• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.309-317
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• 1992

Evaluation of electroplated gold has been carried out to obtain the data base for electrical, mechanical and environmental properties for telecommunication component applications. Gold plating was performed to a various thickness of $0.1\mu\textrm{m}$ to 1.$25\mu\textrm{m}$ after Ni plating of $3\mu\textrm{m}$ on C52100 bronze. Electrical properties were evaluated by measuring contact resistance using 4-wire method under static contact and dynamic contact during wear. Reciprocating wear test was performed to study the wear behavior as well as failure of gold contacts. Environmental characteristics were evaluated by using salt spray testing and SO2 test. Hardness of soft gold film was measured to be 53KHN under 5g load. Friction coefficient was initially obtained to be 0.15 and 0.25 under 100g and 200g loads respectively, and then raised up to 0.8 with increasing reciprocating wear cycles. Static contact resistance was 2 to 3m$\Omega$ regardless of gold film thickness while drastic changes of contact resistance were occured upon stripping of the gold film during wear. The lifetime of contact wear showing stable contact resistance increased up to 6 times for $1\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness compared to that of$ 0.1\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness under 100g load. All gold plating appeared to be stable under salt atmosphere while only the gold plating over 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ was stable under SO2 atmosphere.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2011

Concave surface boundary-layer flows are subjected to centrifugal instability which results in the formation of streamwise counter-rotating vortices. Such boundary layer flows have been experimentally investigated on concave surfaces of 1 m and 2 m radius of curvature. In the experiments, to obtain uniform vortex wavelengths, thin perturbation wires placed upstream and perpendicular to the concave surface leading edge, were used to pre-set the wavelengths. Velocity contours were obtained from hot-wire anemometer velocity measurements. The most amplified vortex wavelengths can be pre-set by the spanwise spacing of the thin wires and the free-stream velocity. The velocity contours on the cross-sectional planes at several streamwise locations show the growth and breakdown of the vortices. Three different vortex growth regions can be identified. The occurrence of a secondary instability mode is also shown as mushroom-like structures as a consequence of the non-linear growth of the streamwise vortices. Wall shear stress measurements on concave surface of 1 m radius of curvature reveal that the spanwise-averaged wall shear stress increases well beyond the flat plate boundary layer values. By pre-setting much larger or much smaller vortex wavelength than the most amplified one, the splitting or merging of the streamwise vortices will respectively occur.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2006

We studied relation between the clothing pressure applied by types of brassiere, postures, feeling of tightness. The main results were summerized as follows; 1. The research subjects of this study were 9 who rate of body fat was borderline and degree of fatness was normal. As a result of clothing pressure, the most prefered value was $36.86g/cm^2$ on sensor 2 in standing position and the next was $34.76g/cm^2$ on sitting position. Furthermore, The maximum value of sensor 2 was $59.08g/cm^2$ (in standing), $57.93g/cm^2$ (in sitting). On the other hand, The average clothing pressure of bra C type was $23.67g/cm^2$ 2. The study of feeling of tightness applied by bra type was high in order of C

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-122
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• 1994

소자가 고속, 고주파화 되고 ASIC 칩의 개발이 가속화되면서 패키징과 interconnection 의 중요성이 더욱 증대되고 있다. 소자의 성능에 가장 직접적인 영향을 주는 것이 1차 패키징인데 현재 가장 많이 실행되고 있는 것이 wire 등에 의한 본딩 방법이었다. 이러한 기존의 방법은 소자의 고속화와 입출력 숫자의 증가에 따라 점차 그 한계를 보이고 있는데 이에 대한 방안으로는 플립칩 본딩 방식에 의한 패키징을 들 수 있다. 약 20여년 전에 IBM 에서 개발된 이래 많은 발전을 거듭한 이 기술은 최근 기본 기술에 대한 특허권의 소멸과 함께 많은 응용 분야에서 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 향후의 가장 유력한 패키징 기술로 인정되고 있는 플립칩 본딩 기술의 특징과 제조 관련 사항을 정리함과 동시에 응용 분야, 특히, OEIC(Optoelectronics Integrated Circuit) 분야에서의 이용 및 개발 현황을 분석, 소개함으로써 이 새로운 패키징 기술에 대한 인식을 제고하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2003

It has been used many kinds of horizontal butt-welding methods at block-to-block erection stage in shipbuilding companies. For examples, some companies use conventional FCAW process with one side or both sides groove joint welding, others use carriage with torch holder type mechanized welding method. Although lots of efforts were done until now, some problems in quality and productivity still remain in ship's hull welding. In this study, we have attempted to raise productivity and quality on horizontal position of welding with following 3 items. 1) Prepare groove condition with no root gap for making easy fit-up work. 2) Develop improved MAG (100% $CO_2$ gas shielding) welding process with solid wire for making sound root bead from one side. 3) Develop and apply quite new automatic welding carriage. The stability of new welding process was confirmed by conducting mechanical tests of weldments to verify the soundness of weldments.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

