• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.181-199
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not the volatility of the 1997~1998 Asian crisis still affects the monthly stock returns of Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and China from 1980 to 2018. This study investigated whether the volatility has already fallen to pre-crisis levels. To illustrate the possible structural changes in the unconditioned variance due to the Asian financial crisis, we use the MRS-GARCH model, which is a regime switching model. The main results of this study were as follows: First, the stock return of each country was weak in the high volatility regime except Japan resulted by the Asian financial crisis from 1997 to 1998 until March 2018, and the Asian stock market has not yet calmed down except for the global financial crisis period of 2007 and 2008. Second, the conditional volatility has been significantly and persistently decreased and eliminated after the Asian financial crisis. Thus, we could be judged that the Asian stock market was not fully recovered(stable) due to the Asian crisis including the capital liberalization high inflation, worsening current account deficit, overseas low interest rates and expansion of credit growth in 1997 and 1998, but the Asian stock market was largely settled down, except for the 2007 and 2008 in Global financial crises. Considering the similarity between the Asian stock markets and the similar correlation of the regime switching, it may be worthwhile to analyze the MRS-GARCH model.

• Environmental engineer
• /
• s.172
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2000

(1) 기후변화협약 대응 필요성 - 우리 나라는 1998년 현재 세계 제11위의 이산화탄소 배출국으로서 OECD 가입 후 감축의무를 지우려는 선진국들의 압력을 거세게 받고 있음 - 우리 나라 환경전문가 중 73.5$\%$가 향후 5년 이내에 이산화탄소 의무 감축 부담을 지게 될 것으로 전망하고 있는 것으로 조사됨 - 외환위기로 인해 산업활동이 위축되었던 1998년에 이산화탄소 배출량은 11.3% 감소하였으나 1999년에는 전년 대비

• NEWSLETTER 전기공업
• /
• no.98-5 s.198
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1998

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 1999

• The Optical Journal
• /
• v.12 no.1 s.65
• /
• pp.50-52
• /
• 2000

세계 사진 시장을 한눈에 알아 볼 수 있도록 1989년부터 1998년까지 10년 동안의 각 국가별 사진 관련 제품 생산액 추이와 일본, 미국, 독일의 아마추어 사진시장 규모, 미니램 각 나라별 점유 대수를 소개한다. 미국은 91년 이후 계속 증가세를 보이면서 1998년 세계 시장의 $47.5\%$를 차지하고 있으며, 점유율 $23.7\%$인 일본과 $6.1\%$인 독일은 95년 이후 계속 생산액

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 1999

Purpose : In 1998, there was an outbreak of mumps in Taejon, Korea. We analyzed the monthly incidence, clinical manifestations, and complications during the outbreak and the annual incidence of the recent ten years. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 35 mumps patients who had been admitted to Taejon St. Mary's Hospital from January to December, 1998. Results : Mumps was prevalent in summer(from June to August) with 20 cases(57%). Thirthy-three patients(94.3%) received MMR at 15 months of age and no patients received a booster mumps vaccine. The mean age of the mumps patients was 10.5 years-old and the majority of mumps(71%) occurred between 5 and 12 year of age. The male female ratio was 2.2 : 1. The clinical manifestations were swelling of parotid gland(100%), fever (91%), vomiting(77%), abdominal pain(74%) and headache(66%) in order of frequency. Meningitis occurred in 20 cases(57%) and the mean WBC count of CSF was $464{\pm}263/mm^3$. In serology, the mean serum amylase level was $483{\pm}294IU/dL$ and anti-mumps IgM and IgG were positive in 11 and 15 out of 18 cases, respectively. From 1989 to 1997, the mean number of inpatients with mumps was 3.4 per year. Conclusion : We experienced an outbreak of mumps in 1998. It is suggested that there was a primary mumps vaccine failure in Korea and that further studies for vaccine faiure and method of booster mumps vaccine are necessary.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.11
• /
• pp.1073-1079
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Recently there has been a decrease in ventilator care rate and duration of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) in Fatima Hospital. The aims of this study were to survey the frequency and duration of ventilation in VLBWI and to develop a non-invasive neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) policy. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 284 newborn of infants less than 1,500 gm admitted to NICU and discharged from January 1998 to December 2001. Patients were intubated or applied continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) via nasal prong immediately after presenting signs of respiratory distress. We analyzed epidemiologic data to study the changes in ventilator care rate, duration and outcome of ventilator care groups. Results : Of 284 newborn infants, 146 required invasive management, such as endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilation. The characteristics, the severity of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings in ventilator care groups at birth showed no significant differences. The annual proportion of infants requiring assisted ventilation decreased according to increasing gestational age. The median duration of ventilation decreased markedly from 6.0 days in 1998 to 2.7 days in 2001. Final complications and outcomes in ventilator care groups showed no significant differences. Conclusion : Our study shows a significant reduction in the invasiveness of the treatment of VLBW infants, which was not associated with an increased mortality or morbidity. A non-invasive strategy for the VLBW infant with minimal to moderate respiratory distress after birth in NICU is better than immediate invasive management. Non-invasive nasal CPAP is a simpler and safer method than invasive assisted ventilation.

