• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.455-456
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• 2006

This paper presents an automatic pose-normalized 3D face data acquisition method using 2D and 3D information. We propose an automatic pose-normalized 3D face acquisition method that accomplishes 3D face modeling and 3D face pose-normalization at once. The proposed method uses 2D information with AAM (Active Appearance Model) and 3D information with 3D normal vector. The 3D face modeling system consists of 2 cameras and 1 projector. In order to verify proposed pose-normalized 3D modeling method, we made an experiment for 2.5D face recognition. The experimental result shows that proposed method is robust against pose variation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

3D laser scanners are an effective way to quickly acquire a large amount of data about an object. Recently, it is used in various fields such as surveying, displacement measurement, 3D data generation of objects, construction of indoor spatial information, and BIM(Building Information Model). In order to utilize the point cloud data acquired through the 3D laser scanner, it is necessary to make the data acquired from many stations through a matching process into one data with a unified coordinate system. However, analytical researches on the accuracy of point cloud data according to the registration method are insufficient. In this study, we tried to analyze the accuracy of registration method of point cloud data acquired through 3D laser scanner. The point cloud data of the study area was acquired by 3D laser scanner, the point cloud data was registered by the ICP(Iterative Closest Point) method and the shape registration method through the data processing, and the accuracy was analyzed by comparing with the total station survey results. As a result of the accuracy evaluation, the ICP and the shape registration method showed 0.002m~0.005m and 0.002m~0.009m difference with the total station performance, respectively, and each registration method showed a deviation of less than 0.01m. Each registration method showed less than 0.01m of variation in the experimental results, which satisfies the 1: 1,000 digital accuracy and it is suggested that the registration of point cloud data using ICP and shape matching can be utilized for constructing spatial information. In the future, matching of point cloud data by shape registration method will contribute to productivity improvement by reducing target installation in the process of building spatial information using 3D laser scanner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 1990

Two experiments were conducted to determine the validity of the deuterium oxide ($D_2O$) dilution method to estimate milk intake by pigs. A total of 39 piglets weaned from their dams 24 - 36 hours after birth and trained to drink from artificial nipples, were used for two experiments. Estimates of milk replacer consumption of individual piglets over 1, 3, 5 and 7 days were made by the $D_2O$ dilution method and by dissappearance. Milk intakes estimated by this $D_2O$ dilution method were significantly correlated ($R^2$ = 0.98-0.99) with milk intake measured by disappearance. The average difference between estimates by disappearance and estimates by the $D_2O$ dilution method were -1%, +0.5%, +0.5% and -2.1% for measurement period of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1994

In order to develop an effective extraction method of sea mustard, five different methods of boiling in 0.5% $Na_{2}EDTA(A)$, in 0.1 N HCI(B), in 0.5% $Na_{2}EDTA$ and 0.1 N HCI(C) and hydrolysis with two different polysaccharides-hydrolyzing enzymes of Celluclast(method D) and Ultrazyme(method E) prior to boiling in 0.5% $Na_{2}EDTA$ and 0.1 N HCI were studied. The highest yields of solids(63.14%) and protein(26.39%) from the extract were obtained by method D. The concentration of amino-N was significantly improved by method C(870 ppm) followed by method D(770 ppm), B(570 ppm) and A(480 ppm) compared to the control(270 ppm). Total free amino acids, mainly alanine, glutamic, and aspartic acids, were greatly increased by methods of A(8.88 mg%), D(4.14 mg%) and E(4.18 mg%) which were $2.5{\sim}5.1$ times higher than those in control(1.71 mg%). The sensory characteristics showed that extract D was significantly low in intensity of fishy odor and high in seaweed taste. Therefore, method D was suggested as the effective extraction method.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1787-1793
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• 2018

