• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.559-570
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• 2011

The role of jurisprudence is examined in the early history of probability and statistics. From the mid-17th to the early 18th century, Christiaan Huygens and Jacob Bernoulli used mathematical expectation to solve the problems that originated from games of chance. We demonstrate that their concept of expectation as a fair price for participating in a game came from the legal concept of 'fair trade'. In addition, we consider that the probability that Bernoulli defined in his Ars Conjectandi originated from the legal concept of 'degree of certainty'. After considering some contributions of Laplace and Poisson, we examined the history of census and statistical survey in the early 19th century. Contrary to the history of the 17th and 18th century, statistics influenced society and law in the 19th century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.150-162
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• 2014

This study examined the excavated clothes of Lady Sim Cheongsong(1753~1810) in Jecheon which were excavated in 2012. Lady Sim died at the age of 57 and the excavated relics belonged to the 18th and 19th centuries. The excavated relics consisted of 9 pieces of three-kind-clothes. They showed various qualities such as Plain-Silk, Plaited-Silk, Patterned Twill, Plain Twill, Plain Satin, and Satin Damask. Through comparing them with the other excavated clothes of the 18th and 19th centuries, we can comprehend the periodical changes of the excavated Jegori and Yeomo (the hat for a dead woman). The excavated Jegori shows the difference of length and form from the other Jegori of the 18th century. The total length of the excavated Jegori ranged from 24 cm to 25 cm, which is 10 cm shorter than that of the other Jegori of the 18th century. The excavated hat for a dead woman shows the changes of the form and needlework. The form of a rectangular cover was changed into that of a round shape. In regards to the sewing composition, the way of inserting the cover into Mosin(the body of the hat for a dead woman) was replaced by that of connecting the cover into Mosin. The excavated clothes show three kinds of textile fabrics: plain silk fabrics and plaited silk, plain twill and four-leaf-patterned twill, eight-leaf-plain satin of life-lettered textile and five-leaf satin damask, and plain satin. Especially, the combination of eight-leaf satin and four-leaf twill with mixed textile is considered as a fabric of high quality. The excavated clothes of Lady Sim Cheongsong showed a periodical change which was different from the clothes of the 18th century in terms of the formal composition of Jegori and Yeomo. Regarding Women's Jegori a short length and slim and long sleeves are changed into short and tight Jegori, which signaled the specific change of Jegori aesthetics. The significance of the excavated clothes of Lady Sim Cheongsong lies in its role as the bases for understanding the couture culture of the 19th century.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.125-149
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• 2007

Until the late 19th century, $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu(歌曲源流)$\lrcorner$ was a collection of songs which had powerful influence on Gagog tradition. However, its role on Gagog(歌曲) tradition since then is less well known. Generally, it is presumed that Gagog tradition might disappeared by giving way to modern song genre. So this article question that $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ became extinct rapidly between the late 19th century and early 20th century, and follow $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of early 20th century. Gagog instruction for beginner had a clue to answer this question. This instruction was written by Ha Son-il(河順一) who was a teacher and singer in a private music institute. named 'ChoyangGurakbu(調陽俱樂部). Accordingly, this article has processed two phases in order to find out this question. First of all, this article analyzed Gagog instruction that Ha soon-il edited. As a result, it found out that Gagog instruction included the whole $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$'s contents in the 19th century and was transmitted actively until the early 20th century. Second, this article found out $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of the early 20th century by analyzing character of ChoyangGurakbu. And also this article discovered ChoyangGurakbu had been managed by an vigorous aid association. Gagog instruction for beginner written by Ha Son-il had spreaded from strength to strength in the early 20th century.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-115
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• 2022

The study aims to explore a new direction for research on buttons by understanding the functions and artistic features of buttons on Western clothing in the 18th and 19th centuries, and to use the findings to develop a textile design. In terms of the research method, the period was set in the 18th and 19th centuries, when decorative features and artistic values of buttons on Western clothing reached theirpeak, while theoretical analysis was made based on literature and previous research papers on Western clothing, websites of the Metropolitan Museum and French Museum of Decorative Arts and other website materials, as well as special exhibition materials of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Textile designs were developed using computer programs, including Clip Studio Paint and Adobe Photoshop, by integrating the reinterpreted motif of buttons in the 18th and 19th centuries and the styles that prevailed at that time. The results are as follows. First, buttons on Western clothing had the following three functions: a practical function, a symbolic function representing the wearer's status, and a decorative function expressing individuality and beauty. Second, buttons in the 18th century were works of art made with various handicraft techniques and were an important medium that expressed the wearer's fashion sense. In addition, buttons in the 19th century were mass-produced as a result of industrialization and took a major step forward with the development of materials and dyeing. Buttons reflected themes of poetry, drama, biblical stories, music and art, lifestyle,, along with the political and social atmosphere that rapidly changed after the revolution and fashion trends. Third, the artistic features and shapes of buttons were reinterpreted to create a design motif, and the design was developed reflecting the characteristic elements of the rococo style of the 18th century and the art nouveau style of the 19th century that can conform to modern fashion, thereby rediscovering the artistic meaning and value implied in buttons. In the future, the research on creative buttons of 20th century artists is expected to be conducted from various perspectives.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5835-5843
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• 2014

