• BMB Reports
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 1998

A bifunctional catalase-peroxidase, designated catalase-2, of a UV resistant Deinococcus radiophilus was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by both chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. Its molecular weight was 310 kDa and composed of a tetramer of 80 kDa subunits. The catalase-2 exerted its optimal activity at $30^{\circ}C$ and around pH 9. Its $K_m$ value for $H_{2}0_{2} $ was about 10 mM. It showed the typical ferric heme spectrum with maximum absorption at 403 nm which shifted to 419 nm in the presence of cyanide. The ratio of A40i' A2S0 was 0.48. Fifty percent inhibition of the enzyme activity was observed at $4.6{\times}10^{-6}$, $7.7{\times}10^{-6}$, and $3.0{\times}10^{-6}$ M of NaCN, $NaN_3$, and $NH_{2}OH$, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable and not sensitive to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Treatment of the enzyme with ethanol-chloroform caused a partial loss (30%) of its activity. The catalase-2 was distinct from the Deinococcal bifunctional catalase-3 in a number of properties, particularly in its molecular structure and substrate affinity.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1995

Deinococcus radiophilus, an UV resistant bacterium seemed to contain three issoenzymes of catalase. Among them, the samllest and most abundant species in cell-free extract, catalase-3 which also exhibited peroxidase activity was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (145-fold purification) by chromatographic procedures. Its molecular weight was 155 kDa composed of four 38 kDa subunits. The $K_{m}$ value of catalase-3 for H$\_$2/O$\_$2/ was approximately 0.5 mM. This enzyme showed a typical ferric heme spectrum with maximum absorption at 405 nm. Upon binding to cyanide, the 405 nm peak shifted to 420 nm. Catalase-3 was very sensitive to inhibitors of heme proteins, such as cyanide, azide and hydroxylamine. A ratio of A$\_$405/A$\_$28O/ was 0.5 Catalase-3 was active over a wide range of pH, between pH 7 and 10. The enzyme was rather heat-labile and partially sensitive to edthanol-chloroform treatment, but resistant to 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole. Catalase-3 of D. radiophilus, which is a bifunction catalatic peroxidatic enzyme seemed to share certain molecular properties with the typical catalase and the catalase-[roxidase along with its own unique features.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4180-4184
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• 2012

The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1356-1364
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• 2014

A new conjugated copolymer, poly{4,8-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-4,7- bis(5-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(heptadecan-9-yl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole} (PTIPSBDT-DFDTBTz), is synthesized by Stille coupling polycondensation. The synthesized polymer has a band gap energy of 1.9 eV, and it absorbs light in the range 300-610 nm. The hole mobility of a solution-processed organic thin-film transistor fabricated using PTIPSBDT-DFDTBTz is $3.8{\times}10^{-3}cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells are fabricated, with a conventional device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:$PC_{71}BM$/Ca/Al ($PC_{71}BM$ = [6,6]-phenyl-$C_{71}$-butyric acid methyl ester); the device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.86% with an open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) of 0.85 V, a short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) of 7.60 mA $cm^{-2}$, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.44. Inverted photovoltaic cells with the structure ITO/ethoxylated polyethlyenimine/ polymer:$PC_{71}BM/MoO_3$/Ag are also fabricated; the device exhibits a maximum PCE of 2.92%, with a $V_{oc}$ of 0.89 V, a $J_{sc}$ of 6.81 mA $cm^{-2}$, and an FF of 0.48.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2019

Chemicals related to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and nitric oxide (NO) generations were exogenously applied to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) causing Fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants, and regulations of in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of the fungus by the chemical treatments were evaluated. $H_2O_2$ drastically reduced the conidial germination of Fof in a dose-dependent manner, and treatment with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) catalase inhibitor also led to dose-dependent inhibition of conidial germination but relatively moderately. Gradual decreases in mycelial growth of Fof were found by high concentrations of $H_2O_2$, whilst exogenous 3-AT slightly increased the mycelial growth. Increasing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NO donor, $N^G$-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) NO synthase (NOS)-inhibitor and tungstate nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor led to dose-dependent reductions in conidial germination of Fof in quite different levels. SNP conversely increased the mycelial growth but increasing L-NAME moderately decreased the mycelial growth. Tungstate strongly enhanced mycelial growth. Differentially regulated in vitro mycelial growths of Fof were demonstrated by SNP, L-NAME and tungstate with or without $H_2O_2$ supplement. Superoxide anion production was also regulated during the mycelial growth of Fof by nitric oxide. These results show that $H_2O_2$ and NO-associated enzymes can be suggested as fungal growth regulators of Fof as well as eco-friendly disease-managing agents in strawberry production fields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2007