Shadow is a common phenomenon observed in natural scenes, but it has a negative influence on image analysis such as object recognition, feature detection and scene analysis. Therefore, the process of detecting and removing shadows included in digital images must be considered as a pre-processing process of image analysis. In this paper, the existing methods for acquiring 1D invariant images, one of the feature elements for detecting and removing shadows contained in a single natural image, are described, and a method for obtaining 1D invariant images based on linear regression has been proposed. The proposed method calculates the log of the band-ratio between each channel of the RGB color image, and obtains the grayscale image line by linear regression. The final 1D invariant images were obtained by projecting the log image of the band-ratio onto the estimated grayscale image line. Experimental results show that the proposed method has lower computational complexity than the existing projection method using entropy minimization, and shadow detection and removal based on 1D invariant images are performed effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1997

In general, the transformation of coordinates in GPS is carried out by 3 dimensional transformation method with 3-10 parameter. In korea, the coordinates of transformation points ware determined are adjusted in-dependently by planimetry and the height, and also the weight of observations were not properly applied to the adjustment. In this study, two different transformation methods are tested and analysed by the field test, and it is finally found that 2 dimensional method is more efficient way than 3 dimensional classical transformation method.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2004

The DCT algorithm needs an efficient hardware architecture to compute inner product. The conventional design method, like ROM-based DA(Distributed Arithmetic), has large hardware complexity. Because of this reason, a CSHM(Computation Sharing Multiplication) was proposed for implementing inner product by Park. However, the Park's CSHM has inefficient hardware architecture in the precomputer and select units. Therefore it degrades the performance of the multiplier. In this paper, we presents the optimization design method for inner product using CSHM algorithm and applied it to implementation of 1-D DCT processor. The experimental results show that the proposed multiplier is more efficient than Park's when hardware architectures and logic synthesis results were compared. The designed 1-D DCT processor by using proposed design method is more high performance than typical methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.212-227
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• 2008

Since 3D face can be rotated freely in 3D space and illumination effects can be modeled properly, 3D face modeling Is more precise and realistic in face pose, illumination, and expression than 2D face modeling. Thus, 3D modeling is necessitated much in face recognition, game, avatar, and etc. In this paper, we propose a 3D face modeling method based on 3D morphable shape modeling. The proposed 3D modeling method first constructs a 3D morphable shape model out of 3D face scan data obtained using a 3D scanner Next, the proposed method extracts and matches feature points of the face from 2D image sequence containing a face to be modeled, and then estimates 3D vertex coordinates of the feature points using a factorization based SfM technique. Then, the proposed method obtains a 3D shape model of the face to be modeled by fitting the 3D vertices to the constructed 3D morphable shape model. Also, the proposed method makes a cylindrical texture map using 2D face image sequence. Finally, the proposed method builds a 3D face model by rendering the 3D face shape model with the cylindrical texture map. Through building processes of 3D face model by the proposed method, it is shown that the proposed method is relatively easy, fast and precise than the previous 3D face model methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2015

A three-dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the natural frequencies of a truncated shallow and deep conical shell with linearly varying thickness along the meridional direction free at its top edge and clamped at its bottom edge. Unlike conventional shell theories, which are mathematically two-dimensional (2-D), the present method is based upon the 3-D dynamic equations of elasticity. Displacement components $u_r$, $u_{\theta}$, and $u_z$ in the radial, circumferential, and axial directions, respectively, are taken to be periodic in ${\theta}$ and in time, and algebraic polynomials in the r and z directions. Strain and kinetic energies of the truncated conical shell with variable thickness are formulated, and the Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem, thus yielding upper bound values of the frequencies by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four-digit exactitude is demonstrated. The frequencies from the present 3-D method are compared with those from other 3-D finite element method and 2-D shell theories.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2017

Combustion instability analysis of partially premixed model gas turbine combustor was conducted with 1D lumped method. Flame Transfer Function(FTF) was obtained with variation of fuel composition by Photo Multiplier Tube(PMT) and Hot Wire Anemometry(HWA). Decreasing instability frequency was observed when combustor length increased and multi-mode instability was confirmed. Instability frequency mode was changed while $H_2$ composition rate was increased and had agreement with experimental value. This work confirms that prediction of longitudinal combustion instability mode of partially premixed combustor is possible using 1D lumped method.