• 에너지협의회보
• /
• s.47
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 1998

산업자원부는 1998년부터 2015년까지의 제4차 장기전력 수급계획을 지난 8월 25일 최종 확정 공고하였다. 전기사업법에 따라 매2년마다 수립토록 되어 있는 제4차 장기전력 수급계획은 당초 작년말까지 확정될 예정이었으나, IMF 경제위기에 따라 전력소비의 급격한 감소가 예상되어 재작업에 착수하여 관계전문가 및 공청회의 의견수렴과 장기전력 수급심의위원회의 심의를 거쳐 최종 확정되었다. 주요내용은 향후 연평균 3.8% 수준으로 성장하여 2015년 6,957만kW까지 증가할 것으로 전망되는 전력수요의 증가에 대응하여 전력수요관리 및 기술개발 강화로 전력설비 증설을 억제하는 한편, 2015년까지 원자력 18기, 1,860만kW등 총 1백 17기 5,159만kW의 발전설비를 건설하여 발전설비를 8,083만kW로 확충하고 송변전설비를 적기에 건설하여 전력수급에 원활을 기한다는 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.23 no.3 s.59
• /
• pp.304-314
• /
• 2005

The occurrence of cyanobacterial bloom in Korean lakes of the summer is generalized. The characteristic of cyanobacterial community was explored. And the developmental stage of cyanobacterial bloom was divided into three phases, 'preparatory phase', 'bloom phase' and 'extinction phase' Cyanobacterial bloom started during the end of June at site 1, transition Bone of Lake Daecheong. The period of water bloom in normal year was about 60~70 days at site 4, lacustrine Bone, but it was unusually 11 days from July 19 in 1999. M. aerugilnosa first occurred in June, had a peak of standing crop curve from the end of August to the beginning of September in 1998 and 2002 and the end of July in 1999 and 2001. The standing crop of M. aeruginosa occupied $68.1\%$ of phytoplankton, $74.2\%$ of cyanobacteria and $88.8\%$ of genus Microcystis, Anabaena spp. first occurred in April, was above 10,000 cells $mL^{-1}$ from the end of August to about the middle of September in 1998. The effect of rainfalls on cyanobacterial bloom was different according to the phases. The rainfalls of preparatory phase assist the growth of cyanobacteria, but accelerate the decrease of cyanobacteria in extinction phase. In bloom phase, the heavy rainfalls reduce the development of the bloom, while the slight ones display only a little effects.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6 s.337
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 1997

현대문명의 얼굴인 텔레비전방송에 30여년 전 컬러텔레비전의 등장이래 가장 큰 혁신의 바람이 불기 시작했다. 세계 최대의 TV보유국가인 미국의 주요 방송사들은 1998년 10월부터 디지털방송을 개시하는가하면 일본은 2000년의 시험방송을 거쳐 2001년부터 디지털TV 본방송을 게시할 예정이다. 유럽도 1998년에 디지털 TV 시험방송을 시작한다. 영국의 BBC방송은 이미 1995년부터 디지털 라디오방송을 내보내고 있다. 우리나라도 2001년부터 10년간 단계적으로 모든 지상파 TV와 FM라디오방송을 디지털식으로 전환한다. 세계는 마침내 본격적인 디지털시대로 들어가고 있다.