• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.4592-4598
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• 1978

The purpose of this research is to find out mathemetically an economical intake water depth in the design of head works through the derivation of some formulas. For the performance of the purpose the following formulas were found out for the design intake water depth in each flow type of intake sluice, such as overflow type and orifice type. (1) The conditional equations of !he economical intake water depth in .case that weir body is placed on permeable soil layer ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } { Cp}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61) { ( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{- { 1} over {2 } }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { dcp}_{3 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ] =0}}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } C { p}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61)}}}} {{{{ { ({d }_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{ - { 1} over {2 } }- { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{ 6} { { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{ 2}m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L }}}} {{{{+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 } L+dC { p}_{4 }L+(2 { z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 }]=0 }}}} where, z=outer slope of weir body (value of cotangent), h1=intake water depth (m), L=total length of weir (m), C=Bligh's creep ratio, q=flood discharge overflowing weir crest per unit length of weir (m3/sec/m), d0=average height to intake sill elevation in weir (m), h0=freeboard of weir (m), Q1=design irrigation requirements (m3/sec), m1=coefficient of head loss (0.9∼0.95) s=(h1-h2)/h1, h2=flow water depth outside intake sluice gate (m), b=width of weir crest (m), r=specific weight of weir materials, d=depth of cutting along seepage length under the weir (m), n=number of side contraction, k=coefficient of side contraction loss (0.02∼0.04), m2=coefficient of discharge (0.7∼0.9) m'=h0/h1, h0=open height of gate (m), p1 and p4=unit price of weir body and of excavation of weir site, respectively (won/㎥), p2 and p3=unit price of construction form and of revetment for protection of downstream riverbed, respectively (won/㎡), p5 and p6=average cost per unit width of intake sluice including cost of intake canal having the same one as width of the sluice in case of overflow type and orifice type respectively (won/m), zo : inner slope of section area in intake canal from its beginning point to its changing point to ordinary flow section, m: coefficient concerning the mean width of intak canal site,a : freeboard of intake canal. (2) The conditional equations of the economical intake water depth in case that weir body is built on the foundation of rock bed ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0 }}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{6 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{2 }m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0}}}} The construction cost of weir cut-off and revetment on outside slope of leeve, and the damages suffered from inundation in upstream area were not included in the process of deriving the above conditional equations, but it is true that magnitude of intake water depth influences somewhat on the cost and damages. Therefore, in applying the above equations the fact that should not be over looked is that the design value of intake water depth to be adopted should not be more largely determined than the value of h1 satisfying the above formulas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Purpose : To offer coupled motion caused by sidebending in the extension postures in lumbar spine in the football, baseball players and general students. Method : Coupled motion were analysed by three dimensional motion analyser in the sitting position during lateral bending. Result : Regardless of the direction of sidebending at L1-L3, L5-S2 in the extension posture of the lumbar spine, the direction of coupled motion in the baseball and football players were opposite to the direction of sidebending but the direction of coupled motion was same at L3-L5. while, the direction of sidebending at L1-L3, L3-L5 in the extension posture of the lumbar spine, the direction of coupled motion in the general students were same to the direction of sidebending but, the direction of coupled motion was opposite direction at L5-S2. Conclusion : we found a difference of coupled motion between athletes and non-athletes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

We examined the dyeability and antimicrobial activity of silks dyed singly with Sophora japonica L., Curcuma longa L., combination-dyed with Polygonum tinctorium L. and Sophora japonica L., and with Polygonum tinctorium L. and Curcuma longa L.. The color of silk dyed singly with Sophora japonica L., Curcuma longa L. was Yellow with Hue of 5.0Y and 0.6Y, respectively. Two types of combination-dyed silk were Blue Green with 2.6BG and 1.5BG, respectively. In the case of dry Cleaning fastness and rub fastness, all four types of dyed silk was good, achieving grade 4~5. The antimicrobial activity of Staphylococcus aureus of silk dyed with Sophora japonica L. extract showed excellent antibacterial activity of 99.5% and the other three types of dyed silk of 99.9%. In addition, in antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, silk dyed with Sophora japonica L. extract showed 99.6%, and the other three types of dyed silk exhibited excellent antibacterial properties of 99.9%.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

