• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.526-531
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• 1986

The stability constants of 1,15-diaza-3,4:12,13-dibenzo-5,8,11-trioxacycloheptadecane (NenOdien H$_4$, L) with transition metal ions such as $Co^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$ have been determined by potentiometry in 95% methanol solution at 25$^{\circ}$C. The complex formation of the NenOdien $_4$ with the transition metal ions depends on the basicity of the donor atoms. The order of complex stability was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II). The geometries of the complexes in solid state were discussed by visible-near infrared and infrared spectrophotometry, elemental analysis and electro-conductivity. The results suggest that the geometries of the solid complexes are octahedral for $[CoL_2(OH_2)Cl]Cl{\cdot}2H_2O$, $[NiL_2(OH_2)Cl]Cl{\cdot}2H_2O$, and $[ZnLCl_2]{\cdot}\frac{1}{2}H_2O$ and square pyramidal for [CuLCl]Cl, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1989

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2009

Octachlorostyrene (OCS) is a persistant and bioaccumulative toxic subtance (PBTs). In this study, acute toxicity tests on algae, daphnia and fish for octachlorostyrene and its isomers were done to determine effective concentration ($EC_{50}$), Lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$), no observed effect concentration (NOEC) or lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). As a result, NOEC on algae growth inhibition test for octacholorostyrene and 2-, 3-chlorostyrene was determined as $0.50\;mg\;L^{-1}$, and NOEC for 4-chlorostyrene was determined as $0.13\;mg\;L^{-1}$. NOEC on daphnia, acute immobilisation test for octachlorostyrene and 2-, 3-chlorostyrene was determined as $5.00\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $EC_{50}$ for 4-chlorostyrene was determined as $2.128\;mg\;L^{-1}$. NOEC on Oryzias Latipes, acute toxicity test for octachlorostyrene was determined as $80.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and NOEC for 2-, 3-chlorostyrene was determined as $60.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$. $LC_{50}$ for 4-chlorostyrene was determined as $39.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$ (48h) and $22.6\;mg\;L^{-1}$ (96h).

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2024

Various structures of navigation messages in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals can be categorized into fixed, packetized, and mixed types, each with different broadcast intervals and sequences. In the fixed format, the broadcast intervals and sequences of navigation messages of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 C/A and BDS B1I are strictly defined in the Interface Control Document (ICD). Navigation messages of GPS L2C, L5, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) L2C, L5, and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B1C are in a packetized format, and their broadcast sequence is not explicitly specified in the ICD; only the maximum broadcast intervals are described. In the mixed format, signals such as GPS L1C, QZSS L1 C/A, L1C, and BDS B2a exhibit both fixed and packetized patterns. Sequences of certain parts of the message are not defined. Therefore, in this study, experimental-based investigations were additionally conducted alongside an ICD investigation to analyze the current broadcast intervals and sequences of GNSS navigation messages.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2001

The complex [NiL₃]Cl₂·3H₂O (1) (L=trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The compound 1 crystallizes in the cubic space group P2₁3, with a=13.830(1) Å, V=2645.9(2) ų, Z=4, R₁(wR₂) for 1500 observed reflections of [I> 2σ(I)] was 0.0766 (0.2068).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 2006

Twenty six strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Jeung-pyun batter, among which Tetragenococcus halophilus 1-12 showed highest dextransucrase activity at 36.95 DSU/mg, followed by T. halophilus 5-8 (36.87 DSU/mg protein), T. halophilus 2-12 (32.66 DSU/mg protein), T. halophilus 3-3 (31.43 DSU/mg protein), T. halophilus 3-1 (30.73 DSU/mg protein), T. halophilus 5-12 (29.43 DSU/mg protein), and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9 (28.5 DSU/mg protein). L. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9, T. halophilus 1-12, and L. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13, were selected as starters (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) for Jeung-pyun manufacturing. Specific volume of Jeung-pyun added with 1.0% L. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 was highest at 2.00, and 1.0% T. halophilus 1-12-added Jeung-pyun was lowest at 033. Cross-sectional observation of Jeung-pyun showed Jeung-pyun added with 0.5% L. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9 was uniformly formed. Number of air holes of Jeung-pyun increased with increasing amount of added T. halophilus 1-12. Increasing addition of L. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 resulted in more uniform air holes and volumes. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of Jeung-pyun added with 0.5 and 2.0% L. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 decreased significantly in compasion to control groups. Jeung-pyun added with 0.5% L. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 showed excelIent overall sensory desirability ranking of 8.500.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1978