This study examined the Hanghae-Gamsa's (the local governor of Hanghae-Do) utilization of the governing institutions in Hanghae-Do during the Sulryeok (an inspection tour around the Gamsa's ruling area). For this purpose, the four Hanghae-Gamsa's official diaries were closely investigated, which were written from the 18th century to the early 19th century. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) the routes of Hanghae-Gamsa's Sulryeok and some sightseeing parts; 2) the arrival route of newly appointed Hwanghae-Gamsa and the site of Gyogwui (the change-over ritual ceremonies) between old and new Hwanghae-Gamsas; and 3) utilization of governing institutions in Hanghae-Do during the Sulryeok focusing on his duties and ritual ceremonies.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.185-221
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• 2018

This study examined the process of the formation of Deoneum, Sugungga(水宮歌), and its tendency of the change through the trace of the Pansori masters who worked in 19th century. The time that the main group of the Sugungga masters appeared in the Pansory history is estimated in early 19th century. The Sugungga masters in this time could be divided in two groups, one is the early days masters who worked in early 19th century and the other is the latter days masters who worked in middle and late 19th century. Kwon Sam-deuk(權三得), Song Heung-lok(宋興祿), Yeom Gyeo-dal(廉季達), and Shin Man-yeob(申萬葉) are the Sugungga masters who worked in early 19th century. By the records they left, I could confirm that they used the description about the dramatic characteristics in the work and Soritjo(Pansori master's tonality), like the appearance of 'Bangge(crab)' and 'Tiger', and particularly they developed which has the scene of the Rabbit's deceiving the Dragon King and Rabbit's return, 'Goandaejangja(寬大長者)', 'Gaja-Eoseoga', 'Sojinowha(笑指蘆花)', 'Apnae-Beodeuleun' and the scene of 'Rabbit's curse(the part that Rabbit curses Byeljubu)' etc. I could understand that the interest of the early days Pansori masters about Sugungga is on the characters and the latter part of the work. The separation of Dongpyeonje(東便制) and Seopyeonje(西便制) of Pansori was done in the middle and late 19th century. As the Dongpyeonje master, Song Wu-ryong(宋雨龍), Park Man-sun(朴萬順), Song Man-gab(宋萬甲), Shin Hak-jun(申鶴俊) and Yu Seong-jun(劉成俊) worked. As the Seopyeonje masters, Park Yu-jeon(朴裕全), Kim geo-bok(金巨福), Kim Su-yeong(金壽永) and Baek Gyeong-jun(白慶順) etc. sang Sugungga. The Dongpyeonje masters developed the 'Toggigibyeon(토끼奇變)' related Deoneum paying attention on the latter part of Sugungga same as the early days masters. Meanwhile it looks like that they had interest in developing the parts which belong to the middle and early parts of Sugungga like 'Toggiwhasang(토끼畵像)', 'Gogocheonbyeon(皐皐天邊)' and 'Tobyeolmundab(兎鱉問答)'. The Seopyeonje masters developed the parts belong to the early part of Sugungga, which are related to Dragon King and the courtiers in Sugung palace, like 'YongwangTansik(龍王歎息)'. And I could confirm that they developed the parts influenced by Shin Jaehyo's editorials like 'Tosahobi(兎死狐悲)' and 'Goguksancheon(故國山川)' etc. In short, I could confirm the trend that the Pansori masters in 19th century had interest in from the latter part to the early part of Sugungga. If taking a look focusing on main characters, they moved their interest in from Rabbit to the courtiers including Byeoljubu(鱉主簿) and Dragon King in Sugung palace, and it could say that, in this trend, Sori part and Deoneum were developed.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-144
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest new designs and patterns for men's coat by deconstructing and restructuring 18th and 19th century men's coat. In the postmodern society, the reinterpretation of the past fashion trends or items through extensive historical investigation has been frequently used as new design motifs and the new source of creative fashion design. Especially in the contemporary society, as multifarious forms and presentations are emphasized even in the men's fashion, it is urgently required more than ever to do thorough and extensive research for the design and structure of men's fashion. Therefore, through historical research on men's fashion, the 18th and 19th century men's coat, which is generally considered to be the most developed one in the concept and shape of 'coat,' has been reinterpreted and deconstructed to make new design for men's coat which corresponds to the trends and sensibility of contemporary fashion. In addition to this, to facilitate practical use of this new design by fashion public, the plane patterns for the actual production of these coat designs were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.176-191
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• 2014

This article focuses on the late 19th to early 20th century gat, the Korean top hat for men, to understand the diverse meanings behind the hat. During the late 19th to early 20th century, the Joseon Dynasty (1392~1910) was plunged into confusion and turmoil as it was nearing its end. It was a period of drastic changes in regards to philosophy and ideology. To that end, the hats of society mirrored such changing times, as well as the differences in the awareness of Joseon's internal subject entities and external observers. Based on the analyses of the relevant documents, this study takes a multi-faceted approach to the process in which traditional Korean hats, which were once a symbol of the Joseon civilization, became reduced to an outdated object, as well as observing the awareness and attitudes of the entities involved in such a pivotal process.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

Though the concept of unique factorization was formulated in tile 19th century, Euclid already had considered the prime factorization of natural numbers, so called tile fundamental theorem of arithmetic. The unique factorization of algebraic integers was a crucial problem in solving elliptic equations and the Fermat Last Problem in tile 19th century On the other hand the unique factorization of the formal power series ring were a critical problem in the past century. Unique factorization is one of the idealistic condition in computation and prime elements and prime ideals are vital ingredients in thinking and solving problems.