In this study, an approx. 2.5-kb gene fragment including the catalase gene from Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 was cloned and characterized. The determination of the complete nucleotide sequence revealed that the cloned DNA fragment was organized into three open reading frames, designated as ORF1, catalase, and ORF3 in that order. The catalase gene consisted of 1,455 nucleotides and 484 amino acids, including the initiation and stop codons, and was located 326 bp upstream in the opposite direction of ORF1. The catalase was overproduced in Escherichia coli UM255, a catalase-deficient mutant, and then purified for the biochemical characterization of the enzyme. The purified catalase had an estimated molecular mass of 189 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits of 61 kDa. The enzyme exhibited activity over a broad pH range from pH 5.0 to pH 11.0 and temperature range from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$C. The catalase activity was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, cyanide, azide, and hydroxylamine. The enzyme's $K_m$ value and $V_{max}$ of the catalase for $H_2O_2$ were 21.8 mM and 39,960 U/mg, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the ratio of $A_{406}$ to $A_{280}$ for the catalase was 0.97, indicating the presence of a ferric component. The absorption spectrum of catalase-4 exhibited a Soret band at 406 nm, which is typical of a heme-containing catalase. Treatment of the enzyme with dithionite did not alter the spectral shape and revealed no peroxidase activity. The combined results of the gene sequence and biochemical characterization proved that the catalase cloned from strain S1 in this study was a typical monofunctional catalase, which differed from the other types of catalases found in strain S1.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2006

The photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum S1, when grown under anaerobic conditions, generated three different types of catalases. In this study, we purified and characterized the highest molecular weight catalase from the three catalases. The total specific catalase activity of the crude cell extracts was 88 U/mg. After the completion of the final purification step, the specific activity of the purified catalase was 1,256 U/mg. The purified catalase evidenced an estimated molecular mass of 318 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits, each of 79 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited an apparent Km value of 30.4 mM and a Vmax of 2,564 U against hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme also exhibited a broad optimal pH $(5.0{\sim}9.0)$, and remained stable over a broad temperature range $(20^{\circ}C{\sim}60^{\circ}C)$. It maintained 90% activity against organic solvents (ethanol/chloroform) known hydroperoxidase inhibitors, and exhibited no detectable peroxidase activity. The catalase activity of the purified enzyme was reduced to 19 % of full activity as the result of the administration of 10 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a heme-containing catalase inhibitor. Sodium cyanide, sodium azide, and hydroxylamine, all of which are known heme protein inhibitors, inhibited catalase activity by 50 % at concentrations of $11.5{\mu}M,\;0.52{\mu}M,\;and\;0.11{\mu}M$, respectively. In accordance with these findings, the enzyme was identified as a type of monofunctional catalase.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2020

Coix lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) is known to posses anti-microbial properties. Therefore, phytochemical compounds of C. lacryma-jobi have been studied to produce novel antimicrobial agents as treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the C. lacryma-jobi oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical composition of the oil was determined via gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Moreover, agar disk and agar well diffusion were employed to screen the antibacterial activity of the oil. An agar well diffusion test was implemented to determinate MIC's (minimum inhibitory concentrations). Dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropylester, 1,3-dioctanoin, N-methoxy-N-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran6-carboxamide, propanamide, 5-Amino-1-(quinolin-8-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, and pyridine were identified in the C. lacryma-jobi oil. The MIC value of the oil was 0.031 g/L and the MBC of the oil was 0.125 g/L effective in all test bacteria. Dodecanoic acid displayed inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, our research demonstrated C. lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) oil exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. These research suggest that C. lacryma-jobi root oil could be used for medicinal purposes; however clinical and in vivo tests must be performed to evaluate its potential as an antibacterial agent.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2005