Normal soybean seed contains three lipoxygenase isozymes called L-1, L-2, and L-3, respectively, which are responsible for the generation of undesirable grassy-beany flavors. Simple and effective methods for the detection of lipoxygenase isozymes were developed in soybean seeds. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been tried in separating these isozymes. It was done effectively on 7.5% separating gel and 4.5% stacking gel. However, no reliable method has been developed specifically for separating L-3, L-13 and L-23. Visual judging methods were based on the bleaching activities of lipoxygenase in contact with methylene blue and ${\beta}$-carotene. Sodium linoleate bleaching method was adopted to determine L-1 and L-2. Carotene bleaching and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine L-3. These systems were very rapid within one minute, furthermore only required a small piece of cotyledon (below 10 mg) and the other part could be used for generation advance after analysis. It was demonstrated that 200 seed samples could be analyzed per day by one laboratory assistant. The combination of visual judging methods and electrophoresis is suitable for breeding programs. It took 6.5 hours for analysis of 100 seed samples by one person.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1995

5-methyltryptophan（5MT） resistant mutant plants （MRl） were analyzed for characterization of anthranilate synthetase （AS） and tryptophan synthetase （TS） enzymes. The enzyme was measured in crude extracts from MR1 and control seedlings of Danggin inbred line. There was no significant difference in the level of AS between MR1 and control seedlings when grown on MS medium without 5MT. However, MR1 seedlings grown on MS medium with 25mg/L 5MT showed the level of AS twice higher than that of control seedlings. The activity of AS was inhibited to 50％ in untreated plants when 4mg /L L-tryptophan was added to their extracts. Extracts from MR1 plants required about four times higher concentration of amino acid to cause equal inhibition. In the TS assay, the activity observed in MR1 seedlings was four times higher than that of control seedlings. We have also isolated and sequenced the gene which encoding the tryptophan synthetase B subunit （TSB） from maize. The gene encodes polypeptides with high homology to TSB isolated from other plants, and is expressed in all the developmental stages examined. Northern hybridization analysis indicated that the gene expression in MR1 seedlings grown on MS medium showed a higher level than in control seedlings.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2002

Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 cells were immobilized in an asymmetric hollow fiber bioreactor for application to the continuous production of succinic acid. The media was fed into shell-side of the module using a peristaltic pump, and the products were collected through lumen-side outlet. The number of hollow fibers within the module did not affect the bioreactor efficiency in the transverse operated hollow fiber bioreactor. The steady state at the outlet of hollow fiber bioreactor was reached after 24 hr cultivation at flow rate of 0.25 mL/mim, 12 hr at 0.5 L/min, and 9 hr at 1.0 mL/mm, respectively. The succinate and fumarate concentrations within the hollow fiber bioreactor, however, were as changeful as increasing the flow rate. During continuous operation with the flow rates between 0.5 and 2.0 mL, the productivity of succinate was 8.0-10.9 g/L $.$ hr at 30 g/L fumarate, 4.9-14.9 g/L hr at 50 g/L fumarate, and 7.2-17.1 g/L hr at 80 galL fumarate, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2005

To obtain regeneration system of onion, we analyzed the effects of 2,4-D and BA concentration on the embryogenic callus induction from mature embryos. The highest embryogenic callus induction ratio was shown on MS medium (Murashie and Skoog 1962) containing $2.5\;\cal{mg/L}\;or\;5\;\cal{mg/L}$ picloram after mature embryos were placed on medium. When induced callus were cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, the highest shoot formation ratio was observed on MS medium containing $1\;{mg/L}$ 2,4-D and $1\;{mg/L}$ BA. Embryogenic callus were cultured in MS liquid medium containing $1\;\ccal{mg/L}$ of 2,4-D and $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ BA. The suspension cultured cell clumps could be mass propagated. Embryogenic callus were friable, but non-embryogenic callus included a lot of moisture, hence the identification between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus as easily achieved. When embryogenic callus as cultured on half strength of MS medium containing $1\;\cal{mg/L}$ Kinetin, shoots were induced. The whole plantlet was obtained on rooting medium containing $0.5\;\cal{mg/}$ of NAA.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-245
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• 2017

