ $mol^{-1}cm{-1}$L and its detection limit is 1.0×$10^{-7}$ M. Separation studies were conducted by the column method. The effect of pH, elution solution and the influence of rare earth elements as interferents was discussed. Their separation was carried out in 0.1 M HCl-50% methanol solution and 1.0 M HCl media. The method was applied for the determination of Sc(III) in monazite.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

In order to investigate the effect of inhibitors on L-threonine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, we have constructed a metabolic network model of amino acid biosynthesis from L-aspartate to L-threonine by using available informations from literatures and databases. In the model, the effects of inhibitors on the biosynthesis of L-threonine was included as an appropriate mathematical form. For simulation study, we used initial values as L-aspartate 5 mM, ATP 5 mM, NADPH 2 mM, and observed the concentration changes of intermediate metabolites over concentration changes of respective inhibitors. As a result, we found that concentrations of intermediate metabolites were not significantly changed over concentration changes of L-lysine, L-methionine, and L-glutamate. But, there were considerable changes of intermediates over concentration changes of L-serine, L-cysteine, and L-threonine, which can be considered as essential effectors on L-threonine synthesis. Contrary, the synthesis of L-threonine seems to be not related to the amounts of L-aspartate, and inversely proportional to the accumulated amount of D,L-aspartic ${\beta}$-semialdehyde.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2001

Water environment and freshwater algae were studied in the upstream of the Tamjin River Dam. Among the environmental factors, DO concentration in the Tamjin River ranged from 9.0 mg $O_2/l$ to 9.2 mg $O_2/l$, pH from 7.0 to 7.1 and conductivity from $98{\mu}S/cm$ to $100{\mu}S/cm$. Average concentration of $NH_4$ and $NO_3$ ranged from $40{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $56{\mu}g\;N/l$ and from $489{\mu}g\;N/l$ to $611{\mu}g\;N/l$, respectively. $NO_3$ was more plentiful above 9~15 fold than that of $NH_4$. Average concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble reactive silicon were $2{\mu}g\;P/l$ and 1.6 mg Si/l, respectively. Particulaly, Si nutrient increased by heavy rain events during summer season. The ratios of N/P and Si/P ranged from 248 to 261 and from 640 to 740, respectively. It is assumed that P would be limiting nutrient on the freshwater algal growth. Average content of planktonic chlorophyll-a ranged from $5{\mu}g/l$ to $13{\mu}g/l$. Mean contents of chlorophyll-a, phaeo-pigment and ash-free dry matter of periphyton were $50.3mg/m^2$, $11.9mg/m^2$, $11.5g/m^2$ in the main stream and $30.1mg/m^2$, $5.6mg/m^2$, $7.8g/m^2$ in the tributary. By comparison of the epilithon biomass, the main stream was higher with 1.5~2.1 fold than the tributary. The impotant algae were composed of diatom Achnanthes linearis, A. minutissima, Fragilaria crotonensis, Gomphonema gracile, Tabellaria flocculosa and blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa. In the relative abundance of the phytoplankton and epilithon, the serial dominance were diatom > green algae > blue-green algae, and diatoms were very abundant in comparison with other algal phylum.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.900-910
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of colchicine and oryzalin in inducing polyploidy in two Cymbidium hybrids [Showgirl 'Silky' and Mystery Island 'Silk Road' (Silk Road-4)]. Colchicine was used at concentrations ranging from 50 to $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, with treatments lasting 1 to 3 weeks. Oryzalin was used at concentrations ranging from 3 to $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, with treatments lasting 3 to 6 days or 1 to 3 weeks. The survival rate of PLBs was better in colchicine than in oryzalin solutions. The ploidy levels were screened using flow cytometry. In C. Showgirl 'Silky', the highest chromosome doubling efficiencies were obtained with the 1-week treatment in $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ colchicine (60%) and the 2-week treatment in $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ oryzalin (46.7%). In C. Mystery Island 'Silk Road' (Silk Road-4), the highest chromosome doubling efficiencies were obtained with the 1-week treatment in $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ colchicine (16.7%) and the 3-day treatment in $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ oryzalin (6.7%). Colchicine was more efficient than oryzalin in terms of polyploidy induction. Furthermore, pre-treatment, which entailed poking 10 times with forceps, improved the efficiency of chromosome doubling.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2013

This study investigated that anti-browning effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract and L-cysteine combination. Mushrooms were dipped in solutions (0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine) for 3 min. The dipped mushrooms were packaged in a polystyrene (PS) tray and wrapped with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, and stored for 14 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The browning inhibition activity (Hunter L, a, b color scale and tyrosinase inhibition activity) and quality changes (weight loss rate, gas composition, firmness and sensory evaluation) were analyzed during storage period. After 14 days, the Hunter L and ${\Delta}E$ value of mushrooms treated in 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were 87.24 and 5.56, respectively. The mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine also showed higher firmness (13.31 N) and smaller weight loss rate (2.87%) than the untreated mushroom (11.42 N, 3.04%) on storage day 14. During storage period, the sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine were higher than those of the untreated mushrooms, except those that were stored for five days. Overall, the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine had a higher tyrosinase inhibition activity than the untreated mushrooms during storage period. This study suggests that the browning of the mushrooms treated with 0.1% Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba extract containing 0.05% L-cysteine solution were inhibited, and the that their shelf life was extended.