IMS(IP Multi-Media Subsystem)란 인터넷 프로토콜(IP)을 기반으로 음성, 오디오, 비디오 및 데이터 등의 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공 할 수 있는 서비스 플랫폼이다. 초기 3G 이동통신망에서 멀티미디어 서비스를 지원하기 위하여 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)에서 제안되었으나 현재는 IPTV, 유선전화서비스 사업자 등에서도 폭넓게 채택되어 기존 소프트스위치 기반의 인터넷전화 서비스 플랫폼을 대체하고 있고, 특히, 최근에는 이동통신서비스인 4G LTE의 확산에 따라 관련 시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 1,000 회선급 가입자 회선을 수용 할 수 있는 고속의 메인 프로세서와 기존 표준 SIP 프로토콜을 사용하는 SIP 단말과 IMS 코어와 연동 할 수 있는 SIP 게이트웨이를 설계하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Since superconducting wires have no resistance, electromagnets based on the superconducting wires produce no resistive heating with DC current as long as the current does not exceed the critical current of the wire. However, unlike resistive wires, superconducting wires exhibit AC heat loss. Embedding fine superconducting filaments inside copper matrix can reduce this AC loss to an acceptable level and opens the way to AC-capable superconducting coils. Here, we introduce an easy and accurate method to measure AC heat loss from sample superconducting coils by measuring changes in the rate of gas helium outflow from the liquid helium dewar in which the sample coil is placed. This method provides accurate information on total heat loss of a superconducting coil without any size limit, as long as the coil can fit inside the liquid helium dewar. With this method, we have evaluated AC heat loss of two superconducting solenoids, a 180-turn solid NbTi wire with 0.127 mm diameter (NbTi coil) and a 100-turn filamented wire with 1.4 mm diameter where 7 NbTi filaments were embedded in a copper matrix with copper to NbTi ratio of 6.7:1 (NbTi-Cu coil). Both coils were wound on 15 mm-diameter G-10 epoxy tubes. The AC heat losses of the NbTi and NbTi-Cu coils were evaluated as $53{\pm}4.7\;{\mu}W/A^2Hzcm^3$ and $0.67{\pm}0.16\;{\mu}W/A^2Hzcm^3$, respectively.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

자동조사기가 개발된 이래 조사장력이 소위 철선생사와 관련된다 하여 중요시 하기에 이르렀다. 특히 고속조사에서 생사의 물리적성질을 악화시킨다 하여 물의를 일으키고 있다. 본보고는 한국잠견으로서는 최초로 조사장력과 조사속도의 관계를 고찰하게 되었고 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 한국생사는 아직도 철선생사와는 거리가 멀고 정상적인 생사로 인정된다. 2. 한국생사제조에서 고속화가 되지 못하는 주요원인은 사조고장이고 특히 조사용견의 비상견 및 견층분리현상에 기인하며 이것은 원료견질과 관계가 있다. 3. 현단계에서의 적정 조사속도는 190회/분 내외이며 조사장력으로 따지면 0.4∼0.5g/d이다. 4. 본보고에서 조사한 조사장력과 조사속도와의 관계는 제 7 도와 같은데 관계식으로서는 A. 조장력측정의 경우 Y=5.0831＋0.0381X(단, Y : 장력 g/21d, X : 조사속도 m/min) B. 해서장력측정의 경우 Y=3.1922＋0.0175X(단, Y : 장력 g/21d, X : 조사속도 m/min) 이었다. 5. 해서장력과 고차저항은 거의 같은 비율로 총조사장력을 구성하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate high technology adaptive driving controls, such as mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, for the people with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The drivers with severe physical disabilities have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of reduced muscle strength and limited range of motion. Therefore, if the remote control system with driver-by-wire technology is used for adaptive driving controls for people with physical limitations, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Method: We developed the remotely controlled driving simulator with drive-by-wire technology, e.g., mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, in order to evaluate driving performance in a safe environment for people with severe physical disabilities. STISim Drive 3 software was used for driving test and the customized Labview program was used in order to control the servomotors and the adaptive driving devices. Thirty subjects participated in the study to evaluate driving performance associated with three different driving controls: conventional driving control, mini steering wheel-lever controls and joystick controls. We analyzed the driving performance in three different courses: straight lane course for acceleration and braking performance, a curved course for steering performance, and intersections for coupled performance. Results: The mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system developed in this study showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) compared to the conventional driving system in the acceleration performance (specified speed travel time, average speed when passing on the right), steering performance (lane departure at the slow curved road, high-speed curved road and the intersection), and braking performance (brake reaction time). However, conventional driving system showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) compared to the mini steering wheel-lever system or joystick system in the heading angle of the vehicle at the completion point of intersection and the passing speed of the vehicle at left turning. Characteristics of the subjects were found to give a significant effect (p<0.05) on the driving performance, except for the braking reaction time (p>0.05). The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency of relatively slow acceleration (p<0.05) at the straight lane course and intersection. The steering performance and braking performance were confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) according to the characteristics of the subjects. Conclusion: The driving performance with mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick control system showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional system in the driving simulator. Application: This study can be used to design primary controls with driver-by-wire technology for adaptive vehicle and to improve their community mobility for people with severe physical disabilities.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing lingual bracket (CAD/CAM-LB) with those of conventional LB (Con-LB) and Con-LB with narrow bracket width (Con-LB-NBW) under 3 tooth displacement conditions. Methods: The samples were divided into 9 groups according to combinations of 3 LB types (CAD/CAM-LB [Incognito], Con-LB [7th Generation, 7G], and Con-LB-NBW [STb]) with 3 displacement conditions (no displacement [control], maxillary right lateral incisor with 1-mm palatal displacement [MXLI-PD], and maxillary right canine with 1-mm gingival displacement [MXC-GD]; n = 6/group). While drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire with 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes in a chamber maintained at $36.5^{\circ}C$, SFF and KFF were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis method with Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: The Incognito group demonstrated the highest SFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD, Stb-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, 7G-MXLI-PD, 7G-control] < [Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SFF among the 3 displacement conditions within each bracket group. Within each displacement condition, the Incognito group demonstrated the highest KFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD] < Stb-MXC-GD < 7G-MXLI-PD < [7G-control, 7G-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control] < [Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). MXC-GD exhibited higher KFFs than MXLI-PD in the same bracket group. Conclusions: The slot design and ligation method of the CAD/CAM-LB system should be modified to reduce SFF and KFF during the leveling/alignment stage.