Changes in contents of general components of comfrey cultured in Korea were experimented and amino acids were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (T.L.C.) and gas chromatography (G.L.C.). The results obtained were as follows; 1. General components of comfrey such as moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber and total ash were 13.20, 2.22, 22.30, 37.62, 9.38 and 15.06%. respectively, after 60 days growth. 2. The root of comfrey after 60 days contained 6.03% of alanine, 2.24% valine, 10.77% arginine, 2.96% glycine, 4.08% histidine. 1.54% isoleucine, 0.58% cystein, 1.72% methionine, 7.55% aspartic acid, 7.81% glutamic acid and 4.65% lysine in the gas chromatographic analysis of amino acid composition 3. The crude protein was decreased after 60 days of growth whereas the contents of carbohydrate, crude fiber and total ash were increased. 4. The total amount of amino acids in root was greater than that in leaf of comfrey.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

In this study, biochemical methane potential test was conducted to estimate ultimate methane and carbon dioxide yield for anaerobic digestion and pretreatment with sewage sludge cake. Two of 0.2 % TS of sewage sludge cakes were treated with 5M NaOH or sonication of 0.51 W/mL during 30 min respectively. Another sample was treated simultaneously with NaOH and sonication in same condition. Then, initial soluble COD increased from 33.1 mg/L to 494 mg/L. After BMP test, methane production ranged from 3.12 and 84.2 mL $CH_4$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) and 9.2 and 13.5 mL $CO_2$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) for carbon dioxide. In other tests, injection of nutrient media or sludge supernatant produced 73.1 and 73.8 mL $CH_4$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) and 11.2 and 13.6 mL $CO_2$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) respectively. When BMP test finished, 62 % of initial volatile solids decreased to 33.8~45.4 %. Simultaneous pretreatment increased soluble COD, reduction rate of volatile solids and digestion efficiency than those for alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

Optimal conditions for preparation of starch/PVA blends were investigated with the consideration of factors that may influence mechanical properties of the blends. $L_{27}(3^{13})$ experimental designs based on Taguchi method were performed and then tensile strength, strain at break, Young's modulus and tear strength of films of the blends were measured to determine the optimal conditions for preparation. Interaction effects for each factor were determined from analysis of variables. Results of $L_{27}(3^{13})$ experiments indicated that glycerol and urea were important process factors affecting optimization of the mechanical properties.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.4 s.49
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• pp.212-216
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to investigate the penetration velocity and diffusion ability of methyl bromide fumigants under the condition of natural gravity, and the effect of in control of yellow corn in the vortical silo. The results were as fallows 1. The methyl bromide remainded concentration on the surface of the vertical silo was rapidly reduced from over 100mg/l to under 20mg/l, within 2 hours after supplying methyl bromide fumigant 2. Even 3m depth place from the surface of the vertical silo filled with yellolw corn was well penetrated within 30 minutes, but its remained methyl bromide gas was reduced gradually from over 100mg/l to 30mg/l after 12 hours duration. 5. In case of 13m place tile penetration ability of methyl bromide was over 100mg/l within one hour and kept the same concentration of it for 12 hours, its remainded methyl bromide preserved over 40mg/l until 48 duration time. 4. Less methyl bromide gas was detected at the bottom place than 3m and 13m depth of the vertical silo. It showed bellow 20mg/l of methyl bromide gas only through the whole duration time. 5. Comparing to the vertical penetration velocity of mehtyl bromide gas, the horizontal diffusion ability was not so good. Therefore, remained methyl bromide gas of 3m depth at the wall side of silo was about half than that of center circle where the nearer place from the methyl bromide supplying point, and the methyl bromide gas of 13m depth placed center circle was detected about 15 to 20 times than that of wall side. 6. For the purpose of examining the mortality of methyl bromide, the testing insects (Lesser Rice weevil and confused flour beetle) placed on the surface and bottom side of the silo were killed completely after 24 hrs fumigation, and the same results showed also at the 3m, 7m and 13m depth after 48 hrs fumigation.