Lactic acid fermentation of Flammulina velutipes (FV) powder was optimized to produce higher content of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA). FV powder (10%) was fermented with 0.5% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 5% mono sodium-L-glutamate (MSG) by Lactobacillus plantarum EJ2014 for 5 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The pH decreased from 6.1 to 4.4 for first 2 days after then increased to 6.2 for following 5 days. While the acidity increased from 0.5% to 1.3% for 2 days, after then decreased to 0.4% for 5 days. Viable cell count showed higher value of $2.2{\times}10^9CFU/mL$ after fermentation for 5 days. In particular, 3.54% MSG as a substrate was completely utilized during lactic acid fermentation, indicating higher 2.31% GABA content. The fermented FV powder showed higher antioxidant properties than that of un-fermented FV power. $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 1.11 mg/mL and 2.58 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusively, natural fermented seasoning from the lactic acid fermentation of 30g of FV powder and 1 g of roasted wheat bran could provide the functional ingredients with 17% GABA, probiotics and dietary fiber, which is used for health food and functional seasoning.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2003

This research was concentrated to Investigate the effects of Insumon as a newly developed dietary supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes. The average glycated hemoglobin level was dropped from 7.0${\pm}$1.1％ to 6.7${\pm}$0.9％ after 8 weeks with statistic significance (p＝0.0202). For patients of HbA1c over 7％, the average HbA1c significantly decreased from 8.1${\pm}$0.8％ to 7.5${\pm}$0.8％ (p＝0.0171). The average fasting blood glucose level was decreased significantly from 9.5${\pm}$1.2 mmol/L (171.6${\pm}$22.3 mg/dL) to 8.5${\pm}$1.5 mmol/L (152.3${\pm}$26.3 mg/dL) (p=0.0262) after 4 weeks and to 8.8${\pm}$1.5 mmol/L (158.3${\pm}$24.1 mg/dL) (p=0.0445) after 8 weeks in the group of patients of FBG of over 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL). The average HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly after 8 weeks from 1.2${\pm}$0.2 mmol/L (46.5${\pm}$8.6 mg/dL) to 1.3${\pm}$0.3 mmol/L (51.6${\pm}$10.9 mg/dL) (p=0.0007). Thus, these results suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes might benefit by Insumon as a herbal dietary supplement without any serious side effects.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on the vase life of cut rose 'Beast' (Rosa hybrida L.). Postharvest treatments to extend the vase life of cut roses were divided into two: holding solution treatment and pulsing solution treatment. In holding solution treatment, the cut roses were treated with preservative solutions containing tap water (TW, control), distilled water (DW), $ClO_2$ 2, 4, 6, and $8{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and compared with a commercialized antimicrobial compound of 8-HQS $200{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In pulsing solution treatment, cut roses were dipped into the $ClO_2$ solutions of 50, 100, 150, 200, and $250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 60 seconds and were placed in DW. The air temperature was $18.4^{\circ}C$, RH 51.5%, and light (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) $3.6{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ with 12 hour day length. The longest vase life of cut roses was observed in the holding solution with $ClO_2$ $4{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 13.8 days and pulsing with $200-250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ as 13.5-13.7 days, where vase life were extended four days longer than TW. Whereas, the inclusion of 8-HQS $200{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in vase solution resulted in phytotoxicity. The relative fresh weight and water uptake have similar tendencies. Bacteria inhibition by $ClO_2$ and 8-HQS were very effective. But bacteria at TW and DW treatments on cut flower with stem were detected in $3.7{\times}10^5CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $6.3{\times}10^5CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively (without stem in DW $1.4{\times}10^4CFU{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The $ClO_2$ contents in holding solution of all treatments were scavenged in two-four days after treatment. This study indicated that $ClO_2$ $4{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ holding solution treatment and $200-250{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ pulsing solution treatment can be applied to extend the postharvest life of cut roses.