목적: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)는 뇌종양 세포의 증식억제효과가 있으며, ATRA와 방사선의 병용은 악성 뇌종양의 치료 효과를 증진시키는 방법이 될 수 있다. 그러나 ATRA에 의해 항산화효소가 증가되며 이로 인해 방사선에 의해 생성된 reactive oxygen species (ROS)가 제거된다면 방사선의 효과는 낮아질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 ATRA에 의해 유도되는 카탈라제(catalase)에 의한 방사선감수성의 변화를 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 백서 교종세포(36B10)을 대상으로 ATRA 및 ATRA의 화학적 억제제인 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (ATZ) 와 병용하여 카탈라제 활성도, 방사선감수성 및 ROS의 변화를 측정하였다. 카탈라제 활성도는 $H_2O_2$의 소멸을 자외선 분광광도계로 측정하는 방법을 이용해 정량하였으며, 방사선감수성은 단일집락군형성능력으로, ROS 는 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate 를 분광광도계로 측정하였다. 결과: 카탈라제 활성도는 ATRA의 농도(10, 25, $50{\mu}M$)에 따라 증가하였다. ATRA ($10{\mu}M$)와 방사선(4 Gy)의 병용에 의해 생존분획은 상승적(supra-auditive)으로 감소하였으며, 이 감소된 생존분획은 ATZ 동시 투여에 의해 증가하였다. ATRA $10{\mu}M$ 또는 $25{\mu}M$을 48시간 처리 후 ROS는 대조군에 비해 각각 1.5배, 2배 증가하였고, 4 Gy와 ATRA의 병용군에서는 2.5배 증가하였다. ATRA와 방사선의 병용에 의해 증가된 ROS는 ATZ에 의해 감소되었다. 결론: ATRA에 의해 유도되는 카탈라제는 방사선감수성을 감소시키지 않으며, 오히려 ROS의 증가에 의해 방사선감수성을 상승시켰다. 따라서 ATRA와 방사선의 병용은 뇌종양의 치료에 유용한 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 1996

토양세균(土壤細菌)에 의한 myclobutanil의 분해력(分解力)과 그들의 분해특성(分解特性)을 구명(究明)하고자 농약무처리(農藥無處理) 토양(土壤)으로 부터 수종(數種)의 균주(菌株)를 분리고정(分離固定)하고 이들 세균(細菌)의 myclobutanil 분해력(分解力)과 myclobutanil에 대한 내성(耐性)을 조사(調査)하였으며, 분해능(分解能)이 비교적(比較的) 좋은 세균(細菌)에 대한 myclobutanil의 분해특성(分解特性), 즉 질소원(窒素源) 혹은 탄소원(炭素源)으로서의 myclobutanil이용성(利用性) 그리고 myclobutanil 반복처리(反覆處理), pH, 온도(溫度) 및 접종양(接種量)의 차이(差異)에 따른 myclobutanil의 분해(分解)와 세균증식(細菌增殖) 양상(樣相)을 조사(調査)하였다. 공시토양(供試土壤)으로 부터 분리(分離)하여 속(屬)까지 분류(分類)한 세균(細菌)은 그람양성세균(陽性細菌)이 Corynebaxterium속(屬), Listeria속(屬), Staphyloccus속(屬), Streptococcus속(屬) 등(等) 각(各) 1균주(菌株)씩이었고 그람음성세균(陰性細菌)로는 Actinobacillus속(屬) 3균주(菌株)와 Enterobacterium속(屬) 및 기타(其他) 속(屬) 각(各) 1균주(菌株)씩이었다. 이들 세균(細菌)들의 myclobutanil에 대한 생존력(生存力) 실험(實驗)에서 공시균주(供試菌株) 모두 55ppm까지는 왕성(旺盛)한 생육(生育)을 보였고, 70ppm 이상(以上)에서는 생육(生育)이 미약(微弱)하거나 부능(不能)이었다. 공시(供試) 균주(菌株)중 35% 이상(以上) myclobutanil 분해능력(分解能力)을 가진 세균(細菌)은 Staphyloccus속(屬) I, Actinobacillus속(屬) III 및 기타(其他) 속(屬) I이었고 이들 3균주(菌株)는 myclobutanil을 단일(單一) 질소원(窒素源) 또는 단일(單一) 탄소원(炭素源)으로 이용(利用)하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 3균주(菌株) 모두 myclobutanil을 1회처리(回處理)와 3회반복처리시(回反覆處理時) 신속(迅速)하게 분해(分解)하였고, 균(菌)의 생육(生育)은 반복처리(反覆處理)함에 따라 점점 증가(增加)되었다. 한편 상기(上記)한 3균주(菌株)의 myclobutanil분해률(分解率)과 균증식량(菌增殖量)은 pH 5.5에서 8.5로 높아질수록 그리고 접종양(接種量)이 많아질수록 증가(增加)하였고, 이 균주(菌株)들의 온도차이(溫度差異)에 따른 myclobutanil 분해률(分解率)과 균증식정도(菌增殖程度)는 $28^{\circ}C$ > $18^{\circ}C$ > $38^{\circ}C$의 순(順)으